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Index
A Beckett, Sir William 581
Aarons, Joseph 346
Aarons, Rachel 346
Abbott, Tony 265, 613, 704
Abdu’l-Bahá 168
Abdullah, Meena 465
Abikaram, Bishop Dr Ad 280, 281
Aboriginal and Islander Baptist Council of Australia 92, 111
Aboriginal and Islander Commission 92
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner 113
Aboriginal Australians 1, 73–4
Aboriginal Protectorates 11, 12, 74, 318
Aborigines’ Protection Society 12
Arrernte totem beliefs 74–5
and atomic testing at Maralinga 109
and Australian law 115–18
care of children 274
ceremonies 88, 88
change and 89
Christian missions to 96–106
church leaders’ call for better treatment of 107
churinga (tjurunga) 75
colonisation and 106
contact with Muslim Macassans 6, 87
Council for Aboriginal Affairs 110
creation stories and the Law 69–96
Alcheringa, (Altjira, Altyerre) 71, 72, 73
ceremonies and 88, 88
Djanggawul 69, 71, 72, 78
Inapertwa creatures 72, 74
Kunapipi 78
Kwoiyam 69
Malo 69, 72, 73
Ngurunderi 69, 70–1, 72, 77, 86, 117
Ungambikula 69, 71–2, 74
Day of Mourning 90, 109
dispossession 106, 107, 589, 707
Dreaming 5, 78–9, 707
and eco-tourism 93–5
education and health 115
Elcho Island Adjustment Movement 68
encounters with Christian missionaries 90–1
fertility religions 6
Freedom Ride 91
history and dreamings 86–7
impact of missionaries on 12, 95
impacts from outside Australia 88
Irish Catholic influences on 245
issues with respect to churches 106–15
Kayteh land claim 116
Kunapipi-Karwadi cult 68
land claims
land rights 109, 115, 117, 177, 618, 619, 707, 708
Hindmarsh Island 117
Mabo case 112, 113, 117, 618–20
Milirrpum v Nabalco 117
and the mining industry 117–18
and religious beliefs and practices 117
religious evidence for ownership 116–17
Wik case 113, 117
language groups 5
Law 707
male dominance 82, 95
men's secret material 118
missions and relations with 11–12
mythology 72, 78, 82–3
non-payment of wages to 108, 114
Pallottine Missionaries 73
paternalism towards 108, 110
political activism 108
protection of religious rights 118
Rainbow Serpent 78
reconciliation and 111
referendum to include Aboriginal people 115–16
relationship with the land 109, 112, 117
religion and politics 618–20
religions 6, 39, 53, 67–8, 69–118, 664, 680
adaptation to occupation 6
adaptations to Christianity 6
Alcheringa, (Altjira, Altyerre) 78
‘All Father’ figures in 76–8, 95
art and 83–6
dance 85–6
painting 83–5
Papunya dot-and-circle paintings 83
Tiwi art and craft 84
women's involvement 84, 85
Yuendumu artists 84
Christian denominations 95
conversion to Christianity 664
demography of 87–90
differentiated forms of 6
Dingarri-Kuranggara song cycle 93
dreaming narratives of 6, 78–9, 86–7
fertility religions 6
impact of missionaries on 90
and the internet 94
listening and talking 95–6
melding of Bible stories and tradition 91, 92
mother figures in 78
myth and ritual in 82–3
new movements 92–3
Ngurunderi 86
prior to white settlement 5–6
Rainbow Serpent 78
studies of 73–4
superstition and 73–6
theologies 91–2
totemic religions 6, 74–5
travelling cults 93
Wandjina deities 6
women and 79–82
religious identification 95
removal of children from their families 108, 113
sacred sites 55, 68, 587
self-determination 92, 110, 589
sexual abuse of children 114
spiritualities 24, 93–5, 619, 683
standard of living 114
‘Stolen Generations’ 82, 113, 177, 589
stories 88
Torres Strait Islanders 68, 72, 73
Pentecostalism 73
violence against 108
voting rights 110
Warlmanpa land claim 116
Warlpiri land claim 116
Woagaia-Jinimi Movement 93
women
European perceptions of 79
power of 708
responsibility for land 116
sacred objects 83
women's spirituality 707–8
yawulyu performances 81, 81, 82
yilpinji songs 82
Aboriginal Evangelical Fellowship 110, 112
Aboriginal Evangelical Missions 68
Aboriginal Inland Mission 92
Aboriginal Islander Dance Theatre 86
Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 618
Aboriginal Movement for Outback Survival 104
Aboriginal Revival 321
Aboriginal Theatre Foundation 85
Aboriginal Women's Art Festival 85
Aborigines Advancement League 110
Aborigines’ Friends Association 73, 90, 102
Aborigines’ Inland Mission 110
Aborigines’ Protection Society 12
Aborigines Sunday 109
Aborigines Woomera 85
abortion 39, 263, 590, 621, 704
Abrahams, Esther 347
Abrahams, Rosanna 347
Abu Bakr Mosque, Canberra 456
Abune Merkorios IV 317
ACCESS ministries 716
Action by Churches Together 399
Adams, Don 343
Adams, J.A.D. 518
Adass Israel movement 355
Adelaide, non-believers 606
Adult Migrant Education Service 450
Advance Australia magazine 579
Adventist Andrews University, United States 565, 566
Adventist Hospital 565
African Methodist Episcopal Church 62
Aga Khan, Prince Karim 597
aged-care facilities 652, 690
Aginian Armenian School, Melbourne 157
agnostics 603
Ahern, Mike 263
Ahl Al-Tawheed 312
Ahmad, Fauzia 467
Ahmad, Mirza Ghulam 597
Ahmadiya 64, 597
Ahura Mazda 594, 595
Aidan 120
Äishah 421
Aitken, Roshi Robert 206
Aitkin, Anne 206
Ajahn Brahm 204, 211–12
Ajahn Vayama 204
Akinola, Archbishop 33
al-Askari, Hasan 421
Al-Darazi, Nashtakeenu 312
Al-Ghazzali Centre for Islamic Sciences and Human Development 427
al-Hilali, Sheikh Taj al-Din 449, 452, 453, 462, 465
Al-Mubaraki, Majid Fandi 403
Al-Muwahidoon 312
Al Qaeda 462, 642
al Wahhab, Muhammad 642
Al-Zahra Mosque 449
Al Zahra Muslim Women's Association 467
Alba, Avril 359
Albiston, A.E. 409
Albrecht, Friedrich Wilhelm 37, 397
Alcoholics Anonymous 250
Alcorn brothers 414
Aleksovski, Father 499
Alexandra College 531
Alexian Brothers 267
Ali, Dr Ameer 463
All Africa Conference of Churches 306
All Saints College 539
Allum, Mahomet 441
AlSaeed, Raed 662
Altan Khan 189
Altin, Risto 496
Altizer, Thomas 414
Aluvihare monastery 187
Aly, Waleed 456, 642
Ambedkar, Dr Bhimrao Ramji 190
American Healing Revival 161
American University in Beirut 279
Amish 341
Old Order Amish 341
Amy Bethel House 104
Anabaptist Association of Australia and New Zealand 341
Anabaptists 340–1
Anagarika Elisabeth 205
Ananda Marga 66, 599, 663
Anawratha (king of Myanmar) 195
ancestor veneration 288
Ancient Church of the East 164
Andary, David OBE 313
Anderson, Andrew 376
Anderson, Kevin Victor QC 562
Anderson, Prof. Robert 636
Anderson, Tim 600
Andonovski, Jane 497
Andrewes, Lancelot 126
Andrews, Kevin 264, 265, 603, 615, 651
Androutsopoulos, Archimandrite Theodoros 482
Angas, George Fife 14, 101, 173, 319, 390
Angelovski, Father Georgi 496
Anglican Board of Mission – Australia 135
Anglican Catholic Church 118, 139, 145
adherents in Australia 119
beliefs of 119
Anglican Church League 320
Anglican Church of Australia
See Anglicans
Anglican Communion 33
Anglicans 7, 42, 120–40, 155
abortion 704
active membership 57
Adelaide Diocese, compensation payments to victims of abuse 145
age of its following 50, 146
ancestry of Australian Anglicans 136
the Anglican Communion 148–55
Anglican Consultative Council 154
Anglo-Catholic Sisterhoods 15
Appellate Tribunal 142
Archbishop of Canterbury 141, 152
Association for the Apostolic Ministry 144
attendances 136, 139
Australian Board of Missions 135
Australian College of Theology 134
Australian General Synod, 2004 141
Australian General Synod, constitution 143
An Australian Prayer Book 138, 151
Bathurst Diocese, compensation payments to victims of abuse 146
Brother Bill's Social Settlement 690
bush brotherhoods 15, 136
cathedrals 132
changes of name 149
charismatic services 643
church architecture 132
Church Missionary Society 129
Church of England Men's Society 133
church planting 147
churchmanship 131, 140
clergy, education of 37
clergy sexual abuse 140, 142, 145–6
coercive role in New South Wales 128
Community of the Holy Name 133, 689
Community of the Sisters of the Church 133
complaints programs 146
constitution 131, 132, 138, 150
Deaconess Institute 133
deaconesses 15
debates and issues in 140–8
decline of numbers 139, 146–7, 148
diocesan structure 131, 150
Diocese of Carpenteria 101
flying bishops 144
Forward in Faith Australia 144
Fundamental Declaration 150, 151
fundamentalism 640
General Synod 114, 150, 151
Doctrine Commission 141
‘listening process’ 142, 148
Liturgical Commission 151
representation of Indigenous people 148
Standing Committee 142
Girls’ Friendly Society 133
Global Anglican Future Conference 152, 153
governance 150, 151
and government policy 128
Grafton Diocese, compensation payments to victims of abuse 146
history, beliefs and practices 120–8
and homosexuality 33, 140–2, 152
and imperial patriotism 137
and Indigenous people 148
influence of 137, 138, 139, 140, 148
Instruments of Communion 154
Lambeth conferences 152–5
lay presidency at Holy Communion 140, 145
Maori Fellowship 514
Melbourne Diocese, ordination of women 143
‘mission-shaped’ Church 146, 147
missionary work in Australia 135
missions in Western Australia 104
Mothers’ Union 133
national government 131
numbers of adherents 41–52, 135, 149
ordination of women 33, 133, 139, 140, 142–5, 151, 152, 709
power of bishops in Australia 130
A Prayer Book for Australia 138, 151
Primates’ Meeting 150, 154
Primates’ Standing Committee 148
professional standards of conduct 142, 146
public confidence in 138, 146
and reconciliation 113, 148
rejection of Papal power 122
representation of Indigenous people 140
retention rate 139
rites of passage 602
role of women 133
Ruling Principles 150
in rural areas 136
rural dioceses 147
same-sex unions 140, 152
schools 12, 133–4, 668, 673
sectarianism in 37
settlement patterns 43–7
and sexual behaviour 33
Sisters of the Church 134
Sisters of The Mission to the Streets and Lanes 477, 689
Society of the Sacred Advent 133
sources of clergy 134–5
structure of 151
debates about 151
Sunday worship 132–3
Sydney Diocese
Diocesan Women's Ministry Team 144
homosexuality 141
influence of 150
lay presidency at Holy Communion 145
ordination of women 143–4
role at Lambeth 1998 141
satellite churches 140, 147
system of government 131
Tasmanian Diocese, compensation payments to victims of abuse 145
theology 127
training of clergy in Australia 134
Tribunal system 151
university colleges 134
in urban areas 47
youth organisations 139
welfare work 138, 647, 651, 685–6
See also Church of England
Anglicare 138
Anglicare Refugee and Migrant Services 651
Anglo-Catholic Sisterhoods 15
Anglo-Judaism 349, 352
Angurugu mission 105
Angus, Samuel 17, 320, 409, 412, 527, 536
Animism 603
Ann Street Church, Brisbane 534
Antal, Rev. Dr. F. 552
Anthroposophical Society 578
Anthroposophy 16, 155–6
and Footscray Primary School 155
Parsifal College, Sydney 155
Steiner schools 155
anti-Catholicism 8
anti-clericalism 609
Anti-Sweating League 166
Antiochian Orthodox Church 474–7
and the Anglican Church of Australia 283, 473, 477
Arabic language 476
ethnic separatism 475
future of 477
governance 476
lay establishment of the community 474–5
membership 477
pan-Orthodoxy 475–6
priests 476–7
convert priests 476
role of the wife of the priest 477
social and cultural activities 477
and reconciliation 113
willingness to adopt English 477
Antonine Brothers 651
Antonine Sisters 651
Apostolic Church 97, 104, 518, 519
Apostolic Faith Mission 518, 519
Apple, Rabbi Raymond 352, 636
Aquinas College, University of Adelaide 252
Archbishop Stefan 494
Archibald, J.F. 239
Arden, Harvey 94
Ardill, George 175
Arkwookerum, Peret 89
Arltunga Mission 105
Armenian Apostolic Church of the Holy Resurrection 156
Armenian Church 156–7, 510
Aginian Armenian School 157
Armenian Church Council of Victoria 157
Diocese of the Armenian Church of Australia and New Zealand 157
history in Australia 156
membership 157
mission work 157
and national identity and language 157
role in the community 157
Saturday school 157
and the social life of the community 157
Arminianism 404
Armstrong, Diane 359
Armstrong, Francis 103
Armstrong, Karen 642, 690
Armstrong, Norman 161
Arsenieff, B. 481
Arsenios, Constantine 480
Arthur, Sir George 9, 318
artificial reproductive technology 621
Arulampalam, Samuel 588
Arundale, George 579
Aryasamaji 333
Asatrau 516
Asia and Pacific Migration Journal 648
Asia-Pacific Centre for Interreligious Dialogue 638
Asiana Centre 287
Asoka 29, 186, 187, 195, 198
Aspinall, Archbishop Dr Phillip 144, 148, 150
Assemblies of God 32, 62, 157–62, 326, 518, 520
and Assemblies of God in the United States 160
attendances 162
The Australian Evangel and Glad Tidings Messenger 159
biennial conferences 159
and Catch the Fire Ministries 214
church planting 160
Commonwealth Bible College 159
Commonwealth Executive Presbytery 159
constitution 159
Gospel Publishing House 160
growth of 161, 162
leadership 161
membership 159, 598
migrant work 160
Migration Officer 160
missionary work 97, 159
national youth program 160
number of churches 160
Pacific Islander branches 513
pacifism 159
Queensland 158, 518
Queensland church 158
Southern Cross College 159
sponsorship of migrants 159
welfare work 162
See also Pentecostalism
Association for the Apostolic Ministry 144
Assyrian Church of the East 163
Mar Narsai College, Sydney 164
membership 163
parishes in Sydney 164
St Hurmizd Assyrian Primary School, Sydney 164
Assyrian churches in Australia 162–4, 276–9
Ancient Church of the East 164
Assyrian Church of the East 164
asylum seekers 651, 659
Atdill, Louisa 175
Athanasius 305
atheism 28, 164–6, 602, 603
Athenagoras, Patriarch 485
Athenagoras Kavadis, Patriarchal Exarch 485
Athenagoras Varaklas, Archimandrite 482
Audi, Robert 624, 625
Audras, Jean 269
Augsburg Confession 387, 390
Augustine 120, 121
Aurukun mission 101
Austral-Indian Society 442
Australasian Christian Brothers 271
Australasian Chronicle 660
Australasian League for the Prevention of Transportation 13
Australasian Mission of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints 376
Australia
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage Protection Act 1984 115, 118
Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 115
Aboriginal Protection Acts
Aboriginal Protectorates 11, 12, 74, 318
‘Afghans’ 436, 440, 568
alternative belief systems 53, 573
anti-German feeling 391, 396
anti-refugee sentiment 353
anti-semitism 363, 658
anti-transportation cause 13
Anzac Day 19
assimilationist policies 97, 104, 107
avoidance of extremism 644
Bill of Rights 629
‘British’ religions in 57–8
cameleers and hawkers 436, 437, 439, 568, 569
hostility towards 440
tension over access to water 437, 440
without wives and families 437
census data 3, 22–3
census definition of religion 26
Chaldeans 276
changes in the population 42
changing religious face of 50
character of religion in 5
charitable work and religion 646–8
Christian majority in 50, 678
Church Acts 12, 129, 406, 675, 677
church and state 616–18
from 1850 to 1900 12–13
from 1850 to 1914 16–17
post-World War Two 19–20
church architecture 34–5
church attendance 165, 320, 713
churches, war and politics in 18–19
civil rights in 19
Colombo Plan 445–6
colonial chaplains in 8, 9, 13
colonisation and Indigenous people 106
conditions of labour in 14
confessional political parties 254
conscription plebiscites 18, 19, 34, 177, 242, 257
Constitution 2, 565
affirmation 613
and Indigenous people 107
oath of allegiance to the Queen 613
prayers at opening of Parliament 613–15
preamble 611–13
recognition of ‘Almighty God’ 610, 611
referendum to include Aboriginal people 110, 115–16
section 116 30, 609, 611, 678
swearing-in of members and senators 613
constitutional conventions 611, 612
Indigenous spirituality 612
republicans 612
convicts 13, 236–7, 652
cultural and linguistic diversity in 34–5
cultural identities in 5
dissenting denominations in 7
division between Protestants and Catholics 669
ecumenical character of 633–8
education 12, 50–2, 646
ethnic diversity 2, 53–67, 139
Family Reunion Policy 440
federation 107, 678
First World War
internment of German nationals 18
war memorials 19
founding denominations and clergy in 8–9
‘founding faiths’ 51
social variety in 51
free, secular education system 12, 13, 134, 165, 249, 317, 558
fundamentalism in 643–4
and Germany 391
gold rushes in 31, 60, 245, 349, 406, 678
history of religion in 5–21
immigration
See immigration
Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs and Defence 171
legal system 32
literacy 642
marriage 327
militant religiosity in 617
missionaries, and relations with Indigenous people 11–12
moral and social questions in early colonies, role of churches in 13–15
mosques and temples 35
multiculturalism in 369, 450, 452, 456, 468, 653, 676
multifaith character of 637, 633–8, 676
sources of
National Anthem 617–18
Native Title Act 1993 (Cwth) 112, 115
Native Title Amendment Act 113
non-Christian population of 50, 51, 663–7
non-European influences 34
North American influences in 60–3
numbers claiming ‘no religion’ 43, 54
observation of the Sabbath 38
occupational profile 50–2
overseas aid programs 704
Parliament opening with a prayer 610
patterns of religious settlement 8
pluralism in 165, 617, 618, 712
‘political correctness’ 618
political parties 32, 259
political party membership 602
politics, religious right 643, 705
precedence of Anglicanism 254
Protestant influences 6, 29, 32
provision of clergy and education in 9–11
public funding for religious institutions 40
public morality 31
refugees 648–51
regulation of alcohol, tobacco, racing and gambling 18, 31, 39
religion
and gender in 695, 696–7
and intellectual development in 36–8
political parties 615–16
and politics in 254–5, 608–20, 621–32
in the public sphere 617
religions
active membership 53
age profiles 43
Asian religions 64–7
British background to 6–8
denominations in 66
English language heritage 54
Indigenous religions 67–8
integration into society
Irish and European origins 58–60
Middle Eastern influences 63–4
origins of 55, 68
professional surveys on 53
relative size of 41
United States origins of 62
religious adherence in 2, 42, 318, 679, 681
religious affiliation, by gender 697
religious denominations in 8, 53, 60
religious discrimination 611
religious diversity 667, 677–8, 684, 709
religious infrastructure in 11
religious profile of 19, 41–52, 680, 683
role of Christian denominations in 30
secondary colleges in 10
sectarian tensions in 255–7, 617, 635, 656, 667
between Protestants and Catholics 13, 18, 241, 242, 254, 633, 678
secular society, religious adherence in 54–7
secularisation 608–9, 713–14
secularism in 14, 50, 53, 242, 558, 633, 655, 656, 667
sedition laws 459
separation of church and state 18, 29, 30, 609–11, 678, 702
settlement patterns 43–50
Sex Discrimination Amendment Bill 2001 and 2002 615
social cohesion 677–8, 684
social control 646
social inclusion 683
social policy 683
social values 317
spiritual care in 646–8
spirituality 713–14
state aid to religious schools 30, 37, 39, 130, 616, 657, 668
end of 669–70
restoration of 671–2, 682
state and territory services in health, education, welfare and counselling 39
state support for religious denominations 9
Sudanese immigrants 650, 651
Sunday observance 30
terrorism laws 455, 459, 462
test for prospective citizens 442, 461, 618
theological colleges 10
tolerance 9, 457, 644, 664
training of clergy in Australia 10, 17, 19
and the United Kingdom 9
United States influences in 17, 36
universities 10, 38
violent movements 644
The War Precautions Act 1916 444
welfare state 691, 692–3, 694
welfare work and charitable organisations 685–94
White Australia Policy 649
abolition of 36, 42, 60, 287, 570
and Chinese people 285
Christian opposition to 653
criticism of 653
exclusion of non-Christians 53
Muslims and 439
racial exclusion 645, 652
relaxation of 198, 445, 634
women and religion 703–8
Australia Day 241
Australia/Israel and Jewish Affairs Council 358
Australia/Israel Publications 358
Australian Aborigines League 90
Australian Association of Christian Schools 178
Australian Buddhist Federation 201
Australian Bureau of Statistics 3
classification of religious groups 511, 596
definition of religion 26, 27, 695
General Social Survey 602, 702
Australian Catholic Bishops’ Conference 229
Australian Catholic Chinese Community 287
Australian Catholic Federation 257
Australian Catholic Migrant and Refugee Office 651
Australian Catholic Social Justice Council 114
Australian Catholic Social Welfare Commission 264
Australian Catholic Truth Society 244
Australian Catholic University chair for Islamic-Catholic Relations 638
Australian Catholics journal 250
Australian Census 3, 22–3
Anglican numbers in 138
changes in Australia's religious profile 678–80
characteristics of people claiming ‘no religion’ 603–4
exclusion of Indigenous people 107, 110
list of denominations in the question on religion 41, 43, 596
‘no religion’ answers 29, 43, 603–7, 678
ancestry of those claiming ‘no religion’ 604
number of those claiming ‘no religion’ 68, 139, 164, 165, 604
non-Christians 43
numbers claiming adherence to ‘Australian Aboriginal Traditional Religions’ 68
numbers claiming Orthodox church adherence 511
numbers claiming participation in church activity 602
numbers identifying as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders 95
numbers not answering the religion question 68
question about religious identification 26, 374, 602
record of religious adherence 41
spirituality in 26–7
Australian Christian Churches 158, 326
Australian Christian Lobby 32, 327, 616
Australian Church 166–7, 576
Anti-Sweating League 166
Children's Aid Society 166
influence of 167
Religious Science Society 166
Social Issues Committee 166
welfare organisations 166
Australian Churches of Christ Indigenous Ministries 114
Australian College 530
Australian College of Theology 134, 552
Australian Communist Party 19
Australian Community Survey 663
Australian Council for Christians and Jews 636
Australian Council of Churches 110, 474, 510, 599, 634, 650
Aboriginal and Islander Commission 92, 111
Commission for Church and Society 111
Native Title Task Group 112
Orthodox church members 512
Australian Croatian Catholic Centre 651
Australian Ecumenical Officers’ Network 635
Australian Federation of Islamic Councils 449, 450, 453, 458
disharmony in 458
funding from Saudi Arabia 451, 452
funding from Turkey 452
funding of 450, 451
and women's issues 461
and youth issues 460
Australian Federation of Islamic Societies 449, 450
Australian German Welfare Society 577
Australian Imperial Force, chaplains 137
Australian Inland Mission 15, 97, 530, 536, 541, 545
Australian Insight Meditation Network 210
Australian Institute for Aboriginal and Torres Straits Islander Studies 76
Australian Institute for Jewish Affairs 358
Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies 76
Australian Islamic Review 456
Australian Jewish Chronicle 352
Australian Jewish Welfare Society 354, 357, 649
Australian Labor Party 14, 234, 257, 320
Catholic influences 261
Catholics and 256, 258
split 252, 260, 262, 608, 615, 631
values of 631
Australian Labor Party (Anti-Communist) 261, 615
Australian Lutheran College 397
Lutheran Theological Journal 396
Australian Lutheran World Service 392, 399
Australian Multicultural Foundation 171
Australian Muslim News 456
Australian National Imams Council 452, 463
Australian National Secretariat of Catholic Action 260
Australian Natives Association 353
Australian Ordination of Catholic Women 708–9
Australian Pagans 516
Australian Partnership of Religious Organisations 637
Australian Pentecostal Ministers Fellowship 158
Australian Protestant Defence Association 256
Australian Standard Classification of Religious Groups 596
Australian Student Christian Movement 634
Australian–Turkish Assisted Passage Scheme 447
Australian Workers’ Union 532
authority, and religion 29–30, 629
Autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church of America and Canada 483
autonomy 628
Avondale College 565, 566
Awake! magazine 343
Azusa Street, Los Angeles 517, 518
Azzam, Abdullah 455
Backhouse, James 9, 547
Bader, Veit 617
Bahá‘í faith 64, 171, 168–71, 650, 665–6
acts of service 170
calendar 168
commitment to world peace 171
communities 169
decision-making 168
diversity of 169
education 170
Education for Peace Certificate 170
Feasts 168
growth of 680
Harmony Film Festival 170
House of Worship 169
inter-faith activities 171
Kitab-i-Bahá (book of laws) 168
membership 168, 665
multiculturalism 170
National Assembly 168
National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá‘í of Australia and New Zealand 665
non-involvement in political affairs 171
organisation and values 168–71
Peace Messenger Award 171
persecution in Iran 169, 665
racial equality 168
scripture classes 170
spiritual and moral codes 171
study circles 170
Yerrinbool Bahá‘í Centre of Learning 170
Bahá‘í temple, French's Forest 169
Bahaullah 168
Baird, B. 705
Baird, John 180
Bakaliaros, Dorotheos 480
Baker, Brian 329
Baker, Don 520
Baker, James 557
Baker, Mark 359, 360
Baker, Phil 328, 329
Balfour, Arthur 574
Balgo mission 104
Ballarat College 530
Balooch, Moosha 437
Band of Hope 38
Bandaranaike, S.W.R.D. 196
Bandler, Faith 91
Bands of Hope 176
Bangarra Dance Theatre 86
Banjalang Christian community 110
Bannerman, James 525
Banuri, Saiyed Mahomet Shah 442
Baptist Church, Brisbane 174
Baptist Inner City Ministries, Sydney 179
Baptist Theological College 175, 321
Baptist Union 518
Baptists 32, 127, 162, 171–80
Aboriginal and Islander Baptist Council of Australia 111
and alcohol 176
attendances 180
Bands of Hope 176
Baptist Tabernacle, Hobart 173
Blue Ribbon movement 176
Boys’ Brigade 178
Christian Endeavour 178
Collins Street Church 173
community leadership 172
community schools 178
conscription plebiscites 177, 178
contribution to society 172
conversions 58
discipleship communities 179
divorce 176
education 176
ethnic churches 179
evangelism 177
Footscray Church 178
Free Kindergarten 178
fundamentalism 640
and gambling 176
Girls’ Brigade 178
health and bioethical issues 178
homes for the aged 179
and Indigenous people 177
influence of 174, 176
lay leadership 172, 174
Local Opinion Leagues 176
marriage 176
Melbourne City Mission 173
membership 180
Merri Creek school 173
missonary work at Yuendumu 177
multicultural congregations 179
in New South Wales 175
Northern Territory Baptist Union 177
in Queensland 174
and the role of the state in religious affairs 36
role of women 177
schools 178
social and moral issues 179
social ministries 179
social reform movements 176
social role of 174, 180
in South Australia 174–5
Southern Baptists in the United States 62
Sunday observance 176
Sunday schools 178
training of clergy in Australia 10
Urban Mission Unit 179
in Victoria 175
Victorian Baptist Fund 175
welfare work 175, 179
and the White Australia Policy 177
Women's Christian Temperance Union 176
youth activities 178
Barankitse, Marguerite 226
Barber, Calvert 413
Bardon, Geoff 83
Barker, Bishop Frederic 10, 134
Barker, Major James 557
Barkley, Dr Alex 527
Barnardos 647
Barnett, Charles Benson 17
Barnett, Oswald 413, 690
Baron de Hirsch Memorial Aid Society 648
Barrett, William 376
Barry, Alex 181
Barton, Edmund 612, 614
Barwick, Justice Garfield 25
Barwick, Linda 81
Barzaghi, Subhana 206, 210
Basel Society 11
Basheer, Fred OAM 313
Basheer, Max AM 313
Bashir, Abu Bakr 642
Basilian Salvatorian Order 283
Batchelor, Stephen 209
Bates, Daisy 80
Bates, Frank 180
Bathurst Island mission 105
Bauer, Prof. Yehuda 372
Beagle Bay mission 104
Beahan, Senator Michael 614
Bean, Dr Jack 579
Bean, Margaret 175
Beckett, Jeremy 73
Beckford, J.A. 25
Beckx, Father General P.-J. 248, 249
Bede (Church historian) 120
Beechworth, Victoria 288
Begbie, H.S. 320
Beit-Marun monastery 279
Belarusan Orthodox Church 511
Belgic Confession 551
belief and non-belief 602–7, 626–8
educational profile 607
occupational profile 607
in young people 607
Belief.Net 656
Bell, Diane 80, 81, 82, 89, 707
Beltane Festival 515
Ben-Moshe, Danny 361
Benbrika, Abdul Nacer 462
Benedictine monks 274
benevolent asylums 173, 686
Benevolent Society 686, 687
Bennett, A.E. 579
Bennett, Mary Montgomery 84, 108
Bennett's Lane Soup Kitchen 694
Benney, Rev. J. 529
Benson, Irving 410, 410
Beovich, Matthew 244
Berkeley, Leo 201, 666
Bern, John 82
Berndt, Catherine H. 78, 79, 80, 81
Berndt, Ronald 71, 72, 78, 83, 92, 619
Berry, Alexander 525
Besant, Annie 155, 380, 578, 579
Bethel Temple 519
Bethesda Intermediate Hospital 558
Bethesda Lutheran mission 101
Betinis, Father Nikandros 481
Bialik College 366
Bible Christians 405, 406, 592
Bible Colleges 17
Bible Institutes 409
Bible, interpretation of 17, 641
Bible-Presbyterian Churches 545
Bible Training Institute 536
biblical scholarship 639
biblical theology movement 322
Bidawid, His Beatitude (Mar) Raphael I. 277
Biddle, Jennifer 81
Big Brother movement 647
Bigge, Commissioner John Thomas 9, 128
Bihn Xuyen 599
Billibellary 99
Birnbaum, Nathan 371
Birt, Henry Norbert 235
Bishop Andrey Velichky 495, 496, 497
Bishop, Bronwyn 455, 461, 706
Bjelke-Petersen, Sir Joh 47, 586
Black Women in Focus 85
Blackburn, Justice 619
Blackman, Alderman 496
Blair, Ron, The Christian Brothers 245
Blake, William 58
Blakiston, Hilary 190
Blavatsky, Helena Petrova 192, 200, 380, 572, 578
The Secret Doctrine 579
Blavatsky Lodge 579
Bloomfield River mission 101
Blue Ribbon movement 176
Blyth, Bishop 480
B’nai Akiva 355
B’nai B’rith 356
Boans Ltd 443
Boaz, Franz 75
Boddy, Alexander 518
Bodhi Farm 210
Bodhi Tree Forest Monastery 212
Bodhinyana Monastery, Western Australia 204
Boehler, Peter 127
Boer War 18, 241, 250
Bohemian Brethren 417
Bondan, Molly 580
Book of Mormon 375, 639, 640
Booth, General William 319, 554
aim of acquiring ‘vacant’ land in the British dominions 556
British imperialism 556
care and rearing of childen 559
colonies 556
emigration program 559
overseas colony in Australia 557
publications 555, 559
social scheme to alleviate poverty 555
and the ‘submerged 10th’ 556, 557
virtues of the Arcadian lifestyle 556, 558
Borg, Sonia 81
Borri, Cristoforo
Bosisto, Joseph 648
Bouma, Gary 695–6
Bourke, Governor Richard 9, 129
Box Hill Lutheran Church 398
Boyce, F.B. 137
Boyce, W.B. 406
Boyd, Robin 527
Boyz 4 Christ Concert 522
Brace-Govan, J. 695–6
Bracks, Steve 263, 283
Brady, Bishop John 237, 238
Brady, Pastor Don 92
Brahma 329
Bramhall, John 122
Brennan, Christopher 249
Brereton, Leo 84
Bresee, Phineas 470
Brethren 180–2
Aboriginal outreach 181
Australian Missionary Tidings magazine 181
Elders 181
evangelism 181
Evangelistic Mission 181
Exclusive Brethren
household baptism 181
membership
fundamentalism 181
Gospel Literature Outreach 182
Gospel Postal Work 181
lay leadership 181
membership
ministry in army camps 181
missionary work 97, 101, 181
in New South Wales 181
Open Brethren
believer's baptism 181
membership 182
missionary training home 182
in Queensland 101, 181
radio outreach 181
schools 182
in South Australia 181
Sunday schools 181
in Tasmania 180–1
theology 180
in Victoria 181
youth camps 181, 182
Brethren of the Common Life 267–9
Breward, Ian 584, 589
Brides of Christ television series 245, 246
Bright, Charles 176
Brigidine Sisters 276
Bring Out a Briton campaign 413
Bringing Them Home report 113, 589
Brisbane Hebrew Congregation 350
Brisbane, Thomas 9
Britain
Christianity in 120
monastic tradition 121
nationalism 8, 18
reformation of the Church in 122
See also United Kingdom
British and Foreign Bible Society 641
British Buddhist Society 213
British Christian Socialism 167
British-Israel World Federation 293
British Methodists Conference 10
‘British’ religions in Australia 57–8
British Society 574
British United Synagogue 19
Brodie, Rabbi Israel 351
Brodie, Veronica 82
Bromby, Rev. J.E. 248
Brother Bill's Social Settlement 690
Brotherhood of St Andrew, bush brotherhoods 136
Brotherhood of St Laurence 137, 690, 691, 693
Action Resource Centre 691
Brothers of the Christian Schools (La Salle Brothers) 266, 270
Brothers, Richard 58, 293
Broughton, Bishop William Grant 10, 129, 131, 134, 148, 646
Brown, Agnes 535
Brown, George 319, 409
Brown, Senator Bob 614–15
Brown, Willliam 180
Browne, Hugh Junor 573
Brownists 299
Bruce, J.M. 175
Brunton, Paul 335
Buckley, Prof. Jorunn 400–1, 402
Buckley, Vincent 38, 631
Buckness, William Wentworth 377
Budden, Chris 588, 589
Buddha Dharma Education Association 212
Buddha.Net 208
Buddhism 20, 22, 23, 182–213, 287–91, 603, 640
Abhidhamma 203
Buddha 182
concentration 185
cybersangha 193, 208, 212
Dependent Origination 185
desire (craving) 185
Dhamma 182
Eightfold Path 185
enlightenment 183, 203
forest monasteries 204
Four Noble Truths 185
growth of in Australia 65
ignorance 185
in India 190
and the internet 193, 208, 212
karma 184, 186, 203
Mahayana Buddhism, architecture of 205
Mahayana Buddhism (Great Vehicle) 65, 187–8, 203
arahats 187
architecture 205
bodhisattvas 188, 203
doctrines 188
meditation 193–4, 208
modern Chinese Buddhism 190–1
Fo Guang Shan Buddhism 190
Tzu Chi Buddhist Compassion Foundation 190
morality 194
Nan Tien Temple 20, 35
and nationalism 195
‘night-stand’ Buddhists 208
nirvana 185–7
origins in the Middle Ganges Valley 194
Pali Canon 184, 187
Abhidhamma 184
Suttas 184, 203
Vinaya 184, 186, 191, 203
political activism by monks 194, 196, 198
and politics 194–8
role of a ruler 194
role of women 701
Sangha 182, 210–12
lack of hierarchy 186
and the laity 186
scriptures 184
Sinhalese Buddhist identity 195
spread in the West 191, 193
suffering (dukkha) 184, 185, 186, 203
Tantra 203
Tantric Buddhism 188
teachings
Aggregates 184–5
Four Noble Truths 184
oral transmission of 183
and Theosophy 191–3
Theravada Buddhism 65, 183, 187, 203
Hinayana 188
mendicant monks and nuns 211
merit-earning 186
spread of 195
Tibetan Buddhism 65
traditionalism in 36
Vajrayana Buddhism (Diamond Vehicle) 188–9, 203
Gelug-pa school 189
Karma-pa school 189
reincarnation 189
Vipassanā, Insight Meditation 193, 210
migration to the English-speaking world
in the West 193
Western converts to 193
Zen Buddhism 189–90
meditation 189
Rinzai 189, 192
in the United States 192
See also Buddhism in Australia
Buddhism in Australia 65, 182–213, 663, 664, 666–7
activities available 204
arrival of monks in 36
Australian Insight Meditation Network 210
Bodhi Farm 210
Buddha Dharma Education Association 212
Buddhist organisations 203, 207
Buddha.Net 208, 212
census information on 198–9
Chinese immigrants 199
converts 208
Dharmanada Community 210
diversity of 198
Federation of Australian Buddhist Councils 207
Great Stupa of Universal Compassion, Bendigo 205
immigrants from South East Asia 198, 202
inclusion in the census question on religion 26
Indochinese temple, Mr Pritchard 212
insight meditation 210
Insight Teachers Circle of Australia 210
inter-tradition communication 207
lack of hierarchy 206
meditation 211
numbers of 664
ordination of Australian-born people 212
reasons for not identifying as Buddhist 208
secular Dhamma practice 209
Sinhalese cane sugar workers 199
social work 207
Sydney Insight Meditators 209–10
temples 202, 203, 652, 666
Tibetan Buddhism 205
Vajrayana Buddhism (Diamond Vehicle) 206
Vietnamese immigrants 198
Vipassanā, Insight Meditation 209
and young people 714
Zen Buddhism 206
Buddhist Federation of Australia 20
Buddhist Society of New South Wales 201, 213, 666
meditation and mind-training 201
Metta journal 201
Buddhist Society of Western Australia 204
Bulgarian Empire 493
Bulgarian Orthodox Church 494, 511
Bullen, Len 200, 201
Burdett Select Committee on the Church of Scientology Incorporated 563
Burgmann, Bishop E.H. 137
Burley Griffin, Walter 16, 155
Burma 196
Alliance of All Burmese Buddhist Monks 198
legitimising force of Buddhism 197
National League for Democracy 197
State Law and Order Restoration Council 197
Burma Socialist Program Party 197
Burnum Burnum 169
Burnett, Matthew 407
Burnouf, Eugène 191
Burns, Corporal J.D. 534
Burridge, Kenelm 90
Burton, John 409
Busch, Rollie 586
Bush Church Aid Society 15, 136
Bush, George W. 621
Bussau, David 322
Byles, Marie 201
Byzantine Empire 478
the arts in 478
proselytising 478
Cadman, Alan 327
Caerularius, Michael 217
Cahill, Margaret 272
Cahill, Thomas 249
Cairns, Rev. Dr. Adam 529
Cajetan, Cardinal 384
Call to Australia 539
Calley, Malcolm 92, 93
Calvin, John 123, 218, 640
Calvinism 124, 387, 388, 525, 551
Calvinistic Methodists 532, 543, 592
Calwell, Arthur 353, 653, 658
Camden College School 301
Cameron, Dr Peter 528
Cameron, Rev. Peter 542
Cameron, Rev. Donald 540
Camfield, Anne 103
Camfield, Henry 103
Campaign to Eradicate Indigenous Poverty 114
Campbell, Alexander 295
Campbell, David 527
Campbell, Thomas 295
Campion College, University of Melbourne 252
Campion, Edmund 235, 236, 243, 671
Campion Society 38, 251, 260
Canisius College, Sydney 251, 252
Cannon 702–3
Canons of Dordt 551
Cantle, Merle 181
Cao Dai 65, 599
Cape Bedford mission 101
Careforce Church 162, 520
Carey Baptist Boys’ Grammar School, Melbourne 178
Carey, Hilary 693
Carey, Samuel Pearce 176, 228
Carlile, Sir Edward 215
Carlton Hebrew congregation 349
Carnarvon mission 104
Carnley, Dr Peter 144
Caro, Joseph 371
Caroline Divines 126
Carr, Archbishop 241
Carr, Bob 327
Carr, Goold 233
Carr, Thomas 233
Carrington, Don 588, 589
Carroll, Bishop 630
Carroll, Seforosa 589
Carrolup mission 104
Carter, Howard 520
Carter, Stephen 627
Cartledge, David 161, 520
Cartledge, Marie 161
Carvosso, Benjamin 406
Cassab, Judy 359
Castan, Ron 359
Catch the Fire Ministries 214–15, 611, 661
influence of 214
and the Liberal Party 214
political orientation 214
Catechetical School of Alexandria 305
Cathcart, William 519
Cathedral of St Alban 381
Catholic Action 38, 260–1
Catholic Apostolic Church 215–16
influence of 215
Catholic Church 33, 216–21, 284
apostles 225
beliefs of 216, 222
the Eucharist 220
incarnation of Jesus Christ 219
Jesus Christ 219–20
resurrection of Jesus Christ 219
resurrection of the body 222
sacredness of human life 220
the Trinity 219
celibacy of the clergy 225, 386
charismatic services 643
Christian life and morality 222–3
clergy sexual abuse 145
Code of Canon Law 226
and Eastern rite churches 280
college of bishops 228–9
college of cardinals 226
Communion of saints 221–2, 226
Mary 221–2, 228
and communism, 441/7 227
compulsory Catholic schooling 12
Congregation for the Evangelization of the Peoples 229
Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith 229, 230
and contraception 38
contribution to society 227
critical study of Scripture 219
criticisms of 385–6
Crusades 218
declining authority of 629
dissenters 124
diversity between East and West 217
eastern rite churches 217, 652
Ecumenical Councils 225–6
ecumenical movement 219
emigration program 648
history of 216–26
the 12th century 217–18
the 20th century 219
after the French Revolution 218–19
apostolic and patristic periods 227
Christendom 216
early Middle Ages 217–18
late Middle Ages 218
modern age 218–19
second to fourth centuries 216
and the Holy Roman Empire 29
ideas of duty and service 690
and immigration 651
indulgences 383–4
influence of 37–8
international structure of 54
leadership 627
liturgy 219, 223
Benediction 224
Stations of the Cross 224
Missionaries of the Sacred Heart 101
monastic orders 267–9
mystical tradition 222
natural law tradition 622
and Nazism 227
opposition to abortion 704
Pontifical Urban University (Urbaniana) 230
the Pope 225, 227
election of 227
infallibility 225
role of 225
post-war immigration and 42
practices 223–5
Advent and Christmas 223
Book of Blessings 225
devotion to the Sacred Heart 239
differences between Eastern and Roman Churches 280
Forty Hours Adoration 239
Lent and Easter 223
liturgical seasons 223–4
reservation of the consecrated bread in a tabernacle 224
rosary 225
sanctoral calendar 224
sign of the cross 224
Sunday Mass 223
and reconciliation 113
religious orders 226, 651, 670
Christian Brothers 239
discipline of 258
Jesuits 105, 218, 239, 253
monastic orders 226
role of 228
Sisters of St Joseph 12
role of nuns 273, 275
Roman Curia 226
Sacraments 221, 224–5
anointing the sick 224
baptism 221
Commendation of the Dying 224
confession 224
the Eucharist 221, 223
holy orders 225
last rites 224
marriage 224
penance 224
Scriptures and tradition of 221
scholarship in 221
Second Vatican Council
See Second Vatican Council
social justice 219, 227, 259
spiritual practice 24
and state aid for schools 669
structure of 216, 220, 225–6
apostolic succession 228
diocesan structure 225, 228
Episcopal College 225
foundation of 227–8
teaching Brothers 670
Alexian Brothers 267
Brethren of the Common Life 267–9
declining numbers 271–2
education of the poor 268
physical and sexual abuse 271
theology 218
Vatican diplomatic service 226
See also Catholic Church in Australia
Catholic Church in Australia 6, 229, 241
and abortion 263
Apostolic Delegates 229
archbishops 230
attendances 263, 265
Catholic Education Conference 243
Catholic Education Offices 275, 672
Catholic Family Welfare Bureau 691
Catholic Weekly 660
Catholic Women's Social Guild 691
Chaldean eparchy 229
clergy sexual abuse 265, 271
convicts 236–7
diocesan structure 229
diversity across the country 229
Eastern Church diocese 229
growth of 230
economic profile 672
education 244, 669, 670–1, 672
convent schools 274
primary schools 12, 37, 263, 668, 670–1, 678
profile of students 672
English Benedictine clergy 229, 230, 235, 237, 255
European influences 234–5
and the First World War 242
growth of 652
hospitals 274
idealisation of women 244
influence of 32, 37, 255, 265, 672
Irish character of the Church in Australia 37
Irish clergy 237, 238, 243, 682
Irish cultural influences 231, 243
Irish origins of 59, 230–4, 235, 669
Italian influences 235
and the labour movement 257, 258–60, 690
left traditions in 264
Melkite eparchy 229
migrant chaplains 229
mission work among Indigenous people 90, 245
in the Northern Territory 105
in Queensland 100
in Victoria 100
in Western Australia 104
mixed marriages 244
multiculturalism in 230
obedience to the law 243
ordination of women 708
organisation of 229–30
orphanages 274, 686
parish newspapers 660
plenary council in 1885 234
politics and 26
anti-communism 261
beliefs 258
conscience votes 265
economic rationalism 264
history 253–66
and political parties 261
population 19, 48, 60, 229
racism 245
radio station 2SM 656
religious orders 229
religious orders of sisters and the Irish bishops 240
role of nuns 272–6
Daughters of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart 274
Daughters of the Sacred Heart 274
declining numbers 272
education 273, 274
history of 272
Little Sisters of the Poor 687
Loreto nuns 274
and migrant communities 276
mission work 272
Missionaries of the Sacred Heart 274
Nazareth House Sisters 274
Poor Sisters of Nazareth 687
Presentation Sisters 274
role of 272
Sisters of Charity 272, 274, 687
Sisters of Mercy 272, 274, 687
Sisters of St Joseph 272, 274
Sisters of the Good Samaritan 272, 687
Sisters of the Good Shepherd 274, 687
St John of God Sisters 274, 275, 687
welfare and health services 273, 274
role of women 244–5
Roman influence 230
same-sex unions 266
Schools Spiritual Project 713
settlement patterns 44, 47
social activities in parishes 244
social justice 266, 275–6
Social Justice Statement 616, 701
social movements 263
and state aid for schools 269
structure and leadership in 226–35
teaching Brothers in 266–71, 272
Brothers of the Christian Schools (La Salle Brothers) 270
Christian Brothers (of Ireland) 270, 687
declining numbers 270–6
Marist Brothers 270
and monks and priests 266–7
‘The Grail’ 245
toleration of in early Australia 9
in Victoria 38
Ukrainian Catholic community 230
Ukrainian eparchy 229
welfare work 264, 273, 274, 686–7
Catholic Church of the Byzantine Rite 283
Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace 111, 264
Catholic Family Welfare Bureau 691
Catholic Federation 241
Catholic Health 275
Catholic Social Studies Movement 38, 251, 260, 261, 615, 623, 629–32
industrial groups 260
political agenda of 631
political aspirations 630
secrecy and modus operandi 631
Catholic Weekly 660
Catholic Welfare Australia 651
Catholic Women's Social Guild 242, 246, 690, 691
Catholic Worker newspaper 38, 251, 260, 631
Cave, W. 180
Cawte, John 80
Celebrating 2000 618
Centacare 651, 693
Central Catholic Library, Melbourne 251
Central Missions, Social Role Valorisation 692
Centre for Urban Research and Action 692
Centre of Excellence for Islamic Studies 456, 463
Cerretti, Archbishop 229
Chabad 355
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu 323
ethic of inclusiveness 324
Chaldean Catholic Churches 276
Aramaic language 278
Chaldean Eparchy for Oceania 277
Hume Multicultural Planting Festival 278
and Mandaeans 403
objectives of 277
programs for the elderly 278
role of 277
Saturday primary school 277
social welfare work 278
values 277
Chaldeans 162, 276–9
Challis, John 630
Chalmers, Thomas 525
Chamarette, Christabel 112
Chamberlain, Hon. Joseph 569
Champagnat, Marcellin 268
Champion, H.H. 166
Chandab, Tagred 465
Chapman, Israel 347
charismatic movement 161, 321
Charlemagne 217
Charles II (king of England) 125
Charles Stuart I (king of England) 125–6
Charles V (Emperor) 386, 387
Peace of Augsburg 388
Charlesworth, Dr Max 635
Chatwin, Bruce 94
Cheng Yen, Venerable 190
Chenrezig Institute 205
Cheong Cheok Hong 285
Cheong, James 285
Cheong Peng Nam 285
Chetniks 506, 507, 508
Chi, Tony 588
Chicago World's Fair 610
Chidvilasananda, Gurumayi 335
Chifley Labor government, immigration program 19
Children's Aid Society 166
China 287, 290, 502
China Inland Mission 319
Chinese Buddhist Society of Australia 202
Chinese Catholic Pastoral Centre 287
Chinese Christians 287, 284–7, 288
‘missions to’ 285
number of churches 286
reasons for attraction of Christianity to 285
social role of the Churches 287
and the White Australia Policy 285
Chinese Joss House 289
Chinese people in Australia 64
distribution of 286
‘no religion’ answers in the Census 288
population 286, 287
Chinese Presbyterian Church of Sydney 64
Chinese religions 64, 287–91, 663
distribution of 48
temples and burial grounds 35, 288
traditionalism in 36
Chinmaya Mission 335, 336
Chinmayananda, Swami 335
Chisholm, Caroline 14, 30, 237, 647, 687
Family Colonization Loan Society 647
Female Immigrants’ Home 647
Chislett, David 144
Cho, David Yonggi 521
Chohili, Ganzibra Salah 402
Christadelphians 291, 598
adherents in Australia 292
beliefs of 291, 292
biblical interpretation 291
The Christadelphian journal 291
isolation from political society 292
lack of professional clergy 291
Statement of Faith 291
in the United States 640
Christendom 217, 387
Christian Brothers (of Ireland) 239, 266, 268, 269, 648, 670, 687
class action against 271
Christian City Churches 326, 521
international network of churches 521
membership 598
Christian Community High School, Sydney 178
Christian Conference of Asia 588
Christian Democrats 32
Christian Endeavour 178
Christian Israelites 36, 292
in Australia 293
Christian Library 405
Christian Life Centres 519
Christian Outreach Centre 326, 520, 521
international network of churches 521
membership 598
Christian (Reformed) churches and institutions 551
Christian Reformed Churches of Australia 552
Christian Research Association 41
Christian Revival Crusade 293, 520, 598
membership 598
Christian Revival Society 554
Christian schools
after the Second World War 673
creation science 616
growth of 672–4
Christian Scientists 17, 61, 62, 293–4, 599
in Australia 294
beliefs about disease and illness 293, 294
biblical interpretation 294
missionary work in Australia 61
registered practitioners 294
Christian Social Order Movement 413
Christian Sociology 176
Christianity
in Australia 603, 683, 684
in Britain 120
in Egypt 305
ideas of duty and service 689
images of women in 698
resistance to change 702
role of denominations in Australia 30
social Christianity 137
social gospel 266, 689
spirituality and 24
Sunday schools 712
Christians and Jews 636
Christophoros Knitis, Metropolitan 482, 483
Chrysoloras, Manuel 478
Chryssavgis, Miltiades 491–2
Church and Life/Tserkva I Zhittia journal 284
Church and Schools Corporation 129, 668
church and state relations 12–13, 29, 608–20
Church Life Centre Darlinghurst 161
Church Missionary Society 97, 109, 129, 135
and Indigenous people 11, 105
Church of All Nations 692
Church of England 57
Anglo-Catholics 119
Archbishop of Canterbury 122
Book of Common Prayer 124, 126
Broad Church 118–19
buildings 128
Caroline Divines 126
changes of name 149
charitable and spiritual care 646
continuity with the teachings of Jesus 122
Counter Reformation 122
creeds 124
divisions in 119
Elizabethan Settlement 124
establishment of 29, 677
evangelicals 119
general synod 131
High Churchmen 119, 125
mission work 90, 99, 101, 104
and Nonconformists 30
public profile of theological debate 126
and the Roman Catholic Church 127
statements of faith, forms of worship and canon law 124
Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion 123, 124
See also Anglicans
Church of Ireland 524
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints 17, 62, 375–9
See also Mormons
Church of New Jerusalem 575–6
Church of Saints Cyril and Methodius 495
Church of Satan 560
Church of Scientology 561–3, 600
Church of Scotland 10, 29, 166, 523, 524, 542
‘disruption’ of 9, 57, 526
Church of South India 584, 634
Church of St Clement of Ohrid 497
Church of St George 496, 497
Church of St John the Beloved 281
Church of St Nicholas 498
Church of Sveta Petka 498, 499
Church of the Immaculate Conception, Hawthorn 249
Church of the Torres Strait 148
Churches of Christ 17, 61, 295–9
activism for Aboriginal people 109
alternative churches 298
anti-clerical convictions 295
baptism by full immersion 296
beliefs of 296
centrality of the New Testament 296
changes in 297
chaplains for inter-church agencies 297
Church of Christ, Melbourne 299
churches in Australia 295
United States-trained evangelists 295
ethnic churches 298
Federal Conference 297
independence of local congregations 296
leadership 295
and mega-churches 297–8
missionary work 297
missionary work in Australia 97
missions in Western Australia 104
in North America 299
number of churches 298
origins of 295–6
profile of the membership 296, 298–9
active membership 298
age profile 299
declining numbers 298
economic profile 298
educational profile 298
and reconciliation 113
social and community services 297
State Conferences 296, 297
traditional practices 296–7
in the United States 640
Churches of Christ (Non-denominational) 299
membership 299
City Christian Churches 598
City Missions 540
CityLife mega-church 327, 329, 521
Clark, Andrew Inglis 582
Clark, John Howard 582
Clark, Manning 6, 8
Clarke, David 327, 615
Clarke, Philip 86
Clean Up Australia Day 379
Clear, Madeline 84
Cleland, Bilal 456
Clifford, John 176
cloning 39
Clouston, T. 527
Clovis (king of the Franks) 217
Clow, Rev. James 529
Coffey, Essie 81
Cohen, John J. 351
Cohen, P.J. 346
Cohen, Rabbi Francis Lyon 351
Cole, Edward William 573
Colebrook Home 102
Collins, Lieutenant-Governor David 74
Collins, Paul 520
Collins Street Baptist Church 98, 173
Colombo Plan 445–6
Colonial and Continental Church Society 10
Colonial Bishophrics Fund 10
Colonial Church Society 10
Colonial Land and Emigration Commission 9
Colton, John 406
Columba 120
Commonwealth and Continental Church Society 15
Commonwealth Employment Service 264
Communist Party of Australia 260
Community of Christ 598
Community of the Holy Name (Anglican) 133, 689
Community of the Sisters of the Church (Anglican) 133
Conan Doyle, Sir Arthur 573–4
Confucianism 288–90
adherents in Australia 288
inclusion in the census question on religion 26
temples (joss-houses) 289
Congregation of Lebanese Missionaries 281
Congregational Federation of Australia 304
Congregational Union of Australia 300, 303
Congregationalists 299–304, 598
accommodation for university students 301
deacons 300
ecclesiology 300, 301, 302
and evangelical theology 302
independence of local congregations 300, 302
Independent Church, Collins Street 303
individual interpretation of faith 300
liberalism 302
ordination of women 300
philanthropy 302
political activity 301, 302
Public Questions Committee 302
Puritan intellectualism 302
schools 301
theological colleges 301
theology 299
training of clergy in Australia 10
and the Uniting Church of Australia 21, 302
voluntarism 301
women's participation in leadership 301
Coniston Station massacre 108
Connelly, Mary 346
Conner, Kevin 329, 520
Conner, Mark 329, 521
Conolly, Father Philip 229, 236, 646
conscience 625, 629
conscription plebiscites 18
Constantine 216, 472
contraception 38, 39, 704
Cooerwull Academy 530
Cook, Captain James 5, 73, 87
Cook, Thomas 407
Cooper, Daniel 347
Cooper, G.W. 174
Cooper, Willliam 108, 109
Coptic Church Review 306
Coptic Orthodox Church 304–11, 510
in Australia 311, 307–11
the Church 307
Coptic Youth Centre 308
diocesan structure 307–8
education 308–10
hostel 309
integration with other Australians 310
monasteries 309
orphanages 309
primary schools 308–9
student societies at universities 308
Sunday schools 308
Theological College 310
beliefs of 305, 306, 307
in Canada 306
contribution to Christianity 305
Coptic Church Review 306
Coptologia 306
in Europe 306
Holy Synod 306
importance of family and culture 309
membership 474
mission and evangelism 306–7
monasticism 309
persecution of Copts 305
in the present time 306
schism 305–6
St Cyril the Great 305
theological college 306
theological dialogue 306
in the United States 306
Coptic Youth Centre 308
Coptologia 306
Cornelius, Stella 580
Cornfield, Victor 353
Corranderrk mission 99
Cosgrove, Major-General Peter 265
Cosin, John 126
Costello, Peter 327, 455, 618, 705
Costello, Rev. Tim 176, 179, 180
Coughlan, W.G. 138
Council for Aboriginal Affairs 110
Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation 111
Council for Christians and Jews 636
Council of Basel 479
Council of Chalcedon 305, 473
Council of Constance 218, 219, 385
Council of Ferrara 479
Council of Florence 479
Council of Nicea 225, 305, 581
Council of the Greek Community of Sydney 483
Council of Trent 218
Council of Whitby 121
Country Party 259, 262
Cowal Creek mission 101
Cowen, Sir Zelman 658
Cox, Harvey 414
Cramer, Sir John 261
Cranmer, Archbishop Thomas 122
CRC Churches International 598
‘creation science’ 39, 165
Cromwell, Oliver 125
Cromwell, Richard 125
Cromwell College, University of Queensland 301
Crook, William Pascoe 304
Crossways Baptist Church 215, 326, 520
Croucher, P. 202
crusaders 321
crusades 473, 631
Crystal Cathedral (United States) 326
Cullen, Cardinal Paul 233, 239, 241
cultural diversity, and religion 655–62
Cummeragunja
Cunningham, William 525
Curr, Edward Micklethwaite 74
cybersangha 193, 208, 212
Cyril V 282
Cyril VI Thanas 282
Dahdah, Father 280
Dalai Lama 189, 203, 700
visits to Australia 65, 205
Daley, Henrietta 294
Dalley, William Bede 255
Dalmatov 415
Dalton, Joseph 248, 249
Dalton McCaughey Library 634
Daly River mission 105
Damianos, Partiarch of Jerusalem 481
Dampier, William 73
Danby, Michael 358
Danglow, Rabbi Jacob 351
Daniel, Bishop 307, 309
Daniel, Jean 370, 371, 373
Daniel, Metropolitan Mar Yacoub 164
Darby, J.N. 180
Darebin council, Melbourne 337
Darling, Governor 346
Darling, John 175
Darling, Richard 9
Darmo, Mar Toma 163
Darwin Inter-Church movement 303
Darwish, Bishop Issam John 283
Daughters of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart 274
Daughters of the Sacred Heart 274
Davey, Arthur 343
Davids, T.W. Rhys 191
Davidson, A.T 160
Davidson, Maxell 581
Davies, Bishop Glenn 142
Davies, Bishop Ross 144, 145
Davies, John 347
Davies, Julie-Anne 208
Davies, Michael John 347
Davies, Stan 110
Davis, Reverend Alexander Barnard 348
Davis, Edward 347
Davis, Elias 346
Day, Edward George 576
de Acosta, Jose
Dé Istar, Zohl 81
de Jong, Prof. J.W. 184
de Kerilleau, Gabriel Louis Marie Huon 648
de la Salle, John Baptist 268
de La Vallée Poussin, Louis 191
de Lacy, Sister Baptist 238
Deakin, Alfred 16, 166, 200, 573, 576, 578, 614
Deakin, Pattie 573
Dean, Fatteh Mohammed 444
Deane, Governor-General William 265
Debre Selam The Holy Saviour Church 314
Deck family 181
Deen, Hanifa 214, 456, 465
Deenick, Rev. J.W. 552
Deenick, Tony 552
Defence of Government Schools case 610, 657
deinstitutionalisation 692
Dellal, Ibrahim 449
DellaPergola, Sergio 373
Delly, His Beatitude (Mar) Emmanuel III 277
democracy 623, 625, 627, 662
Democratic Labor Party 262, 615, 630
Denham, Digby Frank 174
denominations, social bases of 3
Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs Community Settlement Scheme 461
Depression 19, 137, 690
Dertades (king of Armenia) 156
Dervish, Beja 437
Desai, Morarji 600
Despotoski, Father Naum 497, 499
Deutscher, Isaac 371, 372
Devanampiyatissa (king of Sri Lanka) 187, 195
Dhammadinna, Bhikkhuni 20, 201
Dhammasara Nuns Monastery, Western Australia 204
Dharma Realm Buddhist Association 192
Dharmanada Community 210
Dharmapala, Anagarika 192
Dicker, Gordon 414, 588
Diet of Worms 385
Dilke, Charles 5
Dimitri, Bishop 508
Dimitrov, Kliment 497
Dioa, Jason 588
Dionisije, Bishop 507, 508
Dionysios 480
Disciples of Christ 17
Divine Light Mission 335, 600
Dixon, Father James 236, 646
Dixson, Sir Hugh 175
Djondalu, Hector 91
Do Care 692
Dodson, Mick 113
Dodson, Patrick 92, 112, 245
Dominicans 217
Doomadgee mission 101
Dorcas Societies 407, 686
Dositej, Bishop 494, 497
Douglas, Adye 613
Dowie, John Alexander 158, 215, 518
Dowling, Henry 172
Dowling, Rev. Theodore 480
Downing, Mrs Cecelia 177
Draper, Daniel 406
Drayton, Dean 586
Dreher, T. 707
Dreyfus, George 359
Drower, Lady Ethel 401, 403
Druids 515, 516, 603, 680
Drummond, Rev. Ralph 529
Druze 312–13
arrival in Australia 312
beliefs of 312
Book of Wisdom (Kitab Al-Hikmah) 312
membership 312
Duffy, Sir Charles Gavan 255
Duguid, Charles 15, 110, 535
Duhig, Archbishop James 242, 251, 257
Dulhi Gunjay Mission 104
Duncan, Bruce 630, 631
Duncan, P.B. 158, 520
Duncan, W.A. 238
Dunn, Clara 665–6
Dunn, Hyde 665–6
Dunn, James 406
Dunn, Max 200
Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury 121
Durkheim, Emile 22, 75, 77
Dusan (king of Serbia) 504
Dussart, Françoise 81
Dutch Reformed Church 551
confessions of faith 551
schisms in 551
Duthie, Gill 413, 613
Dutney, Andrew 584
Dwyer, Michael 256
Earl, H.S. 295
Earle, John 16
East Asian Christian Conference 634
East Perth mission 104
East Timor 276, 650
Eastern Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands 482
Eastern Orthodox Church 474
Eastern Orthodox churches 674
Eastern rite Catholics 280
Eastern Roman Empire 478
Ebenezer church 525
Ebenezer mission 99, 417
Eck, Johann 384, 385
Eckankar 61, 601
Eclectic Society 8
Ecumenical Migration Centre 652, 653
ecumenism
after 11 September 2001 637–8
in Australia 634–5
early period of 633–4
state bodies for 635
Eddy, Mary Baker 17, 294
beliefs of 294
healing activities 294
Manual of the Mother Church 294
Edgar, A.R. 407, 688
Edgar (king of England) 121
Edge International 521
Edinburgh Missionary Council 633
Edinburgh Missionary Society 533
education 12, 712
Edward River mission 101
Egypt 29
Christianity in 305
immigration to Australia 307
monasticism 305
Einfeld, Justice Marcus 359
El-Imam, Sheikh 426
El-Khoury, Father Paul 280
El Masri, Hazem 456
Elcho Island Adjustment Movement 68
Elcho Island mission 105
Elim Foursquare churches 159, 518, 519
Elizabeth Fry Retreat 548
Elizabeth I (queen of England) 122, 123
excommunication by the Pope 123
Elkin, Adolphus Peter 76, 94, 108
Ellen White Estate Inc. 565
Elliot, Sumner Locke 381
Elliott, Gilbert 578
Elwood Hebrew Congregation 355
Ely, Richard 610
embryonic stem cell research 39, 265, 266, 629
Emerald River mission 105
Emigration Gazette 559
Emmanuel College, Queensland University 539
Emmaus Bible School, Sydney 182
Engels, Frank 638
England
Act Against Puritans 123
Act of Settlement 126
Act of Uniformity 123
anti-Catholicism 255
civil war 125
presbyterianism 125
Enlightenment 6, 8, 23, 318, 524, 581
Enticknap, Charles 158, 520
Enticknap family
Enticknap, Will 158
Episcopal Church of England and Ireland 7
Episcopal Church (United States) 119
ordination of homosexuals 119
ordination of women 119
Erasmus 386
Ernabella mission 103, 535
Esai 189
Esotericism 17
Essendon Grammar 531, 538
Esther, Sister 481
Ethelwold, Bishop of Winchester 121
Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church 314–16, 510
Administrative Council 315
apostolic succession 315
in Australia
education and counselling 315–16
homework support group 315
membership 315
social role of 316
current situation of 316–17
Debra Selam The Holy Saviour Church 314, 314, 316
doctrines and practices 315
Blessed Virgin Mary 315
confession 315
services 315
festivals 316
in Melbourne 314–15
persecution in Ethiopia 316
Ethnic Community Councils 337, 674
Ethnic Evangelical churches 513
ethnicity, and religious identity 53
Eureka Stockade 239, 254
Eureka Street journal 250
Europe, religions in 59
euthanasia 265, 615, 621
evangelical Christianity 317–22
Evangelical Lutheran Church Federation 393
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Australia 393, 557
Evangelical Lutheran General Synod 393
Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Australia 393
Evangelical Presbyterian Church 544
evangelicalism 7, 29, 317–22
bible literalism 36
biblical experientialism 317, 321
conservative 321–2
and conversions 689
freedom of conscience 320
history in Australia 320
and Billy Graham 321
fundamentalism 320–1
influence of 322
institutions 321
international 17
liberal 320–1
missionary work in Australia 319–20
recognition of Aboriginal cultures 319
observation of the Sabbath 317
Pentecostal and charismatic developments in 321
a reactionary movement 318
a reform movement 317–18
Reformed 321
social conscience 322
Sunday schools movement 317
vision of work in Australia 318
Evans, Andrew 161, 327, 329, 520
Evans, Ashley 329
Evans, Ken 337
Evans, Russell 329
Evans, T.J. 159
Evatt, Dr 261, 630
Exclusive Brethren 601, 621
household baptism 181
membership
See also Brethren
Executive Council of Australian Jewry 356, 358, 375
Eyre, Edward John 80
Ezekiel Tsoukalas, Archbishop 486, 486, 487, 488, 490
Fa Ngum (king of Laos) 195
Fahan Presbyterian Girls’ College, Hobart 539
Fahey, John 263
Fahour, Ahmed 456
Fahy, John 251
Fairbridge Farm settlements 647
Faith and Order Movement 634
Faith and Victory Church 522
Falk, Rabbi Leib Aisack 352
Fallen Sisters Home 558
Falun Dafa 290–1
Falun Gong 65, 288, 290–1
The Epoch Times newspaper 290
illegality in China 290
nature of 290
Falwell, Jerry 643
Family First Party 32, 162, 327
Family of God 601
Farrelly, Father Adrien 561
Farrow, Luch 518
Fattah, Randa Abdel 465
Fearnside, ‘Mick’ 580
Federal Aborigines Board of the Churches of Christ 112
Federal B’nai B’rith 358
Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders 91, 110
Federal Jewish National Fund 358
Federal Schools Commission 657, 671
Federal United Israel Appeal 358
Federation of Australian Buddhist Councils 207
membership 207
Federation of Australian Jewish Welfare Societies 358
Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils 637
Federation of Greek Communities 484, 486, 487
Fehmi, Sheikh 449
Feiglin, Abe 350
Feiglin, Bere 349–51
Feiglin, Moshe 349–51
Fein, Helen 370
Fejo, Rev. Wally 91
Fellowship of Congregational Churches 304
female deities 698
Female Factory 238
female genital mutilation 468, 705
Female Immigrants’ Home 647
Female Orphan School 685
Female School of Industry 685
Ferguson, Graeme 588
Ferguson, William 90, 108
Fernando, Marion 578
Ferrar, Nicholas 126
Festival of Light 31, 32, 178
Fielding, Steven 32, 327
Fiji 337
Fiji Uniting Church 513
Filaret, Patriarch of Kiev 512
Finke River Mission 397
Finnis Springs mission 102
Fintona school 531
First Church of Satan 560
First Satanic Church 560
First Vatican Council 228
First World War 18, 445
Fischer, Tim 265
Fisher, Andrew 532
Fisher, Archbishop Geoffrey 132, 153
Fishkoff, Sue 355
Fison, Rev. Lorimer 74, 409
Fitchett, Rev. William Henry 16, 407, 409
Fitzpatrick, Kathleen 245
Fitzroy Crossing mission 104
Flierl, Johann 102, 397
Flower, Bessie 104
Fludernik, Monika 465
Flying Doctor Service 15, 530, 536, 545
Flynn, Rev. John 15, 530, 536
Fo Guang Shan Buddhism 205
Food-For-Life program 324
Foote, James 174
Footscray Church 178
Forrest River mission 104, 108
Forsyth, Samuel 410
Forward in Faith Australia 144
Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition 205, 206
Fowler, David 174
Fowler, George Swan 175
Fox Entertainment Group 656
Fox, Leah, Margaret and Catherine 572, 575
Frackleton, Rev. Dr W.S. 534
Frame, Bishop Tom 149
Framlingham mission 100
Franciscans 217
Franz, Frederick 343
Fraser Liberal government 671
Fraser, Malcolm 457
Fraser, Simon 610
Frazer, Sir James 74
Freadman, Richard 360
Frederick the Wise 385, 387
Frederick William III (king of Prussia) 388, 389
Free Church of Scotland 9, 10, 166, 525, 526
Free Hungarian Reformed Church of the United States 552
Free Presbyterian Church in New South Wales 528
Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland 529, 544, 647
Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster 544
Free Reformed Churches of Australia 552
Free Serbian Church 504, 506–7
in Australia 507–9
influences on 508
weekend schools 507
Free Serbian church, Canberra 474, 505
Free Serbian Church of America and Canada 508
Free Serbian Orthodox Church 508
Free Trade party 259
Freedom newspaper 260
Freeman, Catherine 169
Freeman's Journal 238–9
Freemasons 258
Freier, Archbishop Philip 148
Freud, Sigmund 75
Friendly Brothers 686
Friends’ School, Hobart 548, 549
Friends World Committee for Consultation 549
Fritsche, Pastor Gotthard Daniel 389
Fry, Elizabeth 546
Full Gospel Church 598
Fuller, Florence 578
Fuller Theological Seminary, United States 521
fundamentalism 38, 39, 62, 165, 607, 623, 639–44
in Australia 643–4
Islamic 642–3, 651
literal 640–1
and schisms 641
sects that separate children from famillies 644
and terrorism 643
Fuzes, Peter 359
Gair, Senator Vince 262, 615
Gajiyuma 105
Gale, Fay 80
Gallipoli mosque 35
Gallop, Geoff 207
Ganguly, Debjani 190
Garden Grove Community Church (United States) 326
Gardner, Gerald 515
Garland, Canon D.J. 137
Garlett, Sealin 590
Garma Festival 86
Garrett, Floyd 344
Garrett, John 634
Gateway Baptist Church 521
Gaudiya Vaishnavism 323
Geelong College 530, 531, 539
Geelong Grammar School 673
gender and religion 695, 696–8, 702
Gendutrup 189
George, Archbishop Ian 146
Gerard mission 102
Gerassimos, Patriarch of Jerusalem 481
Gereformeerde Kerken in Nederland 551, 552
Germany
anti-semitism 649
and Australia 391
and the Catholic Church 385–6
Elector John George 388
Elector John Sigismund, conversion to Calvinism 388
electoral principle 386
Electorate of Brandenburg 388
Peasant Wars 387
political situation of 386
Thirty Years War 388
Getzler, Israel 34
Gewargis, Mar Addai II 163
Gibbons, Geraldine 272
Gibbs, Pearl 91
Gibney, Bishop Matthew 104
Gibran, Bishop Ramlawi 476
Giles, Dr Kevin 144
Gill, David 587
Gillen, Francis J. 72, 74–5, 77
Alcheringa, (Altjira, Altyerre) 78
churinga (tjurunga) 75
dream times 78
Gillison, Captain Andrew 534
Gilmore, Hugh 410
Gilroy, Cardinal Sir Norman 231, 262, 281, 630
Ginza Rba 401
Gipps, Governor Sir George 100, 172
Girls’ Brigade 178
Girton College, Adelaide 178, 301
Giustiniani, Dr Louis 103, 106
GKN (Vrijgemaakt) 552
Glad Tidings Tabernacle 518
Glasgow Missionary Society 533
Gleeson, Chief Justice Murray 265
Glen Eira Ministers’ Association 577
Glennie, Benjamin 7
Glennon, Michael
Global Anglican Future Conference 33
Glover, Kelso 158
Gnangara Noongah Community Church 470
Gnostic religions 400
Goble, J.H. 177
Goddess spirituality 515
Goe, Bishop Field Flowers 480
Gokhale family 337
Goldenweiser, Alexander 75
Goldlust, John 374
Goldspink, Margaret 688
Goldstein, Vida 294
Goldsworthy, Bishop Kay 143, 709
Goller, Captain A.E. 534
Gombrich, Prof. Richard 183, 186
Gondarra, Djiniyini 589
Goodale, Jane 80
Goode, Sir Charles Henry 175
Goodhew, Archbishop Harry 141, 147
Goodman, Isadore 359
Goodman, Simon 515
Goody, Jeremy 190
Goold, James Alipius OSA 248
Gore, John 557
Gould, Bishop James 237
Gould, Senator Major Albert 614
Goward, Pru 702
Graham, Billy 61, 160, 520
Southern Cross Crusade 321
visits to Australia 31, 304, 537
The Grail
Granites, Dolly Nampijinpa 83
Granjon, Jean 269
Grayden, William 109
Great Synagogue, Sydney 348, 349, 350
Greater Dandenong Multifaith Network 636
Greece, civil war in 484
Greek Orthodox Archdiocese Property Trust 489
Greek Orthodox Church 19, 472, 477–92
in Australia 479–83, 485, 491, 674
age profile 491
All-Community Congress 484
and the Anglican Church 480
Archdiocesan Council 490
chaplaincy services at universities 490
Clergy–Laity Congress 490
conflict among clubs 484
decline of the communities 484
declining numbers 490
dispute within 481
Eastern Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands 482
economic dependence of the clergy 482
establishment of new communities 486
Federation of Greek Communities 484, 486, 487
Greek Community of Adelaide Management Council 487
and the Greek government 486
and Greek immigration 483–5
and Greek language and culture 490
Greek Orthodox Archdiocese Property Trust 489
Greek Welfare Centres 490
growth of 489
history of 479–80
intervention of the Greek government 483
Kastellorizian Brotherhood 482
koinotita 486
lack of religious leaders 480
lay establishment of the community 480
Management Council of the Greek Community of Adelaide 487
membership 485, 489
Mixed (Laity/Clergy) Council of Victoria 488
and the Old Calendarists 487
parish system 488
parochial rivalry 482
publications 490
schools 486, 489, 490
social welfare work 491
split between the Church and the communities 487–92
St Andrew's College of Theology 489
St Andrew's Greek Orthodox Theological College 490
St Basil's Homes for the Aged 490
Standing Conference of the Canonical Orthodox Churches in Australia 489
status of 488
structure of 490
in Victoria 489–90
authority of the Patriarch of Constantinople 479
differences between Eastern and Roman Churches 479
Greek identity in diaspora 478
Holy Synod 481
Iconoclastic Controversy 478
monasticism 478
philosophy and theology 478
and reconciliation 113
separation from the Latin Church 478
types of Hellenism 477
Greek Welfare Centres 490, 651
Greeley, Dana 635
Greenway, Francis 128
Greenwood, Charles 158, 159, 518
Gregorios VII, patriarch 482
Gregory, Henry 238
Greiner, Nick 263
Gribben, Robert 415
Gribble, Ernest 101, 104, 108
Gribble, John 98, 101, 104
Griffin, Walter Burley 16, 155
Griffith, Rev. Edward 300
Griffith University, Multi-faith Centre 171
Griffiths, Dom Bede 335
Griffiths, H. 411
Grimes, George 174
Grimes, Samuel 174
Grimshaw, Pat 707
Grindel, Archbishop Edmund 123
Grindrod, Archbishop Sir John 111, 148
Groner, Rabbi Yitzhak 355
Groom, William 614
Groote Eylandt Mining Company 109
Grote, Gerard 267
Guerassimoff, David 553
Guerassimoff, Lucy 553
Guilford mission 103
Guiness, Howard 321
Gullett, Henry (Jo) 353
Gunamanda, Mohottiwatte 192
Gurges, Father Maher 276
Gutnick, Rabbi Chaim 355
Guzman, Dominic 217
Hackett, William 244, 251
Haddon Expedition 72, 73, 75
Hadleigh Farm Training Colony, Essex 559
Hagemeister, Captain Leonty 501
Hagenauer, Friedrich 11, 99, 107, 417, 533
Hagens, Marvan 527
Hagin, Kenneth 328
Haileybury College 538
Haire, James 527, 531
Hakoah Club 356
Hale, Bishop Matthew Blagden 102, 103, 130
Hale, Harold 104
Hale, Horatio 76
Hales, Bruce 182
Hales, John 182
Halim, Aziza Abdel 467
Hall, Ursula 169
Hall, Very Reverend William 13
Hallam, Lord Tenyson 613
Halls Creek mission 104
Halls, H.H. 181
Ham, C.J. 175
Ham, Rev. John 173
Hambleton, John 180
Hambly, Rev. Franl 414
Hamilton, Annettte 81, 82
Hamilton College 530
Hammond, Canon R.B.S. 690
Hammond, R.B.S. 137
Hammond, T.C. 321
Han, Gil-Soo 588
Hanazono (emperor of Japan) 190
Handley Commission 541
Haneef, Mohammed 455
Hanson, Pauline 457, 653
Harbinger of Light journal 573
Harding, Silas 175
Hare Krishna 27, 61, 66, 323–4, 335, 599, 663
ascetic lifestyle 324
Child Protection Office 325
controversies around 325
festivals 324
Food-For-Life program 324
gurus 324
and the Hindu caste system 323
Janmastami (Krishna's birthday) 324
mantra 323, 324
membership 325
morning devotions 324
outreach programs 324
Rathayatra (Chariot festival) 324
schools 325
temples 324, 324, 325
vegetarianism 324
Women's Ministry 325
Harkness, Abraham 408
Harmony Film Festival 170
Harnack, Adolf von 320
Harold, Father James 646
Harper, John 98
Harradine, Senator Brian 263, 704
Harris, Cecil 159
Harris, Rev. Charles 92, 111, 589
Harris, Howell 404
Harris, John 347
Harris, Leo 159, 519, 598
Harris, Rev. Richard Deodatus 675
Hart, Archbishop Denis 234
Hart, Charles William Merton 80
Hartford Institute of Religion Research 326
Hartigan, Monsignor Patrick 44, 238, 241, 244
Hartmann, Carl 578
Hassall, Eliza Marsden 15
Hassan, Sherene 456
Hawke, Alex 327, 615
Hawke, Bob 648
Hawke Labor government 671
special assistance for those from civil-war situations 507
Hay, Rev. A. 600
Haydar, Father George 496
Healing Revivalism 161, 520
Heathens 515, 516
Hebrew Immigration Aid Society 354
Hebrew Standard of Australasia 353
Heidelberg Cathechism 551
Helmrich, Dorothy 579
Hemming, Steven 86
Henderson, John 394
Henry VIII (king of England) 118, 121, 218
Henschel, Milton 343
Hepworth, Rev. John 119
Herbert, George 126
Herft, Bishop Roger 147
Hermannsburg mission 105, 107, 397
Herron, Senator 264
Herz, Chief Rabbi Dr 352
Herzl, Theodor 371
Hetherington, Rev. Irving 529
Hevavitarana, Don David 192
Hezbollah 462
Hiatt, Lester Richard 75, 77, 78, 86–7
Hicks, David 455, 462, 629
Hicks, Tommy 520
Higgins, Henry Bournes 610
Higgins, Winton 211
High Court of Australia 25
Defence of Government Schools case 610, 657
definition of a religious group 25–6, 27
definition of religion 563, 663
Mabo decision 112, 113, 117, 619–20
satellite congregations 326
and Scientology 563
separation of church and state 610
Wik decision 113, 117
Highland and Islands Emigration Society 647
Higinbotham, Mr Justice 527
hijab 36, 435, 448, 461, 466, 706–7
debate about 706
Hilliard, Winifred 84
Hills Christian Life Centre 326
Hills, Philip 161
Hillsong Church 21, 43, 321, 325–9, 521, 618, 661
appeal to young people 715
congregations outside Australia 521
corporate governance 327
extension services 326
music in 661
social welfare department 322
televised services 326
Hillsong Convention Centre 522
Hilton, Chris 91
Hinch, Derryn 658
Hindmarsh Island 707
Hindu Council of Australia Ltd 666
Hindu temple, Mawson, Canberra 340
Hindu Women's Council of Australia 667
Hinduism 640
Arya Samaj sect 333
in Australia 35, 36, 65–6, 329–37, 340, 663
age profile 338
Chinmaya Mission 336
distinctive identity 340
Diwali festival 337
educational profile 339
festivals 336
growth of 680
Hindi language 338
marriage 338–9
media coverage of 666
Navartri festival 337
numbers of 337, 664
occupational profile 339
overseas-born 338
participation in the work force 339–40
practices 332–4
profile of the community 337–40
Ramakrishna Mission 336
Sathya Sai Baba 336
temples 336, 340
urban concentration of 338
belief in one ultimate reality 329
and the caste system 330, 334
dharma 330
diversity of 334
festivals 333, 337
Ganesh 331
Ganesh-Chaturthi 336
goddesses 698, 700
gurus 334–6
impact in Australia 65–6
karma 330
leadership 334
lunar calendar 330
moksha 330
organisations 334–6
gurus and 334–6
Hindu Council of Australia Ltd 666
Hindu Women's Council of Australia 667
Vedanta Society of New South Wales 334
panchanga 333
personal nature of 330
practices and worship 330–2
protestantisation 333
purification rites 331–2
purity 331
reincarnation 330
representation of women 699–700
rites of passage (samskarra) 331–2
birth 331
cremation 332
initiation (threading ceremony) 331
last rites 332
marriage 331–2, 334
rituals 331
Sanatani 333
Sati 700
sexuality 703
temple worship 331, 334
temples 65
traditional sources of 329
Vedas 329
transnational links among 333
and the White Australia Policy 337
Hinteroeker, Father 247
Hinton, Drew 560
history 372
Hitler, Adolf 370, 649
Hitti, Bishop Joseph 281
Hizb-ut-Tahrir 642
Ho, Christina 464, 465, 707
Hoa Hao 599
Hoban, Samuel 410
Hobbin, Bill 412
Hogan, Michael 611
Holden, James Alexander 174, 175
Holden, Sir E.W. 175
Hollingworth, Archbishop Peter 146, 658
Holocaust Studies: A Journal of Jewish Culture 359
Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East 163
Holy Cross Mission 500
Holy Roman Empire 217
homosexuality 38, 39, 119, 266
Anglican 33, 140–2, 152
Lutherans 395
Presbyterians 543
Uniting Church 591
Hooker, Ian Richard 381, 382
Hooker, Richard 124
hope 23
Hopkins, Rice T. 181
Horton College 407
hospitals 41, 274, 543, 564, 686, 690
Hough, Bishop Michael 144
Houli, Bachar 456
House of Freedom, Brisbane 179
House of the Gentle Bunyip, Melbourne 179
House of the New World, Sydney 179
Housewives’ Association 177
Houston, Bobbie 328, 329
Houston, Brian 161, 325, 327, 329, 521
Houston, Frank 160, 161, 329, 519
Houston, Jim 588
Howard, Henry 410
Howard, John 327, 706
Howard Liberal Government
and asylum seekers 455
‘Australian values’ 455
and conservative religious forces 621
encouragement of evangelism 644
fundamentalism 617
funding of non-government schools 671
immigration and security laws 455
intervention in the Northern Territory 114, 264
introduction of the GST 264
Job Network Program 264
mandatory detention of refugees 653
Muslim Community Reference Group 455, 463, 467, 664, 673
outsourcing of welfare work to non-government agencies 616, 693
‘Pacific solution’ 653
and the Pentecostal churches 616
and refugees 651
relationship with Catholics and politics 264
representation of Catholics 615
rise of religious ‘ginger groups’ 616
‘Ten Point Plan’ on land rights 113
test for prospective citizens 455
Howchin, Walter 410
Howe, Brian 413
Howitt, Alfred William 74, 76
Hsing Yun, Venerable 190, 205, 288
Hu Jintao 290
Huam, Michael 346
Hubbard, Lafayette Ron 561, 600
Hughes, Philip 516
Hughes, Prime Minister Billy 18, 242, 410, 445
Hulley, Charles AM 580
Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission 113, 461, 466, 706
Close the Gap campaign 114
and Scientology 563
Social Justice Report 1998 113
Humanists 603
Hume, Lynne 92
Hume Multicultural Planting Festival 278
Humphreys, Christmas 213
Humphreys, Martha Brucknell 377
Humphreys, Robert 596
Hungarian Reformed Church 551
Hungarian Reformed Church of Australia 552
Hurst, Benjamin 98
Hus, John 385, 417, 640
Husic, Ed 462
Hutchins School, Hobart 133
Hutter, Jakob 341
Hutterites 36, 340–1
practices 341
polygamy 341
Hyde, Dudley 412
Hyde, Ruby 103
Iacovos Tzanavaras, Patriarch Exarch 487–8
Iemma, Morris 263
Iglesia ni Cristo 599
Ignatian Centres of Spirituality 253
Ilhan, John 456
Iliou, Rector Archimandrite Germanos 482
Immanuel College and Seminary 393
Immanuel Seminary 391
Immigrants’ Homes 407, 686
immigration 653
after the Second World War 19, 42, 538, 551, 649, 663, 680, 682
assisted migration 30, 237
Dictation Test for immigration 442
Displaced Persons Scheme 446, 502, 511, 645, 650
family immigration 646
from Europe 60, 263
from Greece 483–5, 491, 680
from India 510
from Iraq 510
from Ireland 231, 233, 237–40, 244, 245
from Italy 648
from Lebanon 448–50, 466, 680
from the Middle East 63, 64, 663
from Russia 501, 502, 650
from Scotland 538
from South Asia 568, 663
from Southeast Asia 650, 680
from Syria 510
from Turkey 447–8, 680
from the Ukraine 512
from Vietnam 20, 202, 650
from Yugoslavia 507, 508
functions performed by religious organisations 645
humanitarian aspects of 652
impact of 674–6
Immigration Restriction Act 1901 287, 439, 443, 445, 569
imperial influences in 17
individualism 532
inland Australia, society in 437–9
interfaith activity in 636, 637
internationalisation of 20–1
Islamic issues in 457–64
Jewish immigration 19, 353–4, 362, 658
assimilationist policies 369
from Israel 357
opposition to 650
restrictions on 353, 354, 649, 658
from Russia 356–7
settlement patterns 367
since 1960 356–7
sources of 363, 364–6, 367, 374
from South Africa 356
Mandaean immigrants 402
Muslim immigrants 439, 440, 450
and numbers of believers 607
policy and criticism 652–3
and religion 645–54
welfare, social and religious networks for immigrants 651–2
programs 169, 413, 647
selection and settlement of migrants 440, 645
support by churchmen 14
Independent Church, Collins Street 303
Independent Theosophical Society 579
Independents 299
India, Zoroastrians 596
Industrial Revolution 555, 558
Insight Teachers Circle of Australia 210
Institute of Coptic Studies 306
Institute of Orthodox Christian Studies 512
Institute of Social Order 252
Integralism 631
‘intelligent design’ 165
Inter-School Christian Fellowship 321, 539
Inter-Varsity Fellowship 321
interfaith activity 635, 636, 637
Interfaith Centre at Griffith University 637
Interfaith Women's Network 638
International Church of Christ 598
International Church of the Foursquare Gospel 521
International Council of Unitarians and Universalists 582
International Lutheran Council 394
International Mandaean Nasorean Supreme Council 403
International Refugee Organisation 354
International Society for Krishna Consciousness 323, 325, 335
See also Hare Krishna
internet 660, 661
Buddhism and 193, 208, 212
and Indigenous religions 94
Intervarsity Fellowship 539
Iona Community 531
Iran
Mandaeans in 401
Zoroastrians 595
Iraq, Mandaeans in 401
Ireland 523–4
Easter Rebellion 242, 254, 257
education in 232
European orientation of the Catholic population 59
factors in migration to Australia 231
Fenianism 257
influences in Australia 37, 59, 230–4, 235, 243, 669
nationalism 241
parliamentary nationalism 257
political life 257
religions in 59
republicanism 257
role of religion in 242
Sinn Féin 257
Unionism 257
Irinej, Bishop 508
Irineos Kassimatis, Archimandrite 482
Irish Catholic Australian nationalists 240–3
Irish Revival 518
Irvine, Graeme 322
Irving, Edward 215
Irving, Helen 610
Irving, Martin H. 215
Isaacs, Jennifer 84
Isaacs, Sir Isaac 19, 351, 658
Islam.
See Muslims
Islamic Association of Western Suburbs Sydney
Islamic Council of Victoria 214, 661
Islamic Societies 20
Islamic Women's Welfare Council 651
Islamic Women's Welfare Council of Victoria 461, 464, 705
Islamist militancy 21
Ismael 420
Israel 63
Ivan III (the Great) 478
Jackson, Natasha 201
Jackson, Ray 160, 519
Jackson, T.W. 175
Jains 35, 66, 599
Jamal, Nadia 465
Jamal, Saleh 462
James, Austin 415
James II (king of England) 126
James VI (king of England) 125
James, Victor 582
James, William 574
Janevsky, Pavle 495
Janmastami (Krishna's birthday) 324
Japan, Buddhism in 189
Jarjeis, Fatehr Faiz 277
Jarrett, Narelle 144
Jayasuriya, Laksiri 201
Jayavarman Paramesvaran (king of Kampuchea) 195
Jeffrey, Jimmy 406
Jehovah's Witnesses 19, 61, 62, 342–5, 564, 572, 598
annual memorial of Christ's death 342
in Australia 343
after World War Two 344
and the Catholic Church 344
competition with other churches 345
and conscription 344
growth of 344
hostility to 344
membership 344
numbers of 345
saluting the flag 344
Awake! magazine 343
biblical interpretation 342
and conscription 34
Constitution 344
doorstep canvassing 343, 345
membership 342
missionary work in Australia 61
name 343
non-participation in government or politics 342
prediction of Armageddon 343, 344
radio stations 343
recruitment 345
refusal of blood transfusions 342, 344
refusal of military conscription 342
theology 342
in the United States 640
The Watchtower 343
wealth of 342
Zion's Watchtower 343
Jemaah Islamiya 642
Jennings, Sir Patrick 255
Jensen, Archbishop Peter 33, 141, 142, 152, 153
Jensen, Christine 144
Jensen, Dean Phillip 141, 147
Jesuit Refugee Service 253
Jesuit Social Justice Research Centre 253
Jesuit Social Services 253
Jesuit Theological College, Melbourne 253
Jesuits 105, 218, 239
in Australia 253
declining numbers 252, 253
education 249, 270
and Indigenous people 247–8
and the local hierarchy 250
Sevenhill school 246–7
Tertianship program 253
work of 246, 247
Buddhism and 191
Ignatian Centres of Spirituality 253
in Pakistan 253
in Papua New Guinea 253
regional schools 270
Jewel, John 123
Jewish Communal Appeal 358
Jewish Community Services 358
Jewish Mizrachi Organisation 651
Jewish News 660
Jewish Philanthropic Institution 346
Jewish sports carnivals 352
Jewish War Memorial 352
JewishCare 356, 358
Jews 345–75
Anglo-Judaism 363
and anti-semitism 369
in Australia 345–9, 362–4, 648, 663, 664
Adass Israel movement 355
Anglo-Judaism 349
Anglo-orthodoxy 19, 363
and the arts 359
Ashkenazi 363
Australian Jewish Chronicle 352
Australian Jewish Welfare Society 354, 357
autobiographies 360
Bialik College 366
B’nai Akiva 355
B’nai B’rith 356
Boards of Deputies 356, 358, 375
Brisbane Hebrew Congregation 350
and the broader community 359
Bundism 349, 364, 365
Carlton Hebrew congregation 349
Chabad 355
characteristics of 352–3, 358–9
Community Councils 358, 375
contribution to society 347, 359
cultural and institutional influence 364
day schools 356, 366–7, 374
diversification of religious practice 354–6
economic profile 375
Elwood Hebrew Congregation 355
Executive Council of Australian Jewry 356, 375
Great Synagogue, Sydney 348, 349, 350
growth of 352
Hakoah Club 356
Hebrew Standard of Australasia 353
historical communities 351
Holocaust memory and memorialisation 359–60
Holocaust survivors 374
hostels 354
influence of 351–2, 658–9
intermarriage 352
from Israel 357
Jewish Communal Appeal 358
Jewish Community Services 358
Jewish identity 363, 364, 367, 375
Jewish Philanthropic Institution 346
Jewish Sports Carnivals 352
Jewish War Memorial 352
JewishCare 356, 358
Kadimah 349
Launceston Synagogue 347
leadership 352, 353, 356, 363
legal, economic and political rights 363
Leibler-Yavneh College 355
levels of religiosity 368
Maccabean Hall 352
‘March of the Living’ program 360
media coverage of 658
in Melbourne 48, 351, 358, 360
Melbourne Hebrew Congregation 351
Melbourne Synagogue 369
Mizrachi movement 355
modern community 353–61
Moriah College 356, 359
Mount Scopus College 356, 366
numbers of 353, 368
Oistralier Leben (Australian Life) 352
organisations 358, 365
overseas-born 374
and overseas Jewish communities 354
in Perth 358, 367
Perth Hebrew Congregation 350
refugees from Russia 349
from Russia 356–7, 367, 375
schools 674, 674
sectarian tensions in 368
Sephardi 355
Sephardis 365
settlement patterns 351, 367–9
Shalom Aleichem College 365, 366
in Shepperton, Victoria 349–50, 355
social networks 368
social welfare agencies 368
from South Africa 356, 367, 370, 374
South Brisbane Hebrew Congregation 350
in sport 359
St Kilda Hebrew Congregation 351
St Kilda Synagogue 369
State Zionist Councils 358
structure of the community 358
in Sydney 48, 351, 358
Sydney Synagogue 347
synagogues 346, 374
Temple Beth Israel 354
Temple Emanuel 354
welfare work 357–8, 687
Yeshiva 350, 355
Yiddish culture 349
Yiddishkeit 364, 365
York Street Synagogue 351
Zionist movement 349, 366
Bundism 349, 364, 365
and Christians 636
Conservative Judaism 349
definition of 370–1
discrimination against 34
diversity of 369–75
fundamentalism 372
Hassidic Jews 36, 355, 643
Jewish communities in Australia, from 1850 to 1933 349–53
Jewish emancipation 362, 367
Jewish ethnicity 372
Jewish identity 361, 371
Kabbala 365
kehillot 361, 364
lack of central authority 373
legal, economic and political rights 362
Liberal Judaism 371
Lubavicher movement 643
Masorti Judaism 371
media coverage of 658
and the modern nation-state 362
numbers of 50
observation of the Sabbath 34
Orthodox Judaism 371, 700
Hebrew language 641
orthodoxy 365
persecution in Germany 353
Progressive Judaism 354, 356, 357, 371
Reconstructionist Judaism 370, 371
Reform Judaism 349, 357, 362, 363, 371
refugees 649
refugees from Europe 19
religious, educational and secular organisation 361–9
representation of women 700
resistance during the Second World War 373
role of women 701
and ‘scientific racism’ 370
secular and humanistic 372
Sephardi 355
Shulhal Arukh 371
Tanakh 372
and the Third Reich 370, 373
Yiddish culture 365
Yiddishkeit 365
Zionist movement 349
Jigalong mission 104
John VIII Hurmizd 163
John XXIII College, Perth 252
Johnson, Carole 86
Johnson, Rev. Richard 8, 106, 128, 318
Female Orphan School 685
Johnston, Henry 251
Johnston, Lieutenant George 347
Joint Board for Christian Education for Australia and New Zealand 539
Joint Commission for Church Union 414, 540, 584
Joint Theological Library 634
Jona, Walter 498
Jones, Len 158
Jordan, G.F. 252
Jordan, James 359
Joseph of Edessa, Mor 510
Josephites.
See Sisters of St Joseph
Jovan Vraniskovski, Bishop 495
Judge, William Quan 578
Juskevics, Valdis 3
Kaberry, Phyllis 80, 82
Kalugin, Fedor 553
Kalumburu mission 104
Kant, Immanuel 628
Kantitja 439
Kantopoulos, Rev. Athanasios 481, 482
Kaplan, Mordecai 370, 372
Karem, Tarmida 402
Karipoff, Rev. Father Nicholas 503
Kartinyeri, Doris 82
Kasic, Father 507
Kassab, Archbishop (Mar) Gebriel 277
Kassimatis, Archimandrite 482
Kastellorizian Brotherhood 482
Kasyapa 183
Kavel, August 14, 389, 390, 391, 648
Kayrouz, Father 280
Kazi, Dr 449
Keamy, Katarr 480, 481
Keating Labor Government 112
Keating, Patrick 249
Keating, Paul 263
Keelty, Commissioner Mick 265, 457
Keen, Ian 89
Kellogg, John Harvey 564
Kelly, Archbishop 242
Kelly, Austin 251, 252
Kelly, Michael 234
Kelly, Ned 87, 239
Kelly, William 248
Kemp, Francis 181
Keneally, Thomas 661
Kennedy, Father Ted 245
Kennedy, Sally 245
Keswick movement 517
Key Forum on Indigenous Knowledge 86
Keyes, Charles F. 186
Khalife, Archbishop Abdo 281
Khananya, Mar Dinkha IV 163
Khantipalo 213
Khomeini, Ayatollah 401
Khoshaba, Father Emmanuel 276, 277
Khri-srong-Ide-btsan (king of Tibet) 189
Kia Ka Te Rama newsletter 551
Kiernan, Colm 233
Killalpaninna mission 102, 397
Kilvington Girls’ Grammar School, Victoria 178
Kimmel 695
Kimmel, Dr Hans 359
King's College, Adelaide 178, 301
King's School, Parramatta 133, 668
Kingsford, Richard Ash 174
Kingsley College 593
Kirk, Pastor David 92
Kitchen, J.J. 182
Kiwarkis, Rev. Younan 163
Klimionok, Reg 161, 520
Klinkowstroem, Maximilian
Kloppers, Marius 180
Kngwarreye, Emily 85
Knights of the Southern Cross 243
Knopwood, Robert 128, 128
Knorr, Nathan 343, 344
Knox, Broughton 322
Knox, D.J. 320
Knox Grammar School 538, 539
Knox Interfaith Network 577
Knox, John 124
Knox, William 614
Kollerstrom, Gustav 579
Koonibba mission 102
Kopperamanna mission 102
Korchinsky, Archpriest Jakov 501
Koro, Father Fawzi 277
Kowanyana 101
Kranewitter, Aloysius 246, 247
Kreim 281
Krishnamurti, J. 155, 334, 381, 382, 578, 579
Kropinyeri, William 102
KRSNA Consciousness 27
Krusenstierna, Sten Herman Philip von 381
Kuan Yin Zen Centre 206
Kunmunya mission 104
Kupka, Karel 83
Kushta Mandaean newspaper 403
Kuyper, Abraham 321, 551
Kvaerne, Per 189
Kyre College 539
Kzeparovski, Father Klime 499
La Grange mission 104
La Nauze, J.A. 573
La Trobe, Charles 99, 318, 319, 417, 648
La Trobe, Peter 99
labour movement and the Catholic Church 257, 258–60, 690
Ladies Association of Charity 687
Ladies’ Benevolent Societies 686, 689, 690
Lake Condah mission 100
Lake, John G. 158
Lake Tyers mission 100, 100
Lakemba Mosque 449
Lalor, Father Harold 252, 630
Lalor, Peter 254, 255
Lancaster, Sarah Jane 518, 519
Lang, Andrew 77
Lang, John Dunmore 14, 37–9, 173, 525–6, 529, 621
Australian College 530
immigration program 647, 652
and Indigenous people 11, 533
Synod of Australia 528
Langlands, Henry 173
Langton, Marcia 84
language, and religion 33
Lanigan, Bishop William 239
Lao-Tzu 289
Larkin, Emmet 239
Latimer, Hugh 122
Latter Rain Movement 161, 519, 520, 521
Laud, William 125
Launceston Church Grammar School 133
Launceston Synagogue 347
Laura Dance and Cultural Festival 86
LaVey, Anton Szandor, The Satanic Bible 560
Lawrie, Margaret 72, 73
Lawson, Tom 359
Layman's Missionary Movement 409
Leadbeater, Charles Webster 380, 381, 578
influence of 578
The Manor 381, 579
sexual misconduct allegations 381
League of Nations 649
Lebanese Moslem Association 427, 458
Lebanon, political situation in 279, 280, 449
Lee, Ann 62
Lee, Sang Taek 588
Leibler, Isi 358
Leibler, Mark 358, 359
Leibler-Yavneh College 355
Leigh, Samuel 406
Lentaigne, Joseph 248
Levey, Barnett 347
Levey, Solomon 347
Levi, Rabbi John 636
Lévi-Strauss, Claude 75
Lévi, Sylvain 191
Levy, Aaron 346
Levy, Daniel 351
Li Hongzhi 290
Liberal Catholic Church 380–2, 579
beliefs of 382
General Episcopal Synod 382
Liberal Catholic Institute of Studies 382
ordination of women 382
unpaid clergy 382
Liberal Catholic Church International 382
Liberal Catholic Institute of Studies 382
liberal neutrality 624–6
Liberal Party 262
Catholics in 265
religious Right 643
Liberal Protestantism 409
liberalism 611, 624–6, 627
Life and Work Movement 634
Lifeline 692
Lingwood, Dennis 190
Lippman, Walter 374
Lipski, Sam 358
literacy 641
literalism
Bible literalism 36, 641–2, 643
conservative 1
Little, Archbishop Sir Frank 636
Little Circle of the Dharma 200
Little Flower Mission 105
Little Sisters of the Poor 687
Livingstone Home for Neglected Children 407
Livingstone, K.T. 235
Loane, Archbishop Marcus 137
Local Option Leagues 176
Lock, Annie 103, 108
Lockhart River Dance Festival 85
Lockhart River Mission 101
Lockington, William 250, 251
Lodge, Sir Oliver 574
Loehe, Pastor J.P. 393
Lokamitra, Bhikkhu Dharmachari 190
Lollards 121
Lombadina mission 104
Lommel, Andreas 78, 94
London City Mission 119, 554, 687
London Missionary Society 8, 98, 106, 299, 533
and Indigenous people 11, 73
in Queensland 101, 119
in the Torres Strait 73
Long, Bishop G.M. 137
Lord Maitreya 381
Loreto nuns 274, 670
Lorimer, Enid 579
Lovat, Charles
Love, J.R.B. (Bob) 104, 535
Lowy, Frank 359
Loyal Orange Institute 256
Loyola College, Watsonia 251
Loyola, Ignatius 191, 218
Lubavicher movement 643
Luther, Martin 122, 218, 267, 382–4, 640
administration of the sacraments 385
excommunication 385
importance of family life 388
manifestos 384
marriage 386–7
monasticism 386–7
ninety-five theses 384
impact of 384–7
reform of the Papacy 384–5
and the selling of indulgences 383–4
teachings 387
translation of the New Testament into German 385, 640
transubstantiation 385
Luther Seminary 397
Lutheran Archives 396
Lutheran Church, Canberra 395
Lutheran Church of Australia 393–6
Augsburg Confession 387, 390
Board for Mission 398
Christmas Action Appeal 399
College of Presidents 394
Commission on Social and Bioethical Questions 395
Commission on Theology and Inter-Church Relations 394
Commission on Worship 395
deaconess movement 395
dialogue with the Roman Catholic Church of Australia 394
dialogues with other churches 394
Director of Lay Ministry 395
district structure 394
and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Papua New Guinea 398
General Church Council 394
homosexuality 395
Lay Training Centre 395
liturgy and hymnody 395
Lutheran Archives 396
The Lutheran magazine 396
Lutheran Media Ministry 396
and the National Council of Churches in Australia 394
ordination of women 395
synod 394
Women's Ministry Network 396
youth groups 395
See also Lutherans
Lutheran Men of Australia 396
Lutheran Publishing House 396
Lutheran Student Fellowship 395
Lutheran Theological Journal 396
Lutheran Women of Australia 395
Lutheran World Federation 394
Lutherans 29, 382–99
in Australia 389–99, 648
acceptance of government funding 396, 669
aged care services 399
Australian Lutheran College 396, 397
Australian Lutheran World Service 392, 399
Box Hill Lutheran Church 398
Confessional Union 403
division and separation 390–1
education 390
education and training 396–7
English language 392
establishment 390
ethnic diversity 392
Evangelical Lutheran Church Federation 393
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Australia 393
Evangelical Lutheran General Synod 393
Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Australia 393
features of 396–9
Finke River Mission 397
Hermannsburg mission 397
Immanuel College and Seminary 393
Immanuel Seminary 391
impact of world wars 391–2
Killalpaninna mission 397
lay ministry 395, 397
Luther Seminary 397
Lutheran Archives 396
Lutheran Church, Canberra 395
Lutheran Church of Australia.
See Lutheran Church of Australia
Lutheran Media Ministry 396
Lutheran Men of Australia 396
Lutheran Student Fellowship 395
Lutheran Women of Australia 395
Lutherans for Life 395, 396
membership 398
mission 397–9
missionary work 389, 398
in the Northern Territory 105
in Queensland 101
in South Australia 101, 102
in Victoria 107
persecution and injustice 389, 391
post-World War Two 392
reasons for immigration 389–90
schools 396, 670
Schools Spiritual Project 713
seminaries 397
Shed Men 396
sources of clergy 391, 392
unification 392–3
United Evangelical Lutheran Church in Australia 393
urbanisation of 392
use of media 396
Wartburg Seminary 393
welfare work 399
Women's Ministry Network 396
celibacy of the clergy 386
confessional 394
education 37
evangelical Christianity 394
justification by faith alone 383
learning of Indigenous languages 101
mission work among Indigenous people 90
missionaries 11
in New Guinea 18, 393, 398
Old Lutherans 389
origins, beliefs and practices 382–9
and reconciliation 113
relationship with other Christians 394
and the role of the state in religious affairs 36
in South Australia 14, 30, 34, 107
spread of 387
Sunday worship 386
teachings 388
Lutherans for Life 395, 396
Lynch, Philip 263
Lyndhurst Academy 249
Lyons Forum 264
Lyons, Joseph 258
Lyons, Samuel 347
Lythgoe, Randall
Ma Ying-pui 286
Mabo decision of the High Court 112, 113, 117, 619–20
Mabo, Edward Koiki 117
Macassans 6, 87
Maccabean Hall 352
MacDonagh, Oliver 232
MacDonald 93
Macedonia 492, 494
Macedonia, Republic of 500
Macedonian-Australian People's League 495
Macedonian Churches, in Australia 492–501
Macedonian Orthodox Church
architecture of churches 492
attendances 492
in Australia 495–7, 500, 501
Church of Saints Cyril and Methodius 495
Church of St Clement of Ohrid 497
Church of St George 496, 497
Church of St Nicholas 498
Church of Sveta Petka 498, 499
Church of the Holy Prophet Elijah 497
church politics 498–9
cultural and artistic group, Goce Delcev 497
development of 497–8
dispute over spiritual and secular jurisdiction 498
Greek consular representative 499
Holy Cross Mission 500
Ladies’ Auxiliary 497
language classes 497
Macedonian Orthodox Community of Melbourne and Victoria 496–7
monastery Church 497
national conference 500
Nativity of the Holy Mother of God cathedral 498
overseas influence 499–501
St Clement of Ohrid monastery church 497
St Demetrius of Salonika 498
St Elijah chuch 498, 499
St George and Holy Mother of God church 498, 499
St Naum of Ohrid monastery church 498
St Nicholas church, Perth 498
St Prochorus of Pcinja monastery church 498
Sveta Petka monastery 498
Yugoslavian consular representatives 499
characteristics of 492–3
Church Slavonic language 492, 493, 494
creation of 494–5
festivals 492
Julian calendar 493
liturgy 492
Macedonian language 494
origins of 493–4
role of the priest's wife 492
services in the vernacular 492
Macedonian Orthodox Church of Australia 499
Macedonian Orthodox Community of Melbourne and Victoria 496–7
Macedonian Orthodox Diocese of Australia and New Zealand 499
Macedonian Orthodox Independent Church 499
Macedonian Patriotic Organization 495
Macintyre, Dr Ronald 535
Mackay Planters and Farmers Association 199
MacKillop, Donald 247
MacKillop, Mary 13, 59, 229, 239, 272, 273, 273, 646
excommunication 273
MacKinnon, A. 705
Macky, Rev. Dill 256, 525, 527
Macpherson, Aimee Semple 518
Macquarie, Governor Lachlan 128
Macquarie University, master of arts in Coptology 309
Maddock, Kenneth 76, 78, 80
Maddox, Bob 414
Maddox, Marion 117
Madonna magazine 250
Magowan, Fiona 93
Maharaji, Guru 335
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi 335
Maharishi, Ramana 335
Mahasi, Saydaw 193
Mahavira 599
Mahikari 65
Mahikari, Sukyo 600
Mahikari, Suryi 600
Mahinda 187
Mahler, Frank 251
Mahony, Marion 16, 155
Malalasekera, Prof. Gunapala 201
Malankara Jacobite Syrian Church 510
Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church 510
Malays 445
Malcolm, Bishop Arthur 111
Malek Fahd Islamic School 675
Malinowski, Bronislaw 75
Maloga mission 98, 108
Management Council of the Greek Community of Adelaide 487
Manalo, Felix 599
Manchester College 581
Mandaean Council of Australia Inc. 403
Mandaean Research Centre 403
Mandaean Women's Association 403
Mandaeans 400–4
asylum seekers 402
in Australia 404
Kushta newspaper 403
and Chaldean Catholic Church 403
clergy 402
divisions in 403
Mandaean Council of Australia Inc. 403
Mandaean Research Centre 403
The Mandaean Thinker 403
Mandaean Women's Association 403
numbers of 402
occupational profile 403
organisations 403
Sabian Mandaean Association 403
scripture classes 403
settlement patterns 402
Sunday schools 403
baptism 400, 402
The Book of John 401
Canonical Prayer Book 401
discrimination and persecution 401, 402
exodus from the Middle East 402
Ginza Rbi 401
parts of 401
Gnosticism 401
Haii Rabi 401
International Mandaean Nasorean Supreme Council 403
laufa 400
Lightworld 399
marriage and procreation 401, 402
numbers of 402
origins of 400–1
pacifism 401
priestly hierarchy 401
role of women 401
Sabian Mandaeans 402
scriptures 401
Manders, Thomas 180, 181
Maniakis, A. 481
Maningrida Arts and Craft 84
Mannix, Archbishop Daniel 37, 234, 621
anti-conscription campaign 18, 137, 234, 257
Catholic militancy 242
and the Catholic Social Studies Movement 631
and the DLP 262
education 269
Irish language 256
and Irish nationalism 254
and the Labor Movement 630
state funding for schools 234, 657
Mansio, Mosesi 105
Mansour, Sylvanus 283
Mantovich-Zaitsev, Father Nikolai 501
Mapoon mission 101, 109, 111
Mar Addai 162
Mar Mari 162
Mar Narsai College, Sydney 164
Mar Nestorius 163
Mar Zaia Cathedral 164
Maralinga, atomic testing at 109
Maravelis, Daniel 482
Marcus, Joseph 346
Marcus, Louise 327
Mari Yamba mission 101
Marinakis, Demetrius 482
Maris, Hyllus 81
Marist Brothers 266, 268, 270
Marist Brothers Institute 269
Markos, Archbishop Zena 316
Markos, Bishop Antonious 306
Marks, Herbie 359
Marley, Bob 599
Marogi, Father Khalid 277
Maronite Catholics 229, 279–82, 473
in Australia 280–2
integration into Latin rite parishes 281
location of 282
Marounia magazine 282
membership 282
retention of young people 280
schools 281
France and 279
Kreim 281
Maronite Order of Monks 281
nuns 281
Order of Qannoubine 282
recognition as a millet by the Ottomans 279
Sisters of the Holy Family 280, 651
social character of the Church 282
structure of the Church 282
Maronite Ladies of the Gospel 282
Maronite Lebanese Heritage Centre 282
Maronite Order of Monks 281
Marounia magazine 282
Marr, David 152–3
marriage, interfaith 54
Marribank Farm School 104
Marsden, Rev. Samuel 9, 97, 128, 135, 236, 646, 652
administrative role 29
Female Orphan School 685
Marsden Training Home for Women Missionaries 15
Martin, David 359
Martin, H. 180
Martindale, C.C. 251
Martung Upah Indigenous Conference 112
Martz evangelistic party 160
Mary Tudor (queen of England) 122
Massam, Katharing 235
Master Pearlers' Association 445
Mathew, Arnold Harris 380
Mathew, Rev. John 533
Mathew, Robert Hamilton 74, 77
Matorikos, G. 481
Matthews, Daniel 98
Matthews, Janet 98
Matthews, Ray 465
Maurice Zeffert Home for the Aged 358
Mavor brothers 414
Max, Lesley 372, 375
Mayne, Charles 251
Mazrui, Prof. Ali 371
McArthur, Rev. Archibald 528
McAuley, James 38
McCaughey, Dr Davis 527, 540, 583, 583, 584, 586, 636
McCaughey, Samuel 525
McCracken, Richard 527
McEnroe, Father John 238–9, 270
McEwen, Alister 527
McFarland, John 527
McGarvie, John 525
McGavin, Mr and Mrs Ebenezer 181
McGregor, Athol 108
McGregor, Senator Gregor 614
McInerney, John 247, 250
McIntire, Carl 545
McIntosh, N.K. 87
McKay, David O. 377
McKay, Rev. Fred 536
McLaren, David 173
McLean, Mrs Margaret 176
McLean, William 175
McLeod, Lord George 531
McLeod, Rev. W.R. 529
McManus, Senator Frank 262
McNab, Duncan 107
McNeil, John 532
McNeill, John 532
Mead, Silas 174
Medding, Peter 360
media 31, 32, 656
and cultural diversity 662
fundamentalist 643
news reporting 660
owned by religious organisations 656, 661
and religion 655–62
research on 655–6
secular 656–8
stereotyping 659, 664
talk-back radio 660
mega-churches 162, 297–8, 325–9, 520
activities and services 297
attractiveness to the young 297, 326
business models 328
characteristics of 326
competition among 521
concentration of authority 329
corporate structures 329
entrepreneurial style of leadership 298
growth of 522
lack of transparency 329
leadership 329, 521
politics and 327–9
preaching in 326
‘prosperity gospel’ 327–8
size of 329
specialist ministries 328
in the United States 327
Meggitt, Mervyn J. 80
Mein, James 525
Melbourne, religions in 49–50, 605, 636
Catholics 48
Chinese 286
Ethiopians 314–15
Jews 351, 358, 360
Russian Orthodox 502
Melbourne Beth Din 351
Melbourne Buddhist Study Group 202
Melbourne City Mission 173
Melbourne College of Divinity 253, 409
Melbourne Hebrew Congregation 351
Melbourne Peace Society 166
Melbourne Progressive Lyceum 574
Meldrum, Max 578
Meletios Metaxakis, Ecumenical Patriarch 482
Melkite Greek Catholic Church 282–3, 473
Basilian Salvatorian Order 283
history of 282–3
membership 283
Salvatorians 283
Shweirite Basilians 283
Melville Island mission 105
Mennonites 341
in Australia 341
bruderhof 341
Menzies, Belle 535
Menzies Liberal government
public funding for religious schools 260, 262, 657
Merban, Hadji Mullah 437
Meredith, Richard 549
Mesiti, Pat 328
Messenger of the Sacred Heart monthly 250
Methodism
and the Church of England 118
personal nature of 404
in the United States 640
Methodist Babies Home 413
Methodist Board of Missions 109
Methodist Church in Queensland 92
Methodist Church, size of its following 42
Methodist Episcopal Church 470, 592
Methodist Girls’ Comradeship and the Rays 411
Methodist Ladies’ College (Melbourne) 37, 407
Methodist Mission Board 105
Methodists 57–8, 317, 404–15, 543
and alcohol 31
The Arminian Magazine 404
Australasian Conference 406
in Australia 9, 16
ABC broadcasts of services 412
architecture of churches 413
The Australian Christian Commonwealth 661
Bible Institutes 409
Bring Out a Briton campaign 413
British Book of Offices 411
Central Missions 410, 689, 690, 692
choirs 407
and conscription 411
contribution to the Uniting Church 414
day schools 407
and the Depression 412
Dorcas Societies 407, 686
equality of men and women 415
and the First World War 410
General Conference 408
growth of 413
Horton College 407
Immigrants’ Home, Melbourne 407
and the Joint Commission for Church Union 414
Layman's Missionary Movement 409
leadership 409
and Liberal Protestantism 409
Livingstone Home for Neglected Children 407
and the media 411
Melbourne College of Divinity 409
membership 415
Methodist Babies Home 413
Methodist Girls’ Comradeship 411
Methodist Ladies’ College (Melbourne) 407
Methodists Inland Mission 411
Mission to the Nation 414
missionary work 409, 415
missionary work in Australia 409, 411, 415
Mutual Improvement Societies 407
in the Northern Territory 105–6
officially apolitical 408
opposition to alcohol, gambling and sexual immorality 407
Order of Knights 411
Prince Alfred College 407
in Queensland 405, 411
Sabbath schools 407
and the Second World War 413
Sisters of the People 689
and social justice 413
in South Australia 31, 54, 406, 592, 669
sporting clubs 411
state aid to religious schools 408
Sunday schools 408
Supply River Methodist Church 412
in Tasmania 406
theological colleges 413
and trade unions 408
and a united Protestant church 21, 409, 414
in Victoria 406
Way College 407
Wells Way and Stewardship 413
Welsh Church, La Trobe Street, Melbourne 415
Wesley College 407
Wesleyan Chronicle 407
in Western Australia 406, 408
and the White Australia Policy 653
Women's Auxiliary for Overseas Missions 409
youth work 411
beliefs of 405
chapels 405
Conference 404
contribution to society 406
conversions 58
deaconesses 15
General Rules 404
lay participation 404
mission work among Indigenous people 90
missionary work 398, 405
New Guinea Mission 319
origins of 404
separation from the Church of England 127
social reform 616
Sunday schools 405
and the Uniting Church of Australia 21
Meutzelfeldt, Pastor Bruno 392
Meyer, H.E.A. (Heinrich) 73, 102
Michaels, Eric 83
Michalakopoulos, A. 483
Middle East 63
Middle East Council of Churches 306
Middleton, Stanley 104
Midgely, Bob 520
Mihailovic, Colonel Draza 506
Milingimbi Island mission 105
Mill, John Stuart 628
millenialism 62
Miller, Godfrey 579
Miller, William 343, 564
Mills, Laurence 213
Milosevic, Slobodan 508
Milton Grammar School, Syndey 301
Mingana, Father Paul 277
Mirabella, Sophie 455, 461
Mission Australia 693
Mission to the Nation 414
missionaries in Australia 96, 97, 99
arts and crafts work 91
belief in the superiority of Western civilisation 106
impacts on Indigenous people 12
and Indigenous religions 6
and literacy 90
Missionaries of the Sacred Heart 101, 105, 274
Mitchell River Mission 101
Mitrev, Father 498
Mixed (Laity/Clergy) Council of Victoria 488
Mizrachi movement 355
Moffat, John 294
Moglia, Simon 591
Mogumber Methodist Mission 104
Mohamed, Ali 438
Mohamed, Salley 439
Mohammad, Sheikh Feiz 462
Mohammed 418, 420, 421
Mohammedan Mosque 441
Mojanov, Vasil 496
Molokans 415–16, 553
in Australia 416
numbers of 416
beliefs and practices 416
church services 416
Elders 416
exile to Siberia 416
festivals 416
gender roles 416
migration to the United States 416
origins of 415
Molony, John 235
Monash, Sir John 19, 351, 658
monasticism 305
Mongon, Sayadaw 197
Monsma, Stephen 617
Montefiore Homes for the Aged 358
Montefiore, Jacob Levi 348
Montgomery, Sir Henry 130
Moody, Dwight L. 517, 532
Moon, Sun Myong 601
Moonahcullah mission 108
Moore, Bessie 535
Moore College, Sydney 10, 134, 321, 322, 542
Moore River Native Settlement 104
Moore, Thomas 10
Moorehead, Mary Lou 635
Moorehouse, James 573
Moral Majority 643
morality 3, 30–3, 622, 626
Moran, Cardinal Patrick Francis 37, 226, 229, 233–4, 240, 241, 256
Catholic education 240, 256
and the Constitutional Convention 256
history of the Church in Australia 235, 236
and Irish nationalism 254
mixed marriages 240, 256
opposition to the White Australia Policy 233
Moravians 90, 99, 417, 533
in Australia
and Aboriginal languages 417
Aboriginal missions 417
Ebenezer mission 417
missionary work 99, 102, 107, 417
Moreton Bay Boys’ College 539
Morgan, Hugh 117
Morgan, Marlo 94–5
Morgan, Sally 81
Moriah College 356, 359
Morling, G.H. 321
Morling, Justice Trevor 180
Mormons 17, 61, 375–9, 572, 599
in Australia 377
chapels 377
decentralisation 378
and ‘gathering’ 376
General Authorities 378
growth of 377, 378
influence of 379
leadership 377
membership 377, 378
polygamy 644
social image of 378
welfare work 379
Book of Mormon 62, 375, 639, 640
converts in Australia 376
genealogical records 379
importance of family values 379
missionary work 61, 377
missionary work in Australia
polygamy 376, 377
practice of ‘gathering’ 376
proselytising program 376, 377
in the United States 640
Mornington Island Dancers 85
Mornington Island mission 101
Morphy, Howard 76, 77, 78–9
Morrison, Scott 327
Morrow, Peter 520
Mort, Thomas 34
Mortomore, Cyril 158
Morton, John 75, 78
Morven Garden School 579
Moseley Royal Commission 108
Moses 420
Moses, John 346
Mother Teresa of Kolkata 226
Mount Scopus College 350, 356, 366
Mountford, Charles Percy 118
Mowbray, Rev. T. 529
Mowll, Howard 321, 636, 652
Moyes, Bishop J.S. 137
Moynihan, Frank 244
Moynihan, Justice 117, 619
Mt Evelyn and Crossways Baptist Church, Melbourne 162
Mt Margaret mission 104, 108
Mubaraki, Dr Brian 403
Mudbalk mission 105–6
Mueller, Max 22
Muirhead, James 252
Muirhead, Mr Justice 118
Muktananda, Baba 335
Muller, George 180
Müller, Max 191
Multicultural Forum 587
Mundine, Graeme 115
Munn, Nancy 80
Munro-Ferguson, Governor-General 242
Müntzer, Thomas 340, 387
Murdoch, Rupert 656
Murdoch, Walter 573
Murdock, John 376
Murphy, Bishop Daniel 239
Murphy, Dr Francis 237, 246
Murphy, Jeremiah 251
Murphy, Lionel 563, 610
Murphy, Richard 250
Murray, Bishop James 239
Musakhan, Mohamed Hasan 441, 443
Musica Viva 359
Muslim Community Co-operative of Australia 454
Muslim Community Reference Group 455, 463, 467, 664, 683
Muslim women in Australia 464–9
books about 465
economic dependence 464
educational profile 467–8
financial insecurity 464
and the hijab 461
internal and external relationships 464, 468
media, literature and research 464–5
niqab 467
organisations 467
research on 465
social issues and challenges 466–8
Muslim Women's National Network of Australia 467
Muslims 20, 469, 640
Afghan Muslims 597
Ahmadiyas 64, 443, 597
Albanians 597
and alcohol 38
Ba’athism 643
beliefs of, oneness of God 421
Bosnians 597
burkah 36
and colonialism 430
complexity of Islam 699
degrees of religious attachment 448
diversity of 705
equality of women 706
ethnic diversity of 20
Festival of Breaking the Fast 425
Festival of the Sacrifice 425
fundamentalism 63, 651
giving of charity 652
Hazara 597
hijab 36
Islamic beliefs 418–36
angels and the unseen realm 419–20
day of judgment 422–3
the Devil 420
God 419
Gog and Magog 422
hadiths 421
the Imamate 421
Jesus 420
jinn 420
oneness of God 418
prophethood 420–1
qadar 423
Qu’ran 420
revelation 421–2
shadadah 418, 426
signs of the end of time 422
timeless knowledge of God 423
Islamic fundamentalism 642–3
Islamic practices 423
abortion 433
apostasy 423
azan, call to prayer 424
banking and finance 436
burial directly into the earth 426, 449
calendar 427
circumcision 433
contraception and family planning 433, 705
conversion to Islam 423–4
death 433–4
devotional prayers 426
dhikr, remembrance of God 426
divorce 432, 468
dress 434–5
dress codes 675
for women 435, 461, 467, 706–7
education 433
ensoulment 433
ethics of warfare 429
family structure 431, 432–3
fasting 427–8
female circumcision 433, 468, 705
food and drink 435–6
Friday services 424, 425
funeral prayers 425–6
giving of charity 40, 425, 426–7
halal food and drink 435
hijab 435, 448, 706–7
honour killings 705
Id prayers 425, 441
interaction between men and women 434
jihad 429–30
the Kabah 429
marriage 431–2, 449
martyrdom 430
Mecca 428
morals and ethics 430
pilgrimage 428–9
polygamy 431, 705
prayer 424–6
prostration 424
Ramadan 425, 427–8, 441
ritual purity 424
social practices 430–1
women's access to mosques 425
zakah 426
and Jerusalem 430
Qur’an 419, 421, 641, 699
literalism 642
as the speech of God 422
suras 421
role of women 699
Salafists 597, 643
Shi’ite Muslims 421, 424, 597
Alawites 597
Ashura 434
Battle of Karbala 434
food and drink 435
giving of charity 427
interpretation of jihad 429
Ismailis 597
marriage 431
prayer 424
Sufi Muslims 24, 426–36, 597
Sunni Muslims 421, 422, 424, 434, 597
food and drink 435
giving of charity 427
interpretation of jihad 429
prayer 424
traditionalism in 35
Turkish Muslims 597
Wahhabis 597
Wahhabism 643
women
See Muslim women in Australia
See also Muslims in Australia
Muslims in Australia 21, 418, 420, 421, 438, 439, 440, 450, 663, 664–5
arrival in Australia 36
from 1901 to 1975 439–50
and Aboriginal women 438, 439
Abu Bakr Mosque, Canberra 456
after the Second World War 446–7
age profile 468
Al-Zahra Mosque 449
Albanians 439, 443, 446
Alice Springs Mosque 439
and anti-terrorism legislation 459
assimilation and integration 435
Australian converts 453–4, 466
Australian Federation of Islamic Councils 449, 450, 453, 458
Australian Federation of Islamic Societies 449, 450
Australian National Imams Council 452, 463
Boards of Imams 458
Bosnians 443
building of mosques 437, 441–2, 659
cameleers and hawkers 440–1, 442, 444, 665
cartoon images of 443
community infrastructure 450–1
Council of Imams, Victoria 427
and the Cronulla riots 457, 459–60, 465, 659
and the Dictation Test for immigration 443–4
discrimination and abuse 457, 461, 466, 706
disputes at the Perth Mosque 443
diversity of 665
divorce 468
economic profile 459
education 438, 451–2, 469
educational profile 466
ethnic diversity 458, 463, 466
ethnicity and religion 453–4
family structure 460
financial services 454
first settlements 436–9
and the First World War 444–6
growth of 444, 680
halal food and drink 454
and the hijab 460, 466
imams 442
and Indigenous people 438
internees and registered aliens 446
Islamic identity 451
Islamic marriage ceremonies 449
Islamic Societies 20, 449, 451
issues for 457–64
Lakemba Mosque 449
leadership 449, 450–1, 452–3, 456, 460, 461–3
Lebanese Moslem Association 427, 458
Lebanese Muslims 439, 448–50, 597
life-cycle events 433–4
Malays 445
mosques 35
media coverage of 454, 455, 456, 459, 469, 659–60
numbers of 439, 664, 665, 674
occupational profile 460
in the pearling industry 439, 445
periodic returns to countries of origin 444
and the police 459
Preston Mosque 449
in the public arena 454–6
publications 456
racism and 456–7
Ramadan 436
religious identity 441–2
representation in government 461
research on 465
role of religion in their lives 418
role of women 460, 467
schools 452, 659, 665, 674, 675
Shi’ite Muslims 449
since the 1970s 450–7
social and religious practices 438
social inclusion 683
social services 454
structure of the communities 458–9
student population of schools 451
Sufis 426
‘suit and tie’ Muslims 449
Sunshine Mosque, Melbourne 457
and the threat of terrorism 462
Turkish Cypriot Muslims 447
Turkish Muslims 439, 447
unemployment 459, 460, 466
use of the internet 662
weekend schools 433
in Western Australia 447
and the White Australia Policy 438
‘White Muslims’ 439, 446
and white women 444
women 460–1, 463, 464–9, 696
See also Muslim women in Australia
youth issues 459–60, 463
Mutual Improvement Societies 407
Myall Creek massacre 172
Myanmar.
See Burma
Myers, Fred 82, 89
Myles, Marie 579
myth 86–7
Nagabodhi, Bhikkhu Dharmachari 190
Nakamarra, Elizabeth 85
Nakamarra, Kitty 85
Nakamarra, Pamela 85
Nalliah, Daniel 214
Namatjira, Albert 438
Nan Tien Temple 20, 65, 205, 205, 288
Nanak, Guru 566
Nano, Georgi 497
Napier, Thomas 173
Narada Thera 201, 202
Nashimi, Tarmida Yuhana 402
Nasoraia, Tarmida Dr Brikha 402, 403
Nathan, Isaac 348
National Aboriginal and Islander Skills Development Association Dance College 86
National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Catholic Council 92, 112
National Aboriginal Anglican Council 112
National Catholic Rural Movement 260
National Christian Council of Churches 583
National Christian Youth Convention 591
National Church Life Survey 41, 582, 602, 715
National Civic Council 38, 262
National Council of Churches 112, 309, 394, 634
Gender Commission 701
National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island Ecumenical Commission 114
National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission 115
responses to the Bringing Them Home report 113
National Council of Jewish Women 358, 702
National Council of Women 177, 242
national interest 622
National Missionary Council 109, 634
National Party, Catholics in 265
National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá‘í of Australia and New Zealand 665
National Student Leadership Forum on Faith and Values 618
nationalism 240–3
Native Institution, Parramatta 11, 106
Nativity of the Holy Mother of God cathedral 498
nature religions 22, 516, 596, 601, 603, 680, 714
Naum, Bishop 495, 496
Nazarene, Church of 470–1
colleges and seminaries 470
cosmopolitanism 470
evangelical and fundamental 470
Nazarene Theological College 471
theology 470
Nazarene Theological College 471
Nazareth House Sisters 274
Ne Win, General (Myanmar) 197, 198
Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk 551
Nehru, Jawaharlal 190
Nelson, Brendan 265, 455
Nematalla, Deacon Edward Labib 307
Nepabunna mission 102, 103
Nettle, Senator Kerry 265
Neville, Auber Octavius 104
New Age religions 43, 50, 335, 579, 596, 601, 710
and Indigenous people 93–5
and young people 714
New Church 575–6
New Connexion 406
New Gracanica Hierarchies of Australia and New Zealand 508
New Kalenic monastery 509
New Norcia mission, Western Australia 12, 37, 102, 103, 107, 247
New Settlers Baptist Associations 179
New South Wales
Aboriginal Protection Board 98
Baptists in 175
Brethren in 181
Church Act 1836 9, 30, 57, 129, 255, 530, 646
Church and Schools Corporation 129
Church Missionary Society 135
Coptic Orthodox Church Property (NSW) Trust Act 1990 310
free, compulsory and secular school system 13
missions in 97–8
non-believers 606
Order of Qannoubine 411
Public Instruction Act 1880 240
religious settlement patterns in 44–5
Select Committee on the Aborigines 12
United Protestant political party 525
Wesleyan Methodists in 593
New South Wales Catholic Women's League 15
New South Wales Council of Christians and Jews 636
New South Wales Labor Party, Catholic influences 259
New South Wales Temperance Society 172
New South Wales Theological Hall 542
New Uniya mission 105
New Zealand
Maori rights 550
Ratana church 68, 550–1
Treaty of Waitangi 12, 550
Waitangi Day 550
Newman College, University of Melbourne 38, 251
Newman, John Henry 119, 120
News Corporation 656
newspapers
links to minority religions 661
published by religious organisations 660–2
See also media
Next Generation Christian Centre 514
Ngo Van Chieu 599
Nicholas II, Tsar 553
Nicholls, Lady Gladys 295
Nicholls, Pastor Sir Doug 90, 109, 295, 296
Nichols, George Robert 347, 349
Nicholson, J.B. 182
Nickel, Pastor Theodor 391
Nikoleski, Vlase 497
Nile, Rev. Fred 31, 32, 327, 465
Nitschke, Dr Philip 603
Noble, Angelina 105
Noble, James 101, 105, 108, 135
Nocher, James 527
Noffs, Rev. Ted 91
Nohra magazine 278
Nomchong, Chee Dock 286
Nomchong family 286
non-believers 678
characteristics of 603–4
economic profile
educational profile 607
ethnic diversity 607
geographical distribution of 604–7
non-Christian religions 16–17, 663–7
in a Christian and secular society 667
history of in Australia 664–7
influence of 667
schools, government funding 675
Nona, Bishop Tolowa 119
Noonkanbah Station 587
Norseman mission 104
Northern Territory
Little Children are Sacred report 114
missions in 105–6
Rights of the Terminally Ill Act 1995 615
Northern Territory Baptist Union 177
Numbulwar Mission 105
Nundah mission 100
Nungalinya College 91
Obeyesekere, Gananath 191, 192
Obrenovic, Milan 505
O’Brien, Eris 235
O’Connell, Charles 249
O’Connell, Daniel 250
O’Donoghue, Lowitja 103, 177, 180
O’Donoghue, Tom 670–1
O’Dowd, Bernard 166, 582
O’Dwyer, James 251
Oenpelli mission 105
O’Farrell, Henry 13, 256
O’Farrell, Patrick 231, 235, 240, 241, 243
Office of Multicultural Affairs 450
Offiler, W.H. 519
O’Flynn, Father Jeremiah 236
Ogg, Rev. Charles 544
O’Gorman, Edith 258
O’Hair, Madalyn Murray 165
O’Haran, Father Denis 241
Oistralier Leben (Australian Life) 352
Okada, Sachiko 600
Okada, Yoshikazu 600
Olcott, Colonel Henry 65, 155, 192, 200, 380, 578
Old Calendarists 487
Old Catholic Bishops of Europe 380
Old Lutherans 389
Old Order Amish 341
Old Russian Believers 36
Oldenberg, Hermann 191
O’Leary, William 250
O’Loghlen, Sir Bryan 255
O’Mahoney, Bishop Timothy 239
O’Malley, Joseph 249
One Nation party 457, 653
O’Neil, Father Peter 646
O’Neill, George 251
Ooldea mission 102, 103
Open Book publishing house 396
Open Brethren
believer's baptism 181
membership 182
missionary training home 182
See also Brethren
Opportunity International 322
Orange Lodges 254, 256, 257, 258
Orange People 600
Ord, Harrison 180
Order of Qannoubine 282
O’Reilly, Maurice 241, 242
O’Reilly, Winston 587
Ormond College, University of Melbourne 531
Ormond, Francis 525
orphanages 41
Orthodox Church in the United States 511
Orthodox Church of Cyprus 511
Orthodox churches 19, 472–4, 512, 599, 627
adoration of icons 474
architecture of 35
in Australia 474, 511–12
and the Catholic Church 473, 474
and communist regimes 511
Free Serbian church, Canberra 35
Julian calendar 473
lack of central authority or hierarchy 473
leadership of the Patriarch of Constantinople 472, 473
monasticism 473
and nationalism 473
rejection of Papal power 473
relationship with the state 472
Romanian church in Carlton 35
Serbian Orthodox monastery 35
structure of 228
theological colleges 19
theology 473
Osama bin Laden 621
Osborn, Eric 413
Osborn, T.L. 520
O’Shannassy 255
Oswald (Bishop of York) 121
Ottoman Empire 494
See also Byzantine Empire
Our Lady Guardian of Plants Church 277, 277
Hume Multicultural Planting Festival 278
Nohra magazine 278
Planting Project 278
religious and social camp 278
Sodality Groups Pastoral Council 279
St (Mar) Aphram Festival of Arts 278
Our Lady of Lebanon Church, Carlton 280, 281
Our Lady of Lebanon Church, West Wollongong 281
Our Lady of Lebanon High School, Harris Park 281
Oxford Falls Christian City Church 328
Oxford Movement 15, 118
Pacific Islanders
choirs 514
churches 513–15
Ethnic Evangelical churches 513
and mainstream churches 513
religious affiliation
pacifism 34, 159, 292, 341, 401, 535, 546, 548, 564
Packer, James 561
Padmasambhava 189
Padmasuri, Bhikkhuni 190
Padshah, Agha Syed Mohammed 443
Pagan Alliance 515
Pagan Awareness Network 515
Paganism 61, 515–16, 603, 680, 710
numbers of 516
publications 516
Page, Jim 103
Paisley, Rev. Ian 544
Palestinians 64
Pali Canon 184
Pali Text Society 191
Pallhuber, J.E. 246
Pallottine Missionaries 104, 274
Palm Island mission 101
Palmer, Joseph 175
Palmer, Thomas 166
Palmer, Thomas Fyshe 581
pan-Orthodoxy 475–6, 481
Panacea Society 292, 293
Panico, Giovanni 229
Pannyavaro, Venerable 208, 212
Pantheism 603
Papua New Guinea 18
Jesuits in 253
Lutherans in 18, 393, 398
Methodists in 319
Pentecostals in 159
Paradise Community Church 326, 327, 329, 521
Parker, Katherine Langloh 80
Parkes, Sir Henry 13, 254, 255
Parliament of the World's Religions 633, 638
Parliamentary Prayer Network 616
Parsifal College, Sydney 155
Partridge, Bridget 258
Passey, Rev. Dave 112
Paszov-Begor, Krsto 495
Pataki, Tamas 28
Patriarch of Constantinople 494
Patrician Brothers 266
Pattel-Gray, Anne 91, 111
Patten, Jack 90
Paulos, Patriarch Aba 317
Pavle of Pec, Archbishop 509
Peacock, Alexander 614
Peacock, Edward 98
Pearce, Senator George 614
Pearson, Clive 589
Peel, Thomas 347
Pell, Cardinal George 234, 264, 352, 627, 629
Pembroke College, Adelaide 178, 301
Penleigh Grammar 531
Penn, WIlliam 546
Penrith, Harry 169
Pentecostal Church of Australia 158, 518
Pentecostal churches
experiential responses 516
Pacific Islander branches 513
Pentecostal Churches of God 293
Pentecostalism 17, 20, 21, 32, 61, 62, 598
and Aboriginal people 110
Apostolic Church 519
Apostolic Faith Mission 519
churches in Australia 519, 520
activities and services 715
appeal to young people 715
corporate infrastructure 522
growth of 520
membership 520
social welfare work 522
success of 644
welfare work 693
young people and 715–16
Bethel Temple 519
Careforce Church 520
charismatic leadership 517
client-centered corporate culture 521
Crossways Baptist mega-church 520
Elim Foursquare churches 519
fundamentalism 640
General Synod 524
Glad Tidings Tabernacle 518
growth of 321, 517, 518
Hillsong Church 21
See also Hillsong Church
history and practice 516–23
Keswick movement 517
in Melanesia 159
and miraculous healing 518
missionary work in Australia 61
numbers of adherents 43, 50
and politics 616
practices 522
Richmond Temple 518
a Second Reformation 517
speaking in tongues 574
Tabernacle of Moses 519
teaching and practice 518
‘tongues movement’ 517
transdenominational fora 522
use of popular song 521
use of the media 661
People's Republic of Macedonia 494
Perkins, Charles 91
Perkins, Harvey 588
Perlman, Elliot 359
Perrin, Charles F. 180
Perry, Charles 37, 131, 573
Perth Hebrew Congregation 350
Perth Mosque 441, 443
Petrov, Georgi 497
Petar, Bishop 495, 498, 499, 500
Peter (king of Yugloslavia) 506, 507
Peter the Great 553
Petri, Helmut C. 92, 94
Petri-Odermann 93
Petyarre, Kathleen 85
Philips, George 174
Phillip, Governor Arthur 128, 668
Phillips, Solomon 346
philosophy, and gender 697–8
Phokas, Father Seraphim 481, 482
Pigot, Edward 250
Pigott, Frank Waters 381
Pilchik, Terry 190
Pilling, Arnold R. 80
Pines, Rabbi Yehiel 373
Pink, Olive 80
Pinto, Philip 271
Pioneer Total Abstinence Association 250
Pitman, Jacob 576
Pitt Street Congregational Chapel 285
Planetshakers 329, 521
Plunkett, J.H. 237
pluralism, religious 623
Point McLeay mission 102
Point Pearce mission 102
Polack, Abraham 346
Polding, John Bede 37, 107, 229, 233, 237, 249, 646
and Aboriginal people 107
Australasian Chronicle 660
care for convicts 238
Christian Brothers (of Ireland) 270
and the Sisters of Charity 229, 264
and the Sisters of the Good Samaritan 238, 272
political activism, religiously inspired 623
politics and religion 622, 624
Poonindie Native Training Institution 102
Poor Sisters of Nazareth 687
Pope Benedict XIV 226
Pope Benedict XVI 277
Pope Clement I 227
Pope Cyril V 306
Pope Gregory I 120
Pope Gregory VII 479
Pope Gregory XI 230
Pope John VIII 493
Pope John XXIII 219, 226, 634
Pope John Paul II 114, 228, 280, 699
Pope Kyrillos 307
Pope Leo III 217
Pope Leo X 383, 384
Pope Leo XIII 219, 227, 247, 259, 283
Pope Martin V 218
Pope Paul VI 219
Pope Pius IX 219, 228, 256, 258, 627
Pope Pius V 123
Pope Pius XI 251
Pope Shenouda III 306, 309
visits to Australia 310
Pope Shenouda III Coptic Theological College 308
popes, corruption and worldliness in the Middle Ages 121
Popov, Father Alexander 496
Popovski, Father Nestor 496
Port Arthur Penal Colony, Tasmania 14
Port George IV mission 104
Port Keats mission 105
Protestant Church in the Netherlands 551
Porus, Rabbi 636
Potter, Phillip 586
Poutiata, Alex 481, 501
Powell, Rev. Gordon 537
power 622, 629
Power, Albert 251
Prabhupada, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami 323, 324, 325, 335, 599
Prajapati 329
Praramahansa, Yogananda 335
Prasko, Ivan 284
Prendiville, Archbishop Redmond 252
Presbyterian and Methodist Schools Association 539
Presbyterians in Australia 322, 534, 523–44, 544, 545
age profile 543
aged-care facilities 543
army chaplains 534
attendances 538
and the Australian Council of Churches 542
Australian Inland Mission 15
authority of the session 528
baptism 530
Basis of Union 540
Boys’ Brigade 537
and capitalism 532, 538
characteristics of 595
and the church union movement 16, 539–43
The Code 526, 527
co-operation with other Protestants 539
and conscription 534
criticism of war 535
deaconesses 532, 536
decision-making procedures 526
Declaratory Acts 527, 543
discipline of 528
Directory of Worship 530
Dutch immigrants and 551
Dutch and Hungarian migrant chaplains 551
education 530, 533, 535, 538–9
Elders 528
and the Enlightenment 524
ethnic congregations 538, 543
evangelicalism 532, 536
family worship 525
and the First World War 534
free kindergartens 532
fundamentalism 640
fundraising 537
general assembly 526, 527
General Assembly of Australia 527, 531, 532, 534, 540
General Assembly of Victoria 531
Girls’ Brigade 537
history from 1977 to 2007 541–3
and homosexuality 543
hospitals 543
Hungarian migrants and 552
immigration and 543
influence of 533, 545
intellectual and moral seriousness 528
interest in public affairs 531, 533
Korean congregations 545
The Lord's Supper 530
Melbourne Training College 536
membership 42, 534, 537, 538, 543
militancy 403
missionary work 90, 533, 535, 535
missions in Queensland 101
missions in South Australia 103
missions in Western Australia 104
observation of the Sabbath 34
ordination of women 542
predestination 524
occupational profile 538
ordination of women 537
orphanages 532
pacifism 535
participation of women 528
political leaders 531, 538
psalm-singing 530
in Queensland 529
and the Reformed Ecumenical Council 542
role of the state in religious affairs 36
role of women in welfare work 689
and St Andrew's College, University of Sydney 543
schools 531, 538, 543, 668
and the Scots–Irish heritage 523–34
in South Australia 529
stewardship departments 537
Sunday schools 537
theological education 536, 539, 542
Theological Halls 536, 542
trade unionists 531
and the Uniting Church of Australia 21
university colleges 531, 539
in Victoria 31, 529, 530–1
Wells Organization 537
women's guilds 537
and the World Alliance of Reformed Churches 542
Presbyterian Church of Eastern Australia 526, 528, 529, 542, 542
formation of 543
music in 530
Protestant Dutch immigrants and 552
Presbyterian Church of Ireland 531
Presbyterian Church of Queensland 530
Presbyterian Church of Scotland 7
Presbyterian Church of Tasmania 529
Presbyterian Church of Victoria 526
Presbyterian Church of Western Australia 529
Presbyterian Fellowship of Australia 537
Presbyterian Girls’ College (Adelaide) 539
Presbyterian Girls’ College (Queensland) 539
Presbyterian Ladies’ College (Melbourne) 37, 530, 541
Presbyterian Ladies’ College (Sydney) 538
Presbyterian Reformed Church 544
Presbyterian Theological Centre 542
Presbyterian Women's Association 537
Presbyterian Women's Missionary Union 533, 535, 537
Presentation Brothers 266
Presentation Sisters 239, 274
Preston, Graham 382
Preston Mosque 449
Preston, Rev. Arthur 635
Price, Charles 374
Price, Harry 575
Prichard, A.H. 442
Priestley, Joseph 581
Primitive Methodists 405, 406, 592
Prince Alfred College 407
Pringle, Phil 328, 521
Pro-Life Victoria 32
progressive movements, influence of religion on 623
Progressive Spiritualist Lyceum 573
property rights 117
Protestant Labor Party 258
Protestant Reformation 218, 386
Protestantism 218, 387, 599
appeal of in the colonial age 7
in Australia 255
declining numbers 678
newspapers 660
welfare work 687–9
and Bible literalism 642
charismatic movement 20
dissenting traditions of 7, 10, 12
divisions in 597–8
liberal and conservative 17
mission work among Indigenous people 90
non-denominational schools 37
parent-controlled schools 673
state aid to religious schools 672
Proutists 599
Providence 601
Pryor, Randall 589
Pugin, Augustus 34
public reason 624, 625, 626
Pughe, William Owen 58
Purdie, Shirley 85
Purga mission 101
Puritans 123, 124
Quaker Service Australia 548
Quaker United Nations Offices 549
Quakers 18, 546–9, 613
in Australia 547, 548, 546–9
attendances 549
Australia Yearly Meeting 548, 549
The Australian Friend publication 548
Australian General Meeting 547, 548
Friends’ School, Hobart 548
influence of 616
membership 549
Quaker Service Australia 548
reasons for immigration 547
Young Friends movement 548
and conscription 34
Friends World Committee for Consultation 549
London Yearly Meetings 546, 547
Friends War Victims Relief Committee 548
meetings 546
pacifism 546, 548
persecution of 546
Quaker United Nations Offices 549
Queensland
Baptists in 174
believers and non-believers in 606–7
Brethren in 181
fundamentalism 39
Methodists 405, 411
missions in 100–1
non believers 604
Presbyterians in 529
Queensland Immigration Society 14, 647
religious settlement patterns in 46–7
Russian settlers in 553
Wesleyan Methodists in 593
Queensland Immigration Society 14, 647
Queensland Kanak Mission 181
Queensland Presbyterian Theological College 542
Queensland Theological College 542
Quinn, Bishop James 14, 239, 240, 647
Quinn, Bishop Matthew 239
Qutb, Sayyid 643
Radcliffe-Brown, Alfred Reginald 75
Radin, Michael 499
Radio Australia 644
Radio Free Satan 560
Raelians 600
Raggett, Obed 83
Rahula, Bhikkhu Walpola 184, 195, 210
Rainbow Snake 5
Rainey, Henry 181
Rajneeshis 66, 335, 600
Rama Kamheng (king of Thailand) 195
Ramabai, Pandita 517
Ramahyuck mission 97, 100, 107, 533
Ramakrishna 333
Ramakrishna Mission 336, 600
Ramakrishna-Vivedananda Mission 335
Ramsay, Andrew 529
Randell-Moon 706
Randwick Asylum 686
Ranganathananda, Swami 335
Rankovi’, Aleksandar 494
Rasheed, Majeed (Mick) 312
Rasheed, Saleem (Sam) 313
Rasool, Kay 465
Rastafarians 599, 680
Rata, Matiu 550
Ratana church 68, 550–1, 599
Kia Ka Te Rama newsletter 551
and the Maori language 551
membership 550
role in politics 550
Ratana, Tahupotiki Wiremu 550
Rathayatra (Chariot festival) 324
rationalism 318
Rationalists 603
rationality 626
Raukkan mission 102
Rawlinson, Andrew 193
Rawls, John 624, 628
constitutional essentials 624, 626
reasonableness 624
Rayner, Archbishop Keith 694
Read, R.R. 161
Rechabites 38
reconciliation 111, 113
Reece, Bob 245
Reed, Henry 319
Reform (organisation) 141
Reformed Churches 321, 551–3
Reformed Churches of Australia 321, 526, 542, 552
membership 552
parent-controlled schools 321, 552
structure of 552
Reformed College of Ministries 542
Reformed Ecumenical Council 542
Reformed Presbyterian Church 528, 533, 544
Reformed Theological College 527, 552
Refugee Economic Corporation 354
refugees 648–51
legal concept of 649
mandatory detention 653
and religion 645–54
religious dimension of the crisis after the Second World War 649
Rehma Family Church 329
Reid, Horace 105
religion
animism 22
Australian definition of 25–6
australianisation of 20–1
and authority 29–30
covert operation in the public sphere 628
and cultural diversity 655–62
definition of 22–7, 563, 663, 695
divisive nature of 165
functions of 2, 3, 23, 24, 29
and gender 695, 697–8
history of in Australia 5–21
and identity 667
and immigration 645–54
and indifference 29, 50, 53
and intellectual development 36–8
and language 33
and the media 655–62
and morality 30–3, 622
origins and evolution of 74–6
principle of territorial control of 387, 388
and progressive movements 623
in public life 623, 627
rational and organisational model of 23
and refugees 645–54
and social cohesion 677, 680–3
and social control 625, 668
social role of 28–40
sociology of 22
and spirituality 631
and women 695–711
and youth issues 712–17
religion and politics in Australia 608–20
Catholic perspective on 621–32
theoretical perspective 622–4
religions 596, 645
Abrahamic 22, 23, 640
active membership 53
active participation in 602, 603
and alcohol 18, 31, 38, 176, 250, 407
alternatives to Christianity
See undersee non-Christians
attendances 38
in Australia 596
non-Christian religions 663–7
recruitment of clergy from overseas 645
an avenue for civic involvement 617
changes over time 42–3
classification of 577, 596
clergy sexual abuse 657
communities of meaning 627
conservatism in 38
conversions 53, 54
and counselling 39–40
cultural and linguistic diversity in 34–5
as cultural phenomena 28
and dancing 38
distribution of 41
dress codes 35, 36
and education 39–40
educational profile 50–2
embeddedness within cultures 28
established churches 677
food taboos 35
and gambling 31, 38, 176, 407
Gnostic 400
and health services 39–40
See also hospitals
and hope 23
impact on Australian society 1
innovation in 36
and the internet 661
invented religions 600–1
leadership 667, 701
maintenance of cultures and languages 33–4
male dominance in 701
media 660–2
missionary activity 53
occupational profile 50–2
patriarchal cultural background of 695, 696–7, 698, 710
political suppression of 28
populism 36
reformist movements 28
representation in Australia 1
resilience of 28
revival movements 28
school systems 668–76
selection and settlement of migrants 645
and sexual behaviour 31, 38
social hierarchies 35
social status and 48
and spiritualities 25
state support of 54
traditionalism 35–6
vestments and liturgies 35
weekend schools 33
and welfare work 39–40
Religions for Peace Australia 636
religious diversity 677–8, 684
religious freedom 34, 609, 678
religious leadership 627
religious organisations 10, 32
Religious Science Society 166
Religious Society of Friends 546–9
Rentoul, Prof. J.L. 527, 540
Reorganised Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints 598
respect 623, 625, 626
Restoration Movement, in Australia 295
Returned Services League 353, 506, 568, 571
Reuther, Johann Georg 73, 102
Revival Centres 293, 598
Tabor College 598
Revival movements 518
revivalism from the United States 520
Reynolds, Bishop 273
Reynolds, Christopher 246
Reynolds, Henry 172
Rice, Edmund 268, 269
Richardson, Dr Walter 573
Richmond, Helen 588
Richmond Temple 158, 518
Richter, F. 393
Ridgeway, Kingsley 592
Ridley, John 406, 519
Ridley, Nicholas 122
Ridley, William 533
Riedel, Prof. 391
Right to Life Australia 32, 263
rights, individual 629
Riley, Charles O.L. 134
Ringatu church 599
Rischbieth, Bessie 578
Rivers, W.H.R. 75
Riverview Church 328, 329, 522
Riverview Observatory 250
Roberts, Oral 61, 160, 520, 521, 537
Robinson, Bishop John 414
Robinson, Donald 153
Robinson, George Augustus 12, 97
Robinson, R.B. 320
Roche, Jack 462
Rockhampton Grammar 531
Roelands Children's Home 104
Róheim, Géza 75, 80
Roman Catholic Church
and anti-Catholicism 8
and ecumenism 635
and the National Council of Churches in Australia 634
schism from the Eastern Orthodox Church 217
See undersee also Catholics
Roman Empire 29
Romanian Orthodox Church 474, 511
Roothaan, Father 246
Roper River mission 105
Rose, Deborah Bird 69, 87, 92, 619, 707, 708
Rose River mission 105
Rosenblum, Myer 359
Rosendale, Pastor George 92
Rosenkreux, Christian 601
Rosicrucians 601
Roth, Cecil 371
Roth, Joseph 371, 372
Roth, Walter Edmund 74
Roude, Nada 456
Rowbotham, Jill 709
Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody 111
RU-486 (drug) 265, 704
Rubinstein, W.D. 374
Rudd, Kevin 263, 265, 612–13, 621, 653
apology to Aboriginal people 115
social gospel 266
Welcome to Country at the opening of Parliament 115
Rudd Labor Government 115
Rudolf Steiner House, Sydney 155
Ruether 709
Runia, Rev. Prof. Klaas 552
Ruotsila, Markuu 215
rural areas
denominations in 3
missionary organisations in 14
religious settlement patterns in 44
support for religion in 604, 606
Rural Australians for Refugees 653
Russell, Charles Taze 343
Russian immigrants 553, 650
Russian Old Believers 553
Russian Orthodox Church 19, 501–3
Act of Canonical Communion 503
in Australia 501, 503, 684
creation of a diocese 502
introduction of English 502
in Melbourne 502
membership 503
in Sydney 502
training of clergy 503
Church Slavonic language 502
in Queensland 649
and reconciliation 113
in the Soviet era 503
Russian Orthodox Church Abroad 502, 503, 511, 553
Russian Revolution 501
Rutherford, Joseph 343
Rutland, Suzanne 374
Rutter, Delia 103
Ryan, John 250, 251
Ryan, T.J. 242
Saad, Afifa 456
Sabian Mandaean Association 403
Saccidananda, Swami 335
Sadadeen, Charlie 437
Saddhatissa, Bhikkhu 213
Sadler, George 246
Saeed, A. 699
Sai Baba Anandamurti (Sarkar) 333, 599
Salah, Ganzibra 403
Salam Café television show 456, 662
Salam magazine 456
Saliba, Metropolitan Archbishop Paul 474, 476
Salt Shakers 214, 643
Salvado, Dom Rosendo 12, 37, 103, 247
Salvation Army 319, 553–60, 647
and alcohol 31
in Australia
aged-care facilities 558
Ambulance Brigade 558
assistance to the armed forces 559, 560
Bethesda Intermediate Hospital 558
children's homes 558
Fallen Sisters Home 558
League of Mercy 558
membership 560
Missing Persons Bureau 558
opposition to 558
organisation of 557
Prison-Gate Brigade 558, 688
Red Shield Appeal 559
Rescued Sisters Homes 688
Samaritan Nurses’ Home 558
services provided 558
social welfare work 559
training colleges 557
welfare work 688, 689, 690, 691, 693, 694
care of children and youths 558
doctrines of 555
Emigration Gazette 559
emigration program 559, 648
evangelical program 555, 556
Hadleigh Farm Training Colony, Essex 559
mission of 555
missions in Queensland 101
and reconciliation 113
services provided 554–5
social scheme to alleviate poverty 556
social welfare program 555
Salvationists 553–60
Salvatorians 283
Samaritan Nurses’ Home 558
Samoan Congregational Church 513, 514
Samson, Lionel 348, 351
Samuel, Joseph 346
Samuel, Saul 348
Sanders, Alex 515
Sanger, Rabbi Herman 355
Sangharakshita, Bhikkhu 190
Sanitarium Foods 564, 566
Sankey, Ira 517, 532
Santa Teresa Mission 105
Santamaria, B.A. 38, 234, 251, 260, 261, 261, 262, 615, 621
Catholic Social Studies Movement 630
influence of 234
Italian familian values 631
Saphir, Rabbi Pinchas 352
Saraswati, Swami Satyananda 335
Sarbinoff, Stoyan 496
Sasse, Hermann 393
Sastri, Dr 445
Satanists 516, 560–1, 680
bookshop in Melbourne 561
Church of Satan 560
First Church of Satan 560
First Satanic Church 560
Sathya Sai Baba 333, 336, 663
Satour, Sayed 439
Satyananda Yoga 663
Saunders, Edward 557
Saunders, John 172
Saupin, Bishop George 252
Savage, Michael Joseph 550
Scalabrinians 648
Scarf, Rueben 283
Schenk, Rod 104
Schlegel, Friedrich 191
Schmidt, Father Wilhelm 75
Schmidt, I.J. 191
Schneerson, Rabbi Menachem Mendel 355, 643
schools
parent-controlled schools 321, 552, 643, 673, 716
religious school systems 668–76
See undersee also under names of denominations
Schools Spiritual Project 713
Schopenhauer, Arthur 191
Schreiner, John 246
Schuller, Robert 326
Schürmann, Clamor Wilhelm 73, 101, 397
Schwarz, Georg 389
Scientology 25, 561–3, 600
and ASIO 562
in Australia
and the Chelmsford Private Hospital 563
Citizens Commission on Human Rights 563
inquiry into 562
legal status of 562, 563, 663
membership 561, 680
Narconon 563
counselling courses 561
exemption from conscription 562
license to conduct marriages 563
system of psychotherapy 561
Youth for Human Rights Australia 563
Scientology (Church of the New Faith) 563
Scot, Daniel 214
Scotch College, Adelaide 539
Scotch College, Launceston 539
Scotch College, Melbourne 530, 539, 541
Scotch College, Perth 531, 539
Scotland 525, 532
Scots College 530
Scots College (Queensland) 539
Scott, Gilbert 34
Scott, Sir Ernest 16
Scott, Thomas H. 129
Scottish Barrier Act 526
Scottish Reformation 523
Scripture Union 321, 540
Seager, Richard 192
Sebastian, Guy 661
Second Helvetic (Swiss) Confession 551
Second Vatican Council 20–1, 33, 219, 221, 225, 228, 252
consequences of 263, 270
and nuns 275
Secular Party of Australia 603
secularisation 608–9, 713–14
secularism 50, 608–9, 624, 655, 693
and indifference 29, 50, 53
and unbelief 609
See Yup temple 35, 64
Seok, Jung Myung 601
Separatists 299
Serbia
Displaced Persons 506
and the Muslim Turks 505
religious and ethnic conflict 506
Serbian Orthodox Church 503–10
in Australia
Free Serbian church, Canberra 505
growth of 507, 509
influences on 509
New Kalenic monastery 509
settlement patterns 509
structure of 509–10
Church Slavonic language 504
history of 504–6
iconography 504
independence of 504
monasticism 504
persecution by the Ustashe government 506
and the political situation in the Balkans 505
and the Second World War 506
and the Serbian state 504
state church of Yugoslavia 504
Serbian Orthodox Diocese of Australia and New Zealand, New Gracinica Metropolitan Diocese 508
Serra, Bishop 238
Servants of Mary Immaculate 651
Seventh Day Adventism 17, 61, 563–6, 572, 598
Adventist Andrews University, United States 565
Adventist Development and Relief Agency 565
in Australia 564
Adventist Hospital 565
Avondale College 565, 566
and the constitutional debates 565
educational profile 566
growth of 565, 566
membership 565
missionary work 565
Sanitarium Foods 564, 566
baptism by full immersion 564
biblical interpretation 564
Connecting with Jesus Project 565
education 37
hospitals 564
medical research 564
missionary work 61, 564
observance of the Sabbath 34, 564, 565
pacifism 564
radio stations 564
schools and colleges 564
South Pacific Division 565
in the United States 640
websites 566
Yearbook 566
Sex Discrimination Commissioner 702
Sexual Integrity Forum 616
sexuality 621
Seyit, Seyfi 456
Seymour College 539
Seymour, William 62, 518
Shafi, Dr Muhammad 445
Shah, Syed Lal 442
Shakers 62
Shalom Aleichem College 366
shamanism 94
Shanahan, Mary 238
Sharp, Nonie 72, 117, 619
Shattock, E.H. 194
Shaw, Dr Clinton 555
Shearer, Rev. D. 530
Shed Men 396
Shekleton, George 180
Shellshear, J.L. 215
Shepherdson, Ella 105
Shepherdson, Harold 105
Sherwood, Patricia 207
Sheil, Bishop 247
Shimada, Yasuko 600
Shimon XXI, Mar Eshai 163
Shinto 65, 66, 189
Shiva-Vishnu temple 336
Shivananda, Swami 335
Sholem Aleichem College 365
Short, Augustus 134
Shri Venkateswara temple 336, 336
Shweirite Basilians 283
Siddha Yoga 335
Siddhartha Gotama 182–3
Sidgwick, Henry 574
Sikh Council of Australia 665
Sikh Link journal 571
Sikh Temple, Blackburn, Melbourne 570, 571
Sikhs 20, 36, 66, 566–71
in Australia 67, 569, 571, 663, 665
community newspapers 571
in the First World War 569
growth of 680
Gurdwaras 567, 570
numbers of 570
organisations and institutions 570
Punjabi language radio and television programs 571
Punjabi language schools 570
racial abuse and harassment 571
and the Returned Services League Clubs 568, 571
Sikh Link journal 571
Sikh Temple, Blackburn, Melbourne 570, 571
sports associations 570
and the caste system 567
cremation 569
discrimination against 569
doctrines 567
equality 567
Guru Granth Sahib (Sikh Holy Scripture) 566, 568
Gurus 566
harmony and social cohesion 566
initiation ceremony (‘taking amrit’) 568
langar (common kitchen) 567
migration to Australia 568–70
pangat 567
principles of 567
racial abuse and harassment of Sikhs 568
Sikh Council of Australia 665
social cohesion 568
traditionalism in 35
turbans 36, 568
wearing of articles of faith 568
Silcock, Mother Esther 501
Simmons, Kathleen 181
Simonds, Archbishop Justin 231
Simons, Menno 341
Simpson, Fiona 561
Sing, Croppo 569
Singh, Buttan 569
Singh, Guru Gobind 568
Singh, Pal 568
Singleton, Dr John 687
Sister Kate's Quarter Caste Children's Home 104, 113
Sister M. John 272
Sister M. Scholastica 272
Sister Mary Liguori 258
Sister Nirodha 205
Sisters of Charity 272, 275, 646, 687
House of the Good Shepherd 238
and Polding 229, 238
Sisters of Mercy 239, 272, 276, 646, 670, 687
convent schools 274
orphanages 274
Sisters of Sion 636
Sisters of St Joseph 12, 104, 272, 273, 646, 670
convent schools 274
East Timor 276
mission of 272
orphanages 274
primary schooling 274
Sisters of the Church 15, 134
Sisters of the Good Samaritan 229, 238, 272, 687
convent schools 274
social work 273
Sisters of the Good Shepherd 274, 687
Sisters of the Holy Family 280, 501
Sisters of The Mission to the Streets and Lanes 477, 689
Sisters of the People 15, 689
Sisters of the Sacred Heart 670
Skuse, Jean 635
Slater, Dom Edward 229
Slovenian Franciscan Sisters 651
Smith, Bardwell 195
Smith, Greg 591
Smith, H.E. 159
Smith, James 174
Smith, Joseph 17, 62, 375
Smith, Marie 159
Smith, Noel Wilson 94
Smith, Prof. John 578
Smith, Richard 180
Smith, Shirley (‘Mum Shirl’) 245
Smith, Stow 174
Smith, William 252
Smithies, Rev. John 103
Smyth, Robert Brough 74
social cohesion 677–84
in the 19th century 677–8
and religion 680–3
social gospel 266, 689
social inclusion 266, 683
Social Issues Committee 166
social justice 91, 690, 691
Social Justice Sunday 616
social networks 2
Social Survey journal 252
Society of Mary, United States 271
Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge 10
Society for Psychical Research 573, 575
Society for the Propagation of Buddhism 192
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel 10, 14, 130
Society for the Relief of Destitute Children 686
Society of Friends
See Quakers
Society of the Sacred Advent 133
Soen, Shaku 192
Soliman, Yasser 456
Solomon, Ann 347
Solomon, Emanuel 347
Solomon, ‘Ikey’ Isaac 347
Solomon, John 348
Solomon, Joseph 348
Solomon, Judah 348
Solomon, Moses 348
Somaloka, Thera Ratmalané 202
Somerset mission 101
Somerville, Dr 532
Soper, J. Christopher 617
Sorry Day 113
South Australia
Baptists in 174–5
Brethren in 181
dissenting traditions of 54
evangicalism 319
Methodists in 406, 592, 669
missions in 101–3
non-believers 604, 606
planned immigration to 14
Presbyterians in 529
religious freedom 611
religious settlement patterns in 45
and Scientology 562
Scientology (Prohibition) Act 1968 562, 563
South Australian School Society 669
Wesleyan Methodists in 593
South Australian Council for Christians and Jews 636
South Australian School Society 669
South Brisbane Hebrew Congregation 350
South Seas Evangelical Mission 181
Southcott, Joanna 58, 292, 601
and the Church of England 292
publications 292
Southcottian Society 293
Southern Presbyterian Church 544
Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) 450
Spence, Catherine 37, 582
Spence, W.G. 320, 531
Spencer, Baldwin 72, 74–5, 77
churinga (tjurunga) 75
Spieseke, F.W. 99, 417
spiritualism 293
spiritualists 16, 571–5
in Australia 573
in the 20th century 573–4
campaign against sabbatarianism 573
Melbourne Progressive Lyceum 574
numbers of 572, 574
organisations 574
orientation towards Christianity 575
Progressive Spiritualist Lyceum 573
Victorian Spiritualists’ Union 574
and Christian churches 572
investigation by Anglican Archbishops 574
and scientific inquiry 574–5
Swedenborgian New Church 574
United States origins of 572
spiritualities
alternative 335
and Indigenous people 93–5
personalised 517
and religions 25
spirituality 24–5, 713–14
definition of 22–7
meaning and 23
and religion 631
Spring Street Mission House 501
Spuler, Michelle 206
Sri Chinmoy 66, 600
Sri Lanka 337, 651
Buddhist revival movement 195–6
independence 196
legitimising force of Buddhism 196
nationalism and Buddhism 196
Siyam nikaya monks 196
Tamil-Hindus 334
United Bhikkhu Front 196
Singh, Massa 569
St Addai the Apostle Parish 277
St Aloysius School, Melbourne 249
St Andrew's College of Theology 489
St Andrew's College, University of Adelaide 539
St Andrew's College, University of Sydney 531, 539
St Andrew's Greek Orthodox Theological College 490
St Andrew's Presbyterian Church, Perth 530
St Anthony of Egypt 266
St Anthony's Coptic College 308
St Anthony's Coptic monastery, Heathcote, Victoria 309
St Anthony's Monastery (United States) 306
St Aphram Chaldean Catholic Primary School 278
St Aphram Festival of Arts 278
St Athanasius Theological College 308
St Barnabas’ Colleges 134
St Bartholomew 156
St Basil's Homes for the Aged 490
St Benedict 217, 266
St Bishoy's Coptic College 308
St Bonaventure 218
St Catherine's School, Sydney 134
St Charbel High School 281
St Clement (Clement of Ohrid) 493
St Clement of Ohrid monastery church 497
St Columba 217
St Columba's College, University of Western Australia 301
St Cyril 493
St Demetrius of Salonika 498
St Dominic's 287
St Elijah church 498, 499
St Frances’ College, Brisbane 134
St Francis of Assisi 217
St George and Holy Mother of God church 499
St Gertrude Stein 226
St Hedwig Homes 577
St Hurmizd Assyrian Primary School, Sydney 164
St Ignatius Riverview School (Sydney) 37, 249, 676
St James Church, Sydney 128
St John Fisher College, University of Tasmania 252
St John of God Sisters 104, 274, 275, 687
St John's Anglican Church, Canberra 120
St John's College, Morpeth 134, 137
St John's College, Sydney University 249, 250
St Joseph's, Croydon 281
St Joseph's Mission 105
St Kilda Hebrew Congregation 351
St Kilda Synagogue 369
St Leo's College, Brisbane 252
St Louis School, Western Australia 251, 252
St Mark the Evangelist and Apostle 305
St Mark's Coptic College 308
St Mark's Foundation for History (United States) 306
St Mark's National Theological Centre, Canberra 134
St Maroun 279
St Maroun's Church, Redfern 280
St Maroun's Church, Brisbane 281
St Mary's Catholic Cathedral and Convent, Hobart 232
St Mary's College, University of Melbourne 274
St Mary's Coptic College 308
St Maximilian Kolbe 226
St Methodius 493
St Michael Church, Sydney 283
St Naum of Ohrid monastery church 498
St Nicholas Church, Perth 498
St Nicholas Russian Orthodox Church, Brisbane 684
St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne 222, 237
St Patrick's College Manly 241, 243, 252, 256
St Paul's College, University of Sydney 134
St Paul's Mission 101
St Paul's Theological College for the Torres Strait 101
St Peter 226, 227, 282–3
St Peter Julian's 287
St Peter's College 539
St Peter's, Eastern Hill, Melbourne 145
St Prochorus of Pcinja monastery church 498
St Sava 504, 505, 508
St Shenouda the Archimandrite Monastery 309
St Thomas 510
St Thomas Aquinas 218, 223
St Thomas Moore College, University of Western Australia 252
St Thomas the Apostle 276
St Thomas the Apostle Cathedral 276, 277, 279
St Vincent de Paul Society 227, 687, 690, 691, 693
St Vincent Liem Vietnamese Catholic Community Centre 651
St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney 238, 275, 651
Standing Conference of the Canonical Orthodox Churches in Australia 489, 512
Stanford, Thomas Welton 573
Stanner, W.E.H. 69, 73, 76, 78, 89
Stasiuk, Bishop Peter 284
Steicke, Lance 394
Steiner, Rudolph 16, 155, 578
Steiner schools 155
Stephen, James 318
Stephen, Sir Ninian 171
Stephens, Thomas Blacket 174
Stevens, Bertram 412
Stevens, Glenn 180
Stevens, Major W.J. 534
Stewart, Charles 173
Stewart, Sir Frederick 412
Stirling, Governor James 103
Stokes, Jenny 215
Stokes, Peter 215
Stolz, J.J. 391
Stone, Barton Warren 295
Stradbroke Island mission 100
Strangers Friends’ Societies 686
Strathalan Home, Melbourne 179
Strathcona Girls’ Grammar School, Victoria 178
Strehlow, Carl Friedrich Theodor 73, 77, 102, 105, 397
Strehlow, Theodor George Henry 83
Strele, Anton 247
Stretch, Bishop J.F. 136
Strong, Charles 37, 166, 527, 532
structuralism 76
Stuckey, Samuel 569
Student Christian Movement 302, 321, 539
Sturgeon, Frank 160
Sturgeon, Inez 160
Stylianos Harkianakis, Archbishop 488, 489, 490
Sudanese immigrants 651
Sufaqa, John 163
Sufi Muslims 597
Sugden, Dr E.H. 409
Summer Institute of Linguistics 73
Sunday Liberation Society 166
Sunga 187
Sunshine Coast Grammar School 539
Sunshine Gospel Hall 158
Sunshine Mosque, Melbourne 457
Sunshine Revival 158
Supply River Methodist Church 412
Suriel, Bishop 308
Sutherland, Sulina 532, 688
Sutton, Peter 86
Suu Kyi, Aung San 197, 198
Suzuki, Diasetzu Teitaro 192, 206
Sveta Petka monastery 498
Swaggart, Jimmy 61, 521
Swain, Tony 73–4, 78, 92, 93
Swaiti, Imam Mohammed 463
Swan, Charles 174
Swan Native and Half-caste Home 104
Swan River Colony 106
Jesuit college in
Swedenborg, Emanuel 294, 572, 575–6
belief in communication with the spirit world 576
principles 575
Swedenborgian New Church 574, 575–6
in Australia 576
church buildings 576
membership 576
origins of 576
Sydney
Chinese in
distribution of religious adherences 48–9
Jews in 48, 351, 358
non-believers 605
Russian Orthodox in 502
Sydney Gay Mardi Gras 38
Sydney Insight Meditators 209–10
Sydney Jewish Museum 359
Sydney Missionary and Bible College 17
Sydney Synagogue 347
Sydney Zen Centre 206
Sylvester 282
Syme, Ebenezer 656
Symes, Joseph 16
Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch in Australia 510
Syrian Orthodox Churches 510–11
in Australia 510
membership 511
in India 510
and the Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch 510
Syriac language 510
Syrian Marthoma Church 510
Sze Yup temple, Melbourne 288
Sze Yup temple, Sydney 288
Tabernacle of Moses 519
Tabor College 598
Tabulam Nursing Home 577
Tager, Andrew 99
tai-chi 288, 290
Taiwan, ‘engaged’ Buddhism 190
Taliban 642
Tanevski, Simon 497
Tao-tsang 289
Taoism 66, 189, 288–90, 680
adherents in Australia 288
temples (joss-houses) 288, 289
Taplin, Frederick William 102
Taplin, George 73, 77, 102
Tappeiner, Joseph 245–6, 248
Tarrant, Roshi John 206
Tasmania
Bretheren in 180–1
Methodists in 406
missions in 97
non-believers 606
Port Arthur Penal Colony 14
religious freedom 611
religious settlement patterns in 45–6
treatment of the Indigenous people in 14
Wesleyan Methodists in 593
Tatz, Prof. Colin 360–1
Tawheed faith 312
Taylor, California 407
Taylor, Clark 520, 598
Taylor, Hudson 319
Taylor, Jeremy 126
Taylor, William 407, 688
Te Haahi Ratana Church 550
Te Kooti 599
Teen Challenge 520
Teichlemann, Christian Gottlieb 73, 101
televangelism 643
temperance legislation 18
Temple Beth Israel 354
Temple Emanuel 354
Temple Society 577–8
Templer Home for the Aged 577
Templers 577–8
in Australia
German language schools 578
integration into society 577
teachings 577
Temple Society Australia
activities and services 577
and the Glen Eira Ministers’ Association 577
and the Knox Interfaith Network 577
maintenance of German cultural heritage 577
organisation of 577
structure of 577
Sunday schools 577
Templer Home for the Aged 577
Templeton, J.M. 175
Tenison Woods, Julian 12, 239, 272, 273
Tennant, Kylie 381
Tenrikyo 600
terrorism and fundamentalism 643
terrorism laws 683
Terry, W.H. 200, 573
Tetzel, Johann 384
Tewahedo 314
The Arminian Magazine 404
The Australian Friend publication 548
The Bulletin 239, 587
The Epoch Times newspaper 290
The Grail 15
The Magdalene Sisters (film) 245
The Rock newspaper 256, 661
The Tribune newspaper 490
The Troth 516
The Watchman newspaper 256
The Watchtower 343
The Worker 660
Theile, F.O. 393
theocracies 32
Theodore (bishop of Canterbury) 121
Theodore of Mopsuestia 162
Theodosius I 216
Theophylactos Papathanasopoulos, Archimandrite 483, 484, 485
administrative performance 484
Theosophical Adventist movement 381
Theosophical Christianity 380
Theosophical Society 65, 192, 200, 334, 380, 578
Australian branch 200
radio station 2GB 579
Theosophy 16, 65, 66, 155, 200, 574, 578–80
Advance Australia magazine 579
in Australia 578
and Buddhism 191–3
Harbinger of Light journal 200
Hobart lodge 578
membership 579
Morven Garden School 579
numbers claiming adherence 580
objective of 200
tolerance and freedom of thought 578
Theosophy in Australia journal 578, 579
Therry, Father John 229, 236, 237, 239, 248, 646
Therry, Roger 237
Thomas a Kempis 267
Thomas, Dr John 291
Thomas, E.J. 191
Thomas, Jack 462
Thomas, William Kyffin 174
Thomson, Dr Alexander 529
Thorne, Serrena 407
Threlkeld, Biraban 11
Threlkeld, Lancelot 11, 37, 73, 98, 106
Tibetan Buddhism 188–9
Tighe, Mrs Margaret 263
Tillich, Paul 22
Tilsley, Colin 182
Timotheos Evangellinidis, Metropolitan 483, 490
Timothy, Bishop 495, 500
Tirikatene, Eruera 550
Tito, Josip Broz 506
Tiwi Designs 84
Tiwi Pima Art 84
Tjalkabota, Moses 397
Tjapaltjarri, Billy Stockman 83
Tjapaltjarri, Clifford Possum 83
Tjupurrula, Turkey Tolson 85
Tokaikolo Church 513, 514
Toma, Monsignor Zuhair 276
Tongan Christian Fellowship 651
Tongan Free Wesleyan Church 513
Tonkinson, Robert 89
Toohey, Mr Justice 81
Torbay, Richard 341
Torres Strait Islanders 68
and the Anglican Catholic Church 119
Haddon Expedition 72, 73, 75
Pentecostalism 73
Torres Strait, missions in 100–1
Torrey, R.A. 517, 536
Torriegani, Father Elzear 239
Townson, Bishop Sania 119
trade unions 259, 567
See also labour movement
Traditional Anglican Communion 119, 139, 144, 148
Trajkovski, Boris 501
Transcendental Meditation 335, 600
transparency 628
Trappist missionaries 104
Travellers’ Aid Society 177
Treaty of Waitangi 550
Trinity College, University of Melbourne 134
Tsong-kha-pa 189
Tucker, Father Gerard 690
Tucker, Margaret 90, 108
Tuckfield, Francis 98, 406
Turnbull, Malcolm 265
Turnbull Trust 531
Turner, Naomi 235
Twelve Tribes 601
Twentieth Century quarterly 252
Twitchell, Paul 601
Tybingoompa, Gladys 117
Tylor, Edward Burnett 73, 74
Tylor, Max 22
Tyndale, William 640
Tyreman, John 573
U Nu 197
U Ottama 197
U Thittila 202
Udy, James 584
Uklein, Simeon 415
Ukrainian Autocephalic Church 512
Ukrainian Catholic Church 230, 283–4, 473
bishops 283
Cathedral of SS Peter and Paul 284
Church and Life/Tserkva I Zhittia journal 284
Church in Canberra 284
Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church 283
Ukrainian Orthodox Church 284, 473, 511
and the Church in Diaspora 512
ul-Haque, Izhar 462
Ullathorne, William 13, 229, 237, 238, 646
Ultraquists 385
Umbakumba mission 105
Umeewarra mission 110
Unaipon, David 90, 102
UNESCO Chair in Interreligious and Intercultural Affairs, Monash University 637
Ungern-Steingurb, Baron 481
Ungunmerr, Miriam-Rose 91, 95
Uniate Church 284
Uniates 283
Unification Church 601
Unitarianism 16, 576, 581–2, 599
in Australia 581
Melbourne Church 582
membership 582
beliefs of 582
and the Enlightenment 581
intellectual appeal of 581
Manchester College 581
United Aborigines Mission 92, 97, 102, 104, 108, 110
missions in South Australia 103
United Australia Party 579
United Church of Canada 540
United Church of Christ 634
United Evangelical Church 173
United Evangelical Lutheran Church in Australia 393
United Evangelical Lutheran Church of Germany 389
United Faculty of Theology 253, 302, 539
United Free Methodists 405
United Kingdom
Act of Union 1707 524
assisted migration to Australia 59, 138
Catholic Emancipation Act 232, 237, 255
Colonial Land and Emigration Commission 9
colonial missionary colleges 10
dissenting Protestant traditions 7
Empire Settlement Act 1922 559
established churches 7
freedom of worship 30
influence of Anglicanism in Scotland, Cornwall and Wales 58
Ireland and 59
religion in 2, 57
Roman Catholicism and 7
schisms in religions in 58–9
United Kingdom Spiritualist National Union 574
United Lodge of Theosophists 579
United Muslim Women's Association 467
United Nations Association 171
United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 649
United Nations Development Fund for Women 704
United Nations Development Program 695
United Nations Economic and Social Council 549
United Presbyterian Church 524
United States
‘African’ churches 62
constitutional separation of church and state 61
disestablishment of the Anglican church 29
fundamentalism in 63, 639, 643
fundamentalist media 643
Great Awakenings 563, 572, 639
Great Disappointment 564
influences in Australia 62
Methodism in 640
missionaries from 17
non-Christian faiths 63
religious activity in 639
religious influences in 61–2
revival movements 640
revivals 17
separation of church and state 609, 610, 668
United States Joint Distribution Committee 354
United Theological College 539
Uniting Aboriginal and Islander Christian Congress 92, 111, 112, 114, 587, 589
Uniting Church of Australia 21, 299–304, 414, 540, 590, 634
and Aboriginal rights 589
abortion debate 590
age of its following 50
allocation of schools 541
and the Anglican Church 583
baptism 590
Basis of Union 582, 584, 585
church government 585–6
conciliarity 586
influences on 585
introduction of bishops
revision of 585
charismatic services 643
and church properties 541
church-union discussions 584
Commission for Social Responsibility 587
covenant with Aboriginal people 589
dialogues with other churches 583
ecumenical character of 583, 588
First Assembly 586
formal apology to Aboriginal people 589
formation and character of 582–90
formation of 111
guidelines for property sharing 588
and homosexuality 591
and Indigenous people 586, 589
and the media 587
membership 582
Multicultural (and Cross-cultural) Ministry 588
Multicultural Forum 587
multicultural policy 587, 588, 589
multicultural theologies 588
name 585
New South Wales Board of Social Responsibility 587
New Times 661
and the Noonkanbah Conflict 587
ordination of women 708
overseas and Aboriginal missions 541
Queensland Synod 114
and reconciliation 113, 589
Refugee Ministry 651
and the Roman Catholic Church 583
size of its following 50
social justice 111, 586, 616
social welfare work 585
Tongan Parish 514
and the Uniting Aboriginal and Islander Christian Congress 112, 587, 589
Wesleyan Methodists and 592
Uniting Church of Australia, Social Responsibility and Justice Committee 111
Universal House of Justice 171
Université St Joseph 279
University of Breslau, Theological Faculty 389
Uniya 653
Urban Mission Unit 179
Vaile, Mark 265
Valdez, Adolfo C. 158, 160, 518, 520
value conflict, complexity of 628–9, 631
values 3, 627
See also morality
Van Diemen's Land, Anglicans in 129
Van Eyk, F.B. 159, 518, 519
Varaklas, Archimandrite Athenagoras 482
Vassilios Komvopoulos, Metropolitan 483
Vattagamani (king of Sri Lanka) 187
Vaughan, Roger 233, 239, 249
Vedanta Society of New South Wales 334
Vedas 329
Venkatesnanada, Swami 335
Verran, John 410
Victoria
Aborigines Protection Act 1886 100
Baptists in 175
Board of Protection of Aborigines 99, 100
Brethren in 181
Church Missionary Society 135
Coucil of Imams 427
Greek Orthodox Church in 489–90
licensed child rescuers 688–9
Methodists in 406
missions in 98–100
Presbyterians in 529, 530–1
Psychological Practices Act 562
Psychology Council 562
Racial and Religious Tolerance Act 2001 214, 661
religious settlement patterns in 45
and Scientology 562
Welsh eisteddfods 533
Wesleyan Methodists in 593
Victorian Association of Progressive Spiritualists 16
Victorian Association of Spiritualists 572, 573, 574, 575
Harbinger of Light journal 573
Victorian Baptist Fund 175
Victorian Baptist Theological College, Melbourne 178
Victorian Council for Christians and Jews 636
Victorian Council of Churches 309
Victorian Fabian Society 166
Victorian Land Settlement Association 349
Victorian Law Reform Commission Inquiry on the Law of Abortion 705
Victorian Spiritualists’ Union 574
Vietnamese immigrants 20, 202, 650
Virtue, Hannah 294
Virtue, William Wright 294
Vladimir the Great 478
Vogelsang, Hermann 102
Voice of Healing 520
Voice of Melody 181
Voice of Orthodoxy journal 490
von Sturmer, John 76, 89
Vranskovski, Bishop Jovan 495
Wade, Abdul 276
Wadeye mission 105
Wai, John Young 285, 286
Wakefield, Edward Gibbon 14
Waldersee, James 235
Wale, Graham 382
Wales, evangelicalism in 532
Walker, Alan 412, 414, 653
Walker, George Washington 9, 547
Walker, Thomas 573
Walker, William 11, 98, 106
Wandell, Charles W. 376
Wandering Mission 104
Wandjina 5, 6
Wanganeen, James 102
Warangesda mission 98, 108
Ward, Rowland 596
Wardell, W.W. 248
Warhurst, John 704
Warndekan, Rachel 104
Warner, W. Lloyd 80
Warry, R.S. 174
Warry, Thomas Symes 174
Wartburg Seminary 393
Watch Tower and Bible Tract Society 343
Waten, Judah 359
Watson, James 105–6
Watson, Michael 249
Waugh, Dr 407
Waverley Christian Family 521
Waverly Christian Fellowship 327, 329
Way College 407
Way, Samuel 406
Wayside Chapel 692
Webb, T.T. 105
Weber, Max 22, 700
Webster, David 174
Wedgwood, James Ingall 380, 381
Weikert, Francis 246
welfare work 685–94
aged-care facilities 690
dependence on government funding 691
hostels 690
maternity homes 690
outsourcing to non-government agencies 616, 693
professionalisation of 689, 690, 691
subscriber-charity model of 685, 693
theological justification for 689
women's invisibility in 702
Wellbeing and Security Survey 713, 714
Wellington Valley mission 98
Wells, Ann 109
Wells, Edgar 105, 109
Welsh Church, La Trobe Street, Melbourne 415
Welsh Revival 518
Were, Arthur 481
Wesley College 407
Wesley, Rev. Charles 404, 405
Wesley, Rev. John 126, 127, 404, 555
Christian Library 405
Doctrine of Perfection 555
Prayer Book 405
publications 405
Wesleyan Chronicle 407
Wesleyan Church 405
Wesleyan Methodists 555, 592–3
Central Missions 15, 688–9
Kingsley College 593
in New South Wales 593
in Queensland 593
in South Australia 593
in Tasmania 593
in the United States 592
in Victoria 593
in Western Australia 103
Wesleyan Missionary Society 98, 106
Wesleyan World Fellowship 593
West End Baptist Mission, Adelaide 179
West, John 13
Westermann, John 415
Western Australia
‘Afghans’ in 569
Albanian Muslims in 447
government policies 104
Methodists in 406, 408
missions in 103–5
Native Administration Act 1936 109
New Norcia mission 12, 37, 102, 103, 107, 247
Noonkanbah conflict 587
Presbyterians in 530
religious settlement patterns in 46
and Scientology 562
Scientology Act 1968 562, 563
Wesleyan Methodists in 593
Western Australian Missionary Society 103
Western Sydney Catholic Chinese Community 287
Westminster Confession 524, 526, 527, 543, 551
Westminster Presbyterian Church 544
Westminster Theological College 542
Whale, W.T. 176
Wheeler, Rob 160, 520
White Australia Policy
abolition of 36, 42
exclusion of non-Christians 20, 53
White, Ellen 564
White, Mary 84
White, Thomas W. 353
White, William Clarence 564
Whitefield, George 62, 127, 404, 405
Whitgift, John 123
Whitlam, Gough 262
Whitlam Labor government, needs-based funding for schools 262, 671
Whitley College, Melbourne 178
Who's for Australia? league 579
Wicca 63, 515–16, 603, 710
The Wiccan Conference 516
Weipa mission 101
Wiggins, H.E. 160, 161
Wigglesworth, Smith 518
Wik decision of the High Court 113, 117
Wilberforce, William 8, 317, 652
Wilders, Geert 662
Wilkinson family 215
Willason, Thomas 410
Williaime, Jean-Paul 609
William I (king of England) 121
William of Orange 126
Williams, Archbishop Rowan 153
Williams, Arthur 343
Williams, Colin 413
Williams, Nancy 619
Willson, Bishop 237
Wilson, Benjamin 173
Wilson, Sir Ronald 113, 590
Witchcraft 515
Alexandrian Witches 515
‘casting a circle’ 515
covens 515
festivals 515
Gernerian Witches 515
in the media 516
numbers of 516, 680
publications 515
rituals 515
Witches Workshop 516
women
and alternative religions 709–10
assisted immigrants in Australia 30
charitable activities of 693
control of sexuality and reproduction 703–6
and education 119
in Greek religion 698
‘honour killings’ of 644, 705
idealisation of 697, 698
Indigenous Australians 79–82
and interfaith activities 710
issues for 703–8
as missionaries 96
ordination to the ministry 15, 33, 119, 708–9
and religion 695–711
religious representations of 698–700
in religious structures 700–3
role of 15, 696
semi-professional church work 15
social control of 703
status of 710
subordination of 695
welfare work 689
Women's Auxiliary for Overseas Missions 409
Women's Christian Temperance Union 176, 540
Women's Inter-Church Council 177
Women's Interfaith Network 710
Women's International Zionist Organisation 358
Women's Ordination Worldwide 709
Women's Work exhibition, Alice Springs 85
Wood, D’Arcy 414
Wood, Dr Harold 414
Woodhouse, F.V. 215
Woods, Archbishop Sir Frank 636
Woods, Frederick 180, 181
Woodstock Presbyterian Girls School 530
Woodward Commission 618
Woolley, Margaret 578
Woorren Lea 539
Word Faith Movement 327, 328
World Alliance of Reformed Churches 542, 583
World Conference of Religions for Peace 633, 635, 636
World Conference of Religions for Peace Australia 636, 637, 638
World Conference on Religion and Peace 171
World Council of Churches 306, 309, 310, 634
Australian Committee 634
Programme to Combat Racism 110
World Fellowship of Buddhists 201
World Parliament of Religions 192
World Reformed Fellowship 542
World Vision 322
World Wide Church of God 293
Worley, A.S. 160, 520
Worms, Father Ernest Ailred 73
Wowinda, Fred 99
Wren, John 176
Wroe, John 293
Wyclif, John 121, 385
Wyndham family 215
Xavier College, Melbourne 249
Yalata mission 102
Yang, Myong Duk 588, 589
Yarrabah mission 101
Yazbeck, Father 280
Yelta mission 99, 100
Yeperenye Festival 86
Yerrinbool Bahá‘í Centre of Learning 170
Yeshe, Lama Thubten 205
Yeshivah College, St Kilda East 674
Yirrkala Mission 105, 109
Yirrkala people 106
Yiu Ming temple 288
Yoido Full Gospel Church (South Korea) 327, 521
Yolngu people 109
Yoo-Crowe, Seongja 588
York Street Synagogue 351
Yothu Yindi Foundation 86
Young, Archbishop Guilford 252
Young, Brigham 376
Young Christian Workers 260
Young family 181
Young Friends movement 548
Young Irelanders 241
Young Men's Christian Association 540, 633
Young, Norman 413
young people
and baptism 712
church attendance 714, 715
and church-run schools 716
and confirmation 712
forms of religious expression among 714–16
impact of religion on 716
and religion 712–17
religious education of 716
secularisation 713–14
socialisation into religious communities 712–13
spirituality 713–14
and Sunday schools 712
Young, Rev. Robert 406
Young Women's Christian Association 294, 540
Yuendumu Sports Weekend 85
Yugoslavia 505, 506, 508
migration agreement with 506, 508
Yule, George 585
Yunupingu, Galarrwuy 619
Yusuf, Irfan 456, 461
Zable, Arnold 359
Zaia, Bishop Mar Meelis 163, 164
Zalman, Rabbi Schneur 355
Zarathustra 594
legacy of 595
philosophy 594
Zenana missions 533
Zeytoun, Father Zakaria 510
Ziade, Monsignor 280
Zinzendorf, Count Nikolaus Ludwig von 417
Zion Hill mission 100
Zionism 643
Zionist Federation of Australia 356, 358
Zionist movement 349, 355, 364, 366, 371
Zion's Watchtower 343
Zopa, Lama Thubten 205
Zoroastrians 20, 66, 595, 594–6
Ahura Mazda 594
Ajahn Brahm 595
beliefs and practices 596
beliefs of 594
equality of men and women 595
fire 595
numbers of 596
resurrection of the body 595
Zreika, Tom 463
Zschech, Darlene 326
Zwingli, Ulrich 218, 387
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