Cognitive Archaeology and Human Evolution

Cognitive Archaeology and Human Evolution

Index

Abang 59

abstraction 1, 6, 13, 23, 26, 87

Abu Hureyra 123

abundance and density, demographical

See demography

Acheulean 38, 40, 55, 78, 81, 100, 107, 112–113

bifaces

See underbifaces

handaxe 27–28

industry 27

tools 27

See also Lower Palaeolithic

activities

sequential behavioral 84, 115

symbolic 113, 115

adaptation 5, 24, 59, 112

activity, chains of 75, 81

See also chaîne opératoire

adz-making skill 28–29

A-Focus 60–66, 68–71

Africa 77, 82, 84, 100, 102, 109, 113, 117–118, 122, 135, 137

East 57

southern 15, 123

algorithmic devices 124–125

analogical reasoning

See analogy

analogy 3, 5–8, 13, 77, 78

anthropoid 77

ape(s) 2–3, 7, 26, 37, 38, 59, 76–77, 79, 112

bipedal 111, 113

appreciation

logicomathematical 76–77

visual/spatial 76

apprenticeships 10–11, 14, 28, 54, 98

archaeological record 25, 28, 30, 38, 57, 82, 113, 117–118, 121, 135, 149

archaeological validity 119

archaeology 2, 37

cognitive 2, 55, 117–118

evolutionary cognitive (ECA) 145–149

Palaeolithic 75, 147–148

Archaic technology 122

armatures, bone and antler 122

articulatory loop 120

artifact(s) 25, 38, 41–42, 47, 57–59, 73, 76, 78–80, 89–90, 121, 124–125, 147, 148

See also tool(s)

Asia 102, 109, 136

southwest 57, 84

western 113

assemblage(s) 78, 83, 87, 92–93, 96, 148

Ault 103

Aurignacian 4, 118

Australopithecines

See Australopithecus

Australopithecus 8, 16, 40

---

Baddeley, Alan 120, 136

Bar Yosef, Ofer 28

behavior(s) 33, 57, 59, 66–67, 75, 79, 82, 86, 115, 118, 120, 135

alternative choices 82

alternative patterns of creative 16

Bertolani, Paco 67

Beyries, Sylvie 59

biology, evolutionary 81

biface(s) 7, 27, 41, 45, 47, 50, 52, 78, 83, 100–101, 104

bifacial edge 27

bifacial tool(s) 100, 102

Bilzingsleben 4

bipedality, terrestrial 111

blank(s) 27, 48, 78–80, 83

Bleed, Peter 122

Blombos Cave 15, 119, 125

bone shaping 4

bonobo(s) 59, 80

Bordes, François 95, 97, 100

brain 10–12, 15, 17–18, 20–22, 24, 33, 34, 37, 75, 86, 89, 131, 131, 135, 146

circuitry 81, 84

growth 8, 10

neuropsychological organization of 1

neurophysiologic differences 2

plasticity 11, 12, 13

size 1, 8, 13, 15, 30, 76, 111–114, 116, 134, 136

Broca, Paul 11, 20, 37

Build Model 133–134

bushbaby (Galago senegalensis) 66, 73

Castel di Guido 4

Caucasus 113

cave art 34, 114

cerebellum 10, 24, 147

cerebral

area 11, 14

blood flow changes 18

circumvolutions 13

cortex 13

crust 8

evolution 3

plasticity 12

recesses 13

structures 1

tissue 11

volume 10

zone, proximity and parallelism 95

chain(s)

of activity 81

alternative behavioral 79, 82

of complex activities 81

effective 67, 69, 72–73

spatiotemporal 80

chaîne opératoire 59, 61, 66, 72–73, 81, 90–91, 95–96, 99, 147–148

chimp(s)

See underchimpanzee

chimpanzee(s) (Pan troglodytes) 6–8, 38, 58–59, 63, 66–69, 73, 80, 108, 133, 139

C_HL (computational system of human language) 130–131

chopper 7, 8, 66–67

Oldowan 59, 61, 63

chopping tool 7, 79

C-I Interface 130

Clacton-on-Sea 67

CNERQ

See Cueva Negra del Estrecho del Río Quípar

cognigram 60–73

cognition 33, 57, 75, 78, 80, 82, 95, 114, 117, 119, 121–122, 124, 137, 139, 146

linguistic 54, 55

Palaeolithic 81

second-order 84

symbolic 2, 114, 115

cognitive 13, 14, 33, 37, 85–87, 89, 91–93, 97, 119, 121–123, 147–148, 149

applications 85

approach(s) 89, 93, 147

aptitudes 2, 7, 11

behavior 59

capability 1, 79, 81

capacity 8, 15, 20, 97, 107, 112

capacity of analogy 5, 7

complexity

See complexity

development 24, 76, 132

evolution

See evolution

factor, problem-solution distance 72

flexibility 18

fluidity 25, 29

neuroscience 146

potential 113

process 66, 73, 85, 87–88

sequence of events 88

skill 1

tools 6

validity 119, 121–123

cognogenesis 82

combinativity 76–77

complexity 69, 87, 90, 121, 148

behavior 66, 72–73, 111

cognitive 7, 59–60, 67, 114

concept 101

retrieve 139

transmit 54

conceptual

capacities 93

forms of nature 92

scheme(s) 59 91

system 131

Conceptual-Intentional 130

conceptualization 55, 76, 101–102, 107, 108

cone of percussion 48, 53

connectionism 10–12

conscience 98

reflexive 10, 55

conscious awareness

See unconscious learning

consciousness 29, 30, 34, 82, 107, 147, 149

altered state(s) of 30, 32

human 25, 82

symbolic 113

constellation(s) 78

Coolidge, Frederick L. 33, 97, 108, 115, 117, 120–121, 123, 136, 141, 146, 149

core 8, 26–28, 39, 43–45, 48, 52, 81, 90, 98–99, 104, 107, 143

rotation 42, 44

scapers 44

core, stone 39, 113

corpus callosum 22

cortical areas 11, 22

creative behavior 16, 115

creative thought 16

creativity 17, 19, 23, 24

neurobiology of 18

Cro Magnon(s) 34, 114

See also Homo sapiens

Cueva Negra del Estrecho del Río Quípar 81–83

curation 69

cutting up 8

de Beaune, Sophie A. 4, 7, 37, 38, 77, 97, 111

debitage 50, 84, 88, 90–91, 95, 99, 105, 108

decision(s) 106–107, 120, 148

decoupling need and satisfaction 69, 72–73

Dehaene, Stanislas 14

Delagnes, Anne 99, 148

demographical density 75

demography 5, 83

deterministic chains of complex activities 81

Dmanisi 113

Donald, Merlin 26, 86

drilling 47

Early Palaeolithic/Early Stone Age 4, 87

edge damage 81

edge property 138

emergence 1, 2, 15, 30, 33, 37–38, 89, 95, 111, 115, 135

of language 107, 129–144

---

emergent cognitive architecture 86

emergent expression 116

Epipalaeolithic 122–123

Europe 82, 84, 102, 109, 113–114, 117, 136

evolution 11

of brain size 1

of cerebral capacities 3

of cognitive capacities 8

cognitive 2, 8, 38, 77, 84, 116, 124

linguistic 75

evolutional feedback loop 34, 63

evolutionary cognitive archaeology, (ECA) 145–149

Evolutionary Synthesis 111

exaptation(s) 5, 14–15, 81, 84, 114

exaptational process 115

experiment(s) 37, 40–41, 44–45, 50, 52–55, 58–59, 67, 69, 75, 144

expert 6

expertise 25

facilities 122

fallacy, finished artifact 79, 147

family tree, hominid 111

feedback, positive 83

finished artifact fallacy

See fallacy

fire 113, 123

controlled use 25, 31

and ritual 25, 30

flake(s) 7–8, 26–28, 42–44, 48–54, 59, 66–67, 69, 78, 80–81, 83, 96, 98–99, 100, 102, 104–105, 107–108, 112

coup du tranchet 49–53

flaking iterations 27

focus 63, 92

passive 63, 67

Fongoli site 66

Fontana Ranuccio 4

foraging, managed 123–124

form(s) 100–101, 106–107, 109, 113, 135, 139, 140, 142

formula 97, 104

FOXP2 139

fracture

conchoidal 96, 98, 108

split 108

frontal area 16, 22

frontal lobe 3, 10, 13, 120–121

function(s)

executive 120–125, 127

gene 136, 139

generalization 6

genetics, molecular 80

Geste et la Parole, Le 145

Gould, Stephen Jay 5, 14

grinding 4

grain 39

hammerstone(s) 8, 44, 48, 66–67, 72–73, 104–105, 107

handaxe(s) 1, 27–29, 41–42, 45–46, 50–53, 69, 79–81, 83, 88, 90, 112, 147

handedness 37–55

Complementary Role Differentiation model 55

healing dances 31

hearths 113

Henshilwood, Christopher 118–119

Hohlenstein-Stadel figurine 125–126, 136

hominid(s) 8, 11, 13, 15, 86, 95, 97, 109, 110–112, 114, 116, 121, 134

hominin(s) 1, 7, 13, 25–26, 29–33, 35, 37–38, 43, 50, 55, 58–59, 63, 69, 72, 75–79, 81–84, 148

first 3, 8, 10

Plio-Pleistocene 81

hominization 1, 8, 10–11, 13, 38

Homo 28

Homo erectus 7, 10, 55, 102, 149

Homo ergaster 40, 55

Homo habilis 100, 108

Homo heidelbergensis 46, 50, 66, 71, 82, 113

Homo helmei 30

Homo neanderthalensis 30, 34, 40, 50, 53, 55, 102, 107, 113–114, 116, 124, 149

---

Homo sapiens 3, 15, 16, 23–25, 30, 33–34, 39, 57, 77, 106–107, 109, 113–114, 120, 123, 135–136, 148

Howiesons Poort 15

hunting 35, 66–68, 148

hypothesis 22, 48, 51, 53, 84, 90, 135

somatic marker 79

working 80, 84

Ice Age 109

ideational know-how 106

imagination 132–133, 136

innovation 5, 15, 16, 112, 115, 126–127, 149

behavioral 112, 115

technological 15, 88, 111, 113

insight, vs noninsight 19

intelligence 29–30, 34, 149

social 25, 29–30, 33

technical 25, 29–30

intention(s) 10, 44, 97, 107, 147

knapper 81

specified 98, 104

intentionality 15, 79, 81, 87–88, 103

interhemispheric process 23

invention(s) 5, 14, 16, 99, 113, 137

cultural 14

of language

See language

process(es) of 4, 6, 121

of stone knapping 7

of stone tools 112

technical 3, 5, 14, 77

inventiveness

chimpanzees 7

See underchimpanzees

Isenya 100–101

Joulian, Frédéric 59, 61, 63, 67

Kada Gona lithics 38

Kanzi 59, 108

Kim-Yal 28–29

Khambat (India) 28

knapped-stone 14, 39, 46, 50, 90, 95–96

See also stone tools

knapper(s) 10, 27, 29, 43–44, 46, 49, 51–52, 66, 80, 82–83, 90, 96–97, 100

knapping 4, 8, 39, 41, 46, 48–49, 50, 55, 60, 78, 83, 91, 96, 103–104, 106, 108

method(s) 52, 54, 96–97

of Oldowan chopper 61–66

parameters of 107

process(es) 67, 81, 87

stone tool(s) 27, 76

See also techniques

knife 8

knowledge 4, 6, 13, 57, 78, 85, 88, 90, 92, 97, 99, 104, 109

Köhler, Wolfgang 7, 58

lance 66–68

language 7, 10–11, 21–23, 37, 53–55, 75–79, 82–83, 95, 106–116, 129–130, 137, 141, 143, 147

chunks (phases) 143

degraded 142

emergence of

See emergence

evolution of 133, 140

experimental-language training 6

invention of 115, 137

motor system(s) 132

prerequisite(s) of 98

processing of 20

protolanguage 75–76, 83, 140

social context 115

symbolic 2

Le Ny, Dominique 5

learning 10, 26, 53–55

Lehringen, Lower Saxony, Germany 67

Leroi-Gourhan, André 95, 145

Levallois 81, 83, 105, 107

blanks 79–80

core 81, 103

debitage 102, 104

method 54

technique 30, 79, 82

---

Levalloisian

See Levallois

Levant 114, 123

Lewis-Williams, David 32, 34

linguistic

context 22

information 7

model 145

skills

See underskills

testing 21

Liolios, Despina 4

lithic 50, 87, 90–92, 95, 121

localizationism 10–13

Lokalalei 2C 98–99, 104, 148

Lower Palaeolithic 25, 29, 31, 45, 47, 49, 52, 55, 67, 69, 73

LTM

See memory

Magdalenian forager 123

Magdalenian hunter 123

Marchant, Linda F. 8, 39

Marean, Curtis 118–119

McClenon, James 31–32

McGrew, William C. 8, 39, 79

MCPH1 136

Mellars, Paul 118

memory 34, 88

capacity 7

declarative memory 139

enhanced working memory (EWM) 121, 124, 127, 131, 136, 140, 144, 149

long-term memory (LTM) 6–7, 11, 13, 75, 83

phonological long-term memory (LTM) 75

procedural long-term memory (LTM) 83

procedural memory 121

working memory (WM) 6, 7, 13, 33–34, 83, 120, 125, 133, 136, 139, 141–143, 149

working memory, capacity 25, 120

working memory, and ritual 33–34

mental

image(s) 100–102, 106

levels of cognition 92

operations 11

representation 6

structure, analysis of 93

mentalese 77

Mesolithic 4, 122

method of knapping

See knapping

microscars 81

Middle Palaeolithic 4, 15, 25, 28–29, 31, 34, 67, 87, 102, 124, 149

Middle Pleistocene

See Pleistocene

Middle Stone Age (MSA) 84, 87, 122

Mithen, Steven 34

mnesic traces 11

Modern Humans

infants 77

See Homo sapiens

monkey 38, 76

Mousterian 81, 83, 118

See also Middle Palaeolithic

MSA

See Middle Stone Age

Mysterians 75–76

N400 response 21

Neanderthal

See Homo neanderthalensis

neocortex 10, 16

Neolithic 4

neural networks 18

neuroimagery 14, 17, 75–76, 147

neuroimaging

See neuroimagery

neuronal connections 8

neurons

See brain

New Guinea Highlands 28, 80

Niah Cave 124

nonflint stone tool 4

nonutilitarian practices 1

novice 6

n/um 33

numbers, chromosomal 80

nut cracking 8, 59, 60, 66–67

Oldowan 26–27, 43

chopper

See chopper

industry 26, 87

tools 59, 61, 63, 67, 73, 79

See underEarly Paleolithic

Old World 109

operations 91, 104

abstract

See abstraction

symmetry 79

operational

scheme 92

sequence

See chaîne opératoire

stages 7

units 72

operative process 91, 93

ovates, twisted 45–47

palaeoanthropology 11, 75, 84, 111, 146

Palaeolithic 15, 39, 75–76, 78, 80–81, 83, 86, 87, 88, 90, 93, 117, 119, 125, 127, 135

See also Early, Lower, Middle, Upper Palaeolithic

Papua New Guinea 78

Paranthropus 8, 10

perception 55, 62–63, 73, 84, 86, 88–89, 98, 101–102

of need 60, 66, 69, 109

perceptual-cognitive thinking 82

percussion 45, 48, 96, 100, 105

cone of 48, 53

movement 7

point of 50, 96

skewed cone of 48, 53

tool 69

PF Interface 130

P-Focus 60–66, 68, 71

phonological LTM

See memory

phonological storage 120, 136

Piaget, Jean 59, 77, 85

planning operations 13

plasticity

adult 12

brain 11, 13

cerebral 12

synaptic 12

Pleistocene 81, 84

-Holocene 123

Lower (Early) Pleistocene, East African 78

Middle Pleistocene 50, 75, 77, 79, 82–84

Upper (Late) 77, 127

polishing 4

population

density 3

level 39

pottery 4

prefrontal areas 13

prefrontal cortex 3, 13

Premack, David 6

preoperational

behaviorial development 77

thinking 77

prepared-core lithics 113

primates 2, 39, 75, 109, 130

problem, perception of 60, 63

problem solving 5, 6, 19, 58

problem-solution distance 58, 60, 66–67, 72, 73

procedural LTM

See memory

programming 10

protolanguage

See language

Pruetz, Jill 67

psychology, evolutionary 146, 149

Quaternary 76–79, 80

Ramachandran 21

recursion 133

refutation 80, 84

Remote Associates Test 18–19, 24

representation(s) 14, 66, 86, 92, 146

internal 130–131

mental 6, 77, 137

strategical 77

symbolic 23

transitory 6

---

ritual 29, 31

as consciousness-altering technique 25, 30–34

and fire 25, 30

as method of healing

See ritual healing theory

ritual healing theory 32–33

Roche, Hélène 98–100, 108, 148

Sarah 6

schema 91

Schick, Kathy 10

Schöningen 67, 69, 71, 73

scraper 4, 8, 43, 45, 49, 52

secant plane 84

selection pressure 33, 39, 83

skill(s) 28, 86, 98, 149

biomechanical 87

cognitive 1, 79, 85, 132

knapping 4, 28, 82, 108

language 55

linguistic 23, 32

manual 92

perceptual 38, 88

psychomotor 98

technical 99

tool making 25, 28–29, 53

social transmission 88

spatiotemporal substitution 79

spear(s) 66–67, 69, 71–73

species 38, 50, 55, 57–59, 73, 80, 109–110, 112–113, 116

splinter(s) 108

stabilization of tool form 100

stasis, adaptive 112

stereotyped sequences 97

stone 27, 82, 95–97, 99, 112

Stone Age 121, 123

stone artifacts 72, 76, 78, 80, 95

See also stone tools

stone knapper(s) 27–28

See also knapper(s)

stone knapping 7, 39, 53, 55, 76, 78, 96, 98, 107

See also knapping

stone tools 2, 10, 26–27, 30, 59–60, 63, 69, 73, 79, 98, 112–114, 122

See also stone artifacts

striking platform

chapeau de gendarme 105

subjectivation 85

Sultan 7

symbol(s) 2, 29, 30, 77, 88, 115, 124, 138

symbolic

artifacts 34

behavior 114–115, 135–137

cognitive abilities 115–116

communication 76, 79

explosion 135–136

linguistic assistance 79

potential 115

production 1

reference 149

thought 2, 109, 124

symbolization 1, 136

symbolism 25, 33, 119, 124

symmetries 82

visuospatial appreciation of 76

symmetry 77, 79

synaptic connections 11

synthesis 96

taxonomy 78, 80–82, 117

technical

abilities 93

actions 4

behavior(s) 87–88, 93, 95

challenges 27

confrontation 5

evolution 13

intelligence 29

invention

See invention

production 1, 87

vocabularies 54

transfer 4–5, 7

techniques 4, 14, 16–17, 28, 52, 78, 84, 88, 90, 93, 95–96, 98, 104, 112

knapping 4, 107

manufacturing 117

recovery 124

technological and functional analysis 63

technological approach, epistemological limits of 92

technology 59, 91, 121–122, 124–125

Levallois

See Levallois, technique

lithic 45, 85, 87, 90–91, 93, 94–95

preexisting 16

prehistoric 38

template, mental 76, 78, 112, 147

temporality 26–27, 40, 102, 106, 142

tenses 106

theory of mind (ToM) 76, 79, 115, 133–134, 149

Tixier, Jacques 95, 97, 100

tomography, positron emission

See neuroimagery

tool(s) 49, 60, 69, 81, 98, 101, 117, 122

bifacial 102

See understone tool(s)

chopping

See understone tool(s)

composite 15

invention of 4

knapped-stone 96

See understone tool(s)

stone

See stone tools

tool behavior 58, 60, 69, 73

animal 133

human 63

tool production 1, 25–27, 29, 30, 39, 54, 55, 69, 90, 112, 135

tool use 40–42, 47, 50, 53, 57–58, 63, 66, 67, 72

toolmaking

as indicator of consciousness 25

and language 55

See also tool production

Toth, Nicholas 10, 43, 42–45, 59, 95, 108, 112

transfer

procedure 6

competence 6

transition, Lower-to-Middle Palaeolithic 82

transitional 140

transmission, levels of 92

transmission of knowledge 54, 85

trends, evolutionary 109

Turkana Boy 112

unconscious learning 25–26, 27, 30

Unusual Uses Task 17–18

Upper Palaeolithic 4, 15, 25, 31, 33–34, 149

value, adaptive 81, 131, 140, 144

Veil, Stephan 67, 69

visuospatial

information 20

LTM

See memory

sketchpad 120

stimuli 75, 77

Vrba, Elizabeth 5

weight, atomic 80

Wernicke 20

Winton, Vicky 29

Word Halo Test 24

Wynn, Thomas 27, 33, 77–79, 81, 82, 95, 97, 108, 115, 117, 120–123, 136, 141, 145–146, 148–149

WM

See memory

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Zwicky, Fritz 17

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