People and Wildlife

Cambridge University Press
0521825059 - People and Wildlife - Conflict or Coexistence? - Edited by Rosie Woodroffe, Simon Thirgood and Alan Rabinowitz
Frontmatter/Prelims

People and Wildlife

Conflict or Coexistence?

Human–wildlife conflict is a major issue in conservation. As people encroach into natural habitats, and as conservation efforts restore wildlife to areas where they may have been absent for generations, contact between people and wild animals is growing. Some species, even the beautiful and endangered, can have serious impacts on human lives and livelihoods. Tigers kill people, elephants destroy crops and African wild dogs devastate sheep herds left unattended. Historically, people have responded to these threats by killing wildlife wherever possible, and this has led to the endangerment of many species that are difficult neighbours. The urgent need to conserve such species, however, demands coexistence of people and endangered wildlife. This book presents a variety of solutions to human–wildlife conflicts, including novel and traditional farming practices, offsetting the costs of wildlife damage through hunting and tourism, and the development of local and national policies.

ROSIE WOODROFFE is Associate Professor of Conservation Biology at the University of California, Davis.

SIMON THIRGOOD is Science Leader for Ecology at the Macaulay Institute in Aberdeen, Scotland.

ALAN RABINOWITZ is Director of the Science and Exploration Division for the Wildlife Conservation Society based at the Bronx Zoo in New York.

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Conservation Biology

Conservation biology is a flourishing field, but there is still enormous potential for making further use of the science that underpins it. This new series aims to present internationally significant contributions from leading researchers in particularly active areas of conservation biology. It will focus on topics where basic theory is strong and where there are pressing problems for practical conservation. The series will include both single-authored and edited volumes and will adopt a direct and accessible style targeted at interested undergraduates, postgraduates, researchers and university teachers. Books and chapters will be rounded, authoritative accounts of particular areas with the emphasis on review rather than original data papers. The series is the result of collaboration between the Zoological Society of London and Cambridge University Press. The series editors are Professor Morris Gosling, Professor of Animal Behaviour at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Professor John Gittleman, Professor of Biology at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Dr Rosie Woodroffe of the University of California, Davis and Dr Guy Cowlishaw of the Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London. The series ethos is that there are unexploited areas of basic science that can help define conservation biology and bring a radical new agenda to the solution of pressing conservation problems.

Published Titles

1. Conservation in a Changing World, edited by Georgina Mace, Andrew Balmford and Joshua Ginsberg 0 521 63270 6 (hardcover), 0 521 63445 8 (paperback)

2. Behaviour and Conservation, edited by Morris Gosling and William Sutherland 0 521 66230 3 (hardcover), 0 521 66539 6 (paperback)

3. Priorities for the Conservation of Mammalian Diversity, edited by Abigail Entwistle and Nigel Dunstone 0 521 77279 6 (hardcover), 0 521 77536 1 (paperback)

4. Genetics, Demography and Viability of Fragmented Populations, edited by Andrew G. Young and Geoffrey M. Clarke 0 521 782074 (hardcover), 0 521 794218 (paperback)

5. Carnivore Conservation, edited by John L. Gittleman, Stephan M. Funk, David Macdonald and Robert K. Wayne 0 521 66232 X (hardcover), 0 521 66537 X (paperback)

6. Conservation of Exploited Species, edited by John D. Reynolds, Georgina M. Mace, Kent H. Redford and John G. Robinson 0 521 78216 3 (hardcover), 0 521 78733 5 (paperback)

7. Conserving Bird Biodiversity, edited by Ken Norris and Deborah J. Pain 0 521 78340 2 (hardcover), 0 521 78949 4 (paperback)

8. Reproductive Science and Integrated Conservation, edited by William V. Holt, Amanda R. Pickard, John C. Rodger and David E. Wildt 0 521 81215 1 (hardcover), 0 521 01110 8 (paperback)

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People and Wildlife

Conflict or Coexistence?

Edited by

ROSIE WOODROFFE, SIMON THIRGOOD AND ALAN RABINOWITZ

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CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
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CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK

Printed in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York

www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521825059

© The Zoological Society of London 2005

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without
the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2005

Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge

A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data

ISBN-13 978-0-521-82505-9 hardback

ISBN-10 0-521-82505-9 hardback

ISBN-13 978-0-521-53203-5 paperback

ISBN-10 0-521-53203-5 paperback

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for
external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not
guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.

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Contents

List of contributors					page viii
Foreword by					xiii
JOHN G. ROBINSON
Acknowledgements					xvi
1	The impact of human–wildlife conflict on natural systems				1
	ROSIE WOODROFFE, SIMON THIRGOOD AND ALAN RABINOWITZ
2	The impact of human–wildlife conflict on human lives and livelihoods				13
	SIMON THIRGOOD, ROSIE WOODROFFE AND ALAN RABINOWITZ
3	Characterization and prevention of attacks on humans				27
	HOWARD QUIGLEY AND STEPHEN HERRERO
4	Non-lethal techniques for reducing depredation				49
	URS BREITENMOSER, CHRISTOF ANGST, JEAN-MARC LANDRY, CHRISTINE BREITENMOSER-WÜRSTEN, JOHN D. C. LINNELL AND JEAN-MARC WEBER
5	Techniques to reduce crop loss: human and technical dimensions in Africa				72
	FERREL V. OSBORN AND CATHERINE M. HILL
6	Evaluating lethal control in the management of human–wildlife conflict				86
	ADRIAN TREVES AND LISA NAUGHTON-TREVES
7	Bearing the costs of human–wildlife conflict: the challenges of compensation schemes				107
	PHILIP J. NYHUS, STEVEN A. OSOFSKY, PAUL FERRARO, FRANCINE MADDEN AND HANK FISCHER
8	Increasing the value of wildlife through non-consumptive use? Deconstructing the myths of ecotourism and community-based tourism in the tropics				122
	MATTHEW J. WALPOLE AND CHRIS R. THOULESS
9	Does extractive use provide opportunities to offset conflicts between people and wildlife?				140
	NIGEL LEADER-WILLIAMS AND JON M. HUTTON
10	Zoning as a means of mitigating conflicts with large carnivores: principles and reality				162
	JOHN D.  C. LINNELL, ERLEND BIRKELAND NILSEN, UNNI STØBET LANDE, IVAR HERFINDAL, JOHN ODDEN, KETIL SKOGEN, REIDAR ANDERSEN AND URS BREITENMOSER
11	From conflict to coexistence: a case study of geese and agriculture in Scotland				176
	DAVID COPE, JULIET VICKERY AND MARCUS ROWCLIFFE
12	Hen harriers and red grouse: the ecology of a conflict				192
	SIMON THIRGOOD AND STEVE REDPATH
13	Understanding and resolving the black-tailed prairie dog conservation challenge				209
	RICHARD P. READING, LAUREN MCCAIN, TIM W. CLARK AND BRIAN J. MILLER
14	People and elephants in the Shimba Hills, Kenya				224
	TIMOTHY J. KNICKERBOCKER AND JOHN WAITHAKA
15	Safari hunting and conservation on communal land in southern Africa				239
	DALE LEWIS AND JOHN JACKSON
16	Socio-ecological factors shaping local support for wildlife: crop-raiding by elephants and other wildlife in Africa				252
	LISA NAUGHTON-TREVES AND ADRIAN TREVES
17	Jaguars and livestock: living with the world’s third largest cat				278
	ALAN RABINOWITZ
18	People and predators in Laikipia District, Kenya				286
	LAURENCE G. FRANK, ROSIE WOODROFFE AND MORDECAI O. OGADA
19	Searching for the coexistence recipe: a case study of conflicts between people and tigers in the Russian Far East				305
	DALE MIQUELLE, IGOR NIKOLAEV, JOHN GOODRICH, BORIS LITVINOV, EVGENY SMIRNOV AND EVGENY SUVOROV
20	A tale of two countries: large carnivore depredation and compensation schemes in Sweden and Norway				323
	JON E. SWENSON AND HENRICK ANDRÉN
21	Managing wolf–human conflict in the northwestern United States				340
	EDWARD E. BANGS, JOSEPH A. FONTAINE, MICHAEL D. JIMENEZ, THOMAS J. MEIER, ELIZABETH H. BRADLEY, CARTER C. NIEMEYER, DOUGLAS W. SMITH, CURT M. MACK, VAL ASHER AND JOHN K. OAKLEAF
22	Policies for reducing human–wildlife conflict: a Kenya case study				357
	DAVID WESTERN AND JOHN WAITHAKA
23	An ecology-based policy framework for human–tiger coexistence in India				373
	K. ULLAS KARANTH AND RAJESH GOPAL
24	The future of coexistence: resolving human–wildlife conflicts in a changing world				388
	ROSIE WOODROFFE, SIMON THIRGOOD AND ALAN RABINOWITZ
References					406
Index					478

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Contributors

REIDAR ANDERSEN
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research
Tungasletta 2
N-7485 Trondheim
Norway

HENRIK ANDRÉN
Grimsö Wildlife Research Station
Department of Conservation Biology
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
SE-730 91 Riddarhyttan
Sweden

CHRISTOF ANGST KORA
Thunstrasse 31
CH-3074 Muri
Switzerland

VAL ASHER
Turner Endangered Species Fund
1123 Research Drive
Bozeman, MT 59718
USA

EDWARD E. BANGS
US Fish and Wildlife Service
100 N Park, #320
Helena, MT 59601
USA

ELIZABETH H. BRADLEY
School of Forestry
University of Montana
Missoula, MT 59812
USA

URS BREITENMOSER
Institute of Veterinary Virology
University of Bern
Länggasstrasse 122
CH-3074 Bern
Switzerland

CHRISTINE BREITENMOSER-WÜRSTEN KORA
Thunstrasse 31
CH-3074 Muri
Switzerland

TIM W. CLARK
Yale University School of Forestry and Environmental Studies
205 Prospect Street
New Haven, CT 06511
USA

DAVID COPE
The Macaulay Institute
Craigiebuckler
Aberdeen AB15 8QH
UK

PAUL FERRARO
Andrew Young School of Policy Studies
Georgia State University
33 Gilmer Street Unit 2
Atlanta, GA 30303
USA

HANK FISCHER
National Wildlife Federation
Northern Rockies Natural Resource Center
240 N Higgins, #2
Missoula, MT 59802
USA

JOSEPH A. FONTAINE
US Fish and Wildlife Service
100 N Park, #320
Helena, MT 59601
USA

LAURENCE G. FRANK
Museum of Vertebrate Zoology
University of California
Berkeley, CA 94720
USA

JOHN GOODRICH
Wildlife Conservation Society
2300 Southern Boulevand
Bronx
New York, NY 10460
USA

RAJESH GOPAL
Project Tiger–Government of India
Bikaner House Annexe-5
Sha Jahan Road
New Delhi-110 011
India

IVAR HERFINDAL
Biology Institute
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
N-7491 Trondheim
Norway

STEPHEN HERRERO
Faculty of Environmental Design
University of Calgary
Calgary, Alberta
T2T 2Y2
Canada

CATHERINE M. HILL
Department of Anthropology
School of Social Sciences and Law
Oxford Brookes University
Gipsy Lane Campus
Oxford OX3 0HP
UK

JON M. HUTTON
Fauna and Flora International
Great Eastern House
Tenison Road
Cambridge CBI 2TT
UK

JOHN JACKSON
World Conservation Force
Suite 1045, 3900 N Causeway Boulevand
Metarie, LA 70002
USA

MICHAEL D. JIMENEZ
US Fish and Wildlife Service
100 N Park, #320
Helena, MT 59601
USA

K. ULLAS KARANTH
Wildlife Conservation Society
Bronx
New York, NY 10460
USA

TIMOTHY J. KNICKERBOCKER
Central College
812 University
Pella, IA 50219
USA

UNNI STØBET LANDE
Biology Institute
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
N-7491 Trondheim
Norway

JEAN-MARC LANDRY KORA
Thunstrasse 31
CH-3074 Muri
Switzerland

NIGEL LEADER-WILLIAMS
Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology
Department of Anthropology
University of Kent
Canterbury CT2 7NS
UK

DALE LEWIS
Wildlife Conservation Society
Plot #8471 Haile Salasie Road
Long Acres
P/Bag E891 Post Net #397
Manda Hill, Lusaka
Zambia

JOHN D. C. LINNELL
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research
Tungasletta 2
N-7485 Trondheim
Norway

BORIS LITVINOV
Tiger Response Team
Inspection Tiger
Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation
Terney, Primorye
Russia

CURT M. MACK
Nez Perce Tribe
1000 Mission
McCall, ID 83638
USA

FRANCINE MADDEN
2001 12th Street NW, Suite 317
Washington, DC 20009
USA

LAUREN MCCAIN
Department of Political Science
University of Colorado
Campus Box 333
Boulder, CO 80309
USA

THOMAS J. MEIER
US Fish and Wildlife Service
100 N Park, #320
Helena, MT 59601
USA

BRIAN J. MILLER
Denver Zoological Foundation
2900 East 23rd Avenue
Denver, CO 80205
USA

DALE MIQUELLE
Wildlife Conservation Society
2300 Southern Boulevand
Bronx
New York, NY 10460
USA

LISA NAUGHTON-TREVES
Department of Geography
University of Wisconsin
550 North Park Street
Madison, WI 53706
USA

CARTER C. NIEMEYER
US Fish and Wildlife Service
1387 Vinnel Way, Rm 368
Boise, ID 83709
USA

IGOR NIKOLAEV
Institute of Biology and Soils
Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Vladivostok, Primorye
Russia

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