Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  • Cited by 34
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
July 2015
Print publication year:
2015
Online ISBN:
9781316221693

Book description

From the torture of detainees at Abu Ghraib to unnecessary military attacks on civilians, this book is an account of the violations of international criminal law committed during the United States invasion of Iraq. Taking stock of the entire war, it uniquely documents the overestimation of the successes and underestimation of the failings of the Surge and Awakening policies. The authors show how an initial cynical framing of the American war led to the creation of a new Shia-dominated Iraq state, which in turn provoked powerful feelings of legal cynicism among Iraqis, especially the Sunni. The predictable result was a resilient Sunni insurgency that re-emerged in the violent aftermath of the 2011 withdrawal. Examining more than a decade of evidence, this book makes a powerful case that the American war in Iraq constituted a criminal war of aggression.

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
×

Contents

Bibliography
Abdullah, A. J. Thabit. 2013. A Short History of Iraq. New York: Routledge.
Adriaensens, Dirk. 2013. “The 2006 Mass Murder of Iraqi Civilians by U.S. Forces.” Global Research, January 28.
Alani, Feurat. 2014. “Violence and Power Struggles.” Le Monde Diplomatique, January.
Allawi, Ali. 2007. The Occupation of Iraq: Winning the War, Losing the Peace. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Al-Wardi, Ali. 2008. Understanding Iraq: Society, Culture and Personality. New York: Edein Mellen Press.
Amnesty International Annual Report on Iraq. 1985.
Amos, Deborah. 2010. Eclipse of the Sunnis. New York: Public Affairs.
Anderson, Phillip. 1999. “Complexity Theory and Organization Science.” Organization Science 10: 216–32.
Apuzzo, Matt. 2014a. “Black Water Guards Found Guilty in 2007 Iraq Killings.” New York Times, October 22.
Apuzzo, Matt. 2014b. “In a U.S. Court, Iraqis Accuse Black Water of Killings in 2007.” New York Times, June 25.
Arango, Tim. 2013. “Iraq's Worsening Sunni Protests Revolve around Antiterrorism Tactics.” New York Times, May 7.
Arango, Tim, Fahim, Kareem, and Hubbard, Ben. 2014. “Rebels’ Fast Strike in Iraq Was Years in the Making.” New York Times, June 15.
Arango, Tim and Schmitt, Eric. 2014. “Escaped Inmates from Iraq Fuel Syrian Insurgency.” New York Times, February 27.
Arbour, Louise. 2006. “Economic and Social Justice for Societies in Transition.” New York University School of Law, Annual Transitional Justice Lecture, October 25.
Baker, Peter. 2013. Days of Fire: Bush and Cheney in the White House. New York: Doubleday.
Batatu, Hanna. 1978. The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq: A Study of Iraq's Old Landed and Commercial Classes and of Its Communists, Ba'thists and Free Officers. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
BBC. 2004. “Iraq War Illegal Says Annan.” September 16.
Apuzzo, Matt. 2005. “New ‘Torture Jail’ Found in Iraq.” BBC News, December 12.
Becker, Howard. 1963. The Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. New York: Free Press.
Becker, Howard. 1967. “Whose Side Are We On?Social Problems 14: 239–47.
Bell-Fialkoff, Andrew. 1993. “A Brief History of Ethnic Cleansing.” Foreign Affairs Summer: 110–20.
Bell-Fialkoff, Andrew. 1996. Ethnic Cleansing. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Bengio, Ofra. 1998. Saddam's Word: Political Discourse in Iraq. London: Oxford University Press.
Biddle, Stephen. 2006. “Seeing Baghdad, Thinking Saigon.” Foreign Affairs 85: 2–14.
Biddle, Stephen, Friedman, Jeffrey, and Shapiro, Jacob. 2012. “Testing the Surge: Why Did Violence Decline in Iraq in 2007?International Security 37: 7–40.
Biden, Joseph and Gelb, Leslie. 2006. “Unity through Autonomy in Iraq.” New York Times, May 1.
Black, Donald. 1983. “Crime as Social Control.” American Sociological Review 48: 34–45.
Bohannon, John. 2010. “Leaked Documents Provide Bonanza for Researchers.” Science 330: 575.
Bonin, Richard. 2011. Arrows of the Night: Ahmad Chalabi's Long Journey to Triumph in Iraq. New York: Doubleday.
Bremer, L. Paul. 2006. My Year in Iraq: The Struggle to Build a Future of Hope. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Brown, Gordon. 2013. “Re: The 1991 Iraq War.” May 12. Gulf2000 Blog. Edited by Sick, Gary, Columbia University.
Brubaker, Rogers and Laitin, David. 1998. “Ethnic and Nationalist Violence.” Annual Review of Sociology 24: 426.
Burkle, Frederick and Garfield, Richard. 2013. “Civilian Mortality after the 2003 Invasion of Iraq.” Lancet 383: 877–9.
Burns, John F. 1992. “A Killer's Tale – A Special Report: A Serbian Fighter's Path of Brutality.” New York Times, November 27.
Bursik, Robert and Grasmick, Harold. 1993. Neighborhoods and Crime. New York: Lexington Books.
Bush, George W. 2002. “President Bush Delivers Graduation Speech at West Point.” June 1.
Bush, George W. 2003. President Bush Discusses Freedom in Iraq and Middle East. Remarks by the President at the 20th Anniversary of the National Endowment for Democracy. November 6. Whitehouse: Office of the Press Secretary.
Bush, George W. 2005. OUR NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR VICTORY IN IRAQ: Helping the Iraqi People Defeat the Terrorists and Build an Inclusive Democratic State. National Security Council. November.
Bybee, Jay. 2002. Memorandum from Jay Bybee, Office of Legal Counsel, to Attorney General Alberto Gonzales, Counsel to the President, Standards of Conduct for Interrogation under 18 U.S.C. Sections 2340-2340A (August 1).
Carr, Patrick, Napolitano, Laura, and Keating, Laura. 2007. “We Never Call the Cops and Here Is Why: A Qualitative Examination of Legal Cynicism in Three Philadelphia Neighborhoods.” Criminology 45: 445–80.
Chehab, Zaki. 2005. Iraq Ablaze: Inside the Insurgency. New York: I. B. Tauris & Co.
Cloward, Richard and Ohlin, Lloyd. 1960. Delinquency and Opportunity: A Theory of Delinquent Gangs. New York: Free Press of Glencoe.
Cochrane, Marisa. 2008. “The Fragmentation of Sadrist Movement.” The Institute for the Study of War, The Iraq Report 12.
Cockburn, Patrick. 2008. Muqtada Al-Sadr and the Battle for the Future of Iraq. New York: Scribner.
Cohen, Elliot. 2001. World War IV. Wall Street Journal. November 20.
Cole, Juan. 2003. “The United States and Shi'ite Religious Factions in Post-Ba'thist Iraq.” Middle East Journal 57: 533–66.
Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property. 1954. http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13637&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html.
Cordesman, Anthony and Khazai, Sam. 2014. Iraq in Crisis. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies.
Coughlin, Con. 2002. Saddam: His Rise and Fall. New York: HarperCollins.
Costs of War Project. Brown University. http://costsofwar.org.
Cover, Robert M. 1986. “Violence and the Word.” 95 Yale Law Journal, 1601 (1986). Vol. 28, No. 1I 13 #12.
Cressey, Donald. 1979. Theft of a Nation. New York: Harper & Bros.
Davis, Eric. 2005. Memories of State: Politics, History and Collective Identity in Modern Iraq. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Dershowitz, Alan. 2002. Why Terrorism Works: Understanding the Threat, Responding to the Challenge. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
De Waal, Alex. 2004. “Counter-Insurgency on the Cheap.” London Review of Books 26: 25–7.
Dezalay, Yves and Garth, Bryant G.. 2002. The Internationalization of Palace Wars. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Dodge, Toby. 2005. Iraq's Future: The Aftermath of Regime Change. London: Routledge.
Dodge, Toby. 2012. Iraq: From War to a New Authoritarianism. New York: Routledge.
Dodge, Toby. 2013. “State and Society in Iraq Ten Years after Regime Change: The Rise of a New Authoritarianism.” International Affairs 89: 241–57.
Dormann, Knut. 2003. Elements of War Crimes under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: Sources and Commentary. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Farrell, Stephen. 2007. “Sadr Suspends His Militia's Military Operations.” New York Times, August 30.
Fearon, James and Laitin, David. 2000. “Violence and the Social Construction of Ethnic Identity.” International Organization 54: 860.
Fearon, James and Laitin, David. 2003. “Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War.” American Political Science Review 97: 75–86.
Filkins, Dexter. 2009. The Forever War. New York: Vintage Books.
Filkins, Dexter. 2014a. What We Left Behind. The New Yorker, April 28.
Filkins, Dexter. 2014b. Wider War. The New Yorker, June 23.
Fischer, Hannah. 2010. Iraq Casualties: U.S. Military Forces and Iraq Civilians, Police and Security Forces. U.S. Government: Congressional Research Service.
Gagnon, V. P. 2004. The Myth of Ethnic War: Serbia and Croatia in the 1990s. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Galbraith, Peter. 2006. The End of Iraq: How American Incompetence Created a War Without End. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Galula, David. 1964. Counterinsurgency Warfare: Theory and Practice. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Garfinkel, Harold. 1956. “Conditions of Successful Degradation Ceremonies.” American Journal of Sociology 61: 420–4.
Garland, David. 1990. Punishment and Modern Society. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Gibson, Bryan. 2010. Covert Relationship: U.S. Foreign Policy, Intelligence, and the Iran-Iraq War, 1980–88. New York: Praeger.
Goldsmith, Jack. 2007. The Terror Presidency. New York: W. W. Norton.
Gordon, Michael and Trainor, Bernard. 2012. The Endgame. New York: Pantheon.
Gordon, Michael R. and Miller, Judith. 2002. Threats and Responses: The Iraqis; U.S. Says Hussein Intensifies Quest for A-Bomb Parts. New York Times, September 8.
Gottfredson, Michael and Travis, Hirschi. 1990. A General Theory of Crime. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
Green, Penny and Ward, Tony. 2009. “The Transformation of Violence in Iraq.” British Journal of Criminology 49(5): 609.
Greenberg, Karen J. and Joshua L. Dratel, P. C. 2005. The Torture Papers: The Road to Abu Ghraib. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Haass, Richard. 2009. War of Necessity, War of Choice. A Memoir of Two Iraqi Wars. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Haddad, Fanar. 2011. Sectarianism in Iraq: Antagonistic Visions of Unity. New York: Columbia University Press.
Hagan, John. 2010. Who Are the Criminals? The Politics of Crime Policy from the Age of Roosevelt to the Age of Reagan. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Hagan, John and Albonetti, Celesta. 1982. “Race, Class and the Perception of the Criminal Injustice in America.” American Journal of Sociology 28(2): 329–55.
Hagan, John, Kaiser, Joshua, and Hanson, Anna. 2013. “Assessing the Synergy Thesis in Iraq.” International Security 37: 173–98.
Hagan, John, Kaiser, Joshua, Rothenberg, Daniel, Hanson, Anna, and Parker, Patricia. 2012. “Atrocity Crimes and the Costs of Economic Conflict Crimes in the Battle for Baghdad and Iraq.” European Journal of Criminology 9: 481–99.
Hagan, John, Kaiser, Joshua, Hanson, Anna, and Parker, Patricia. 2015. “Neighborhood Sectarian Displacement and the Battle for Baghdad The Self-fulfilling Prophecy of Crimes against Humanity in Iraq.” Sociological Forum. Forthcoming.
Hagan, John and Rymond-Richmond, Wenona. 2009. Darfur and the Crime of Genocide. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hagan, John, Schoenfeld, Heather, and Palloni, Alberto. 2006. “The Science of Human Rights, War Crimes, and Humanitarian Emergencies.” Annual Review of Sociology 32: 329–49.
Hagan, John, Shedd, Carla, and Payne, Monique. 2005. “Race, Ethnicity and Youth Perceptions of Criminal Injustice.” American Sociological Review 70: 381–407.
Hannerz, Ulf. 1969. Soulside: Inquiries into Ghetto Culture and Communities. New York: Columbia University Press.
Hare, David. 2004. Stuff Happens. New York: Faber and Faber.
Harris, Shane and Aid, Matthew. 2013a. “The U.S. Knew Hussein was Launching Some of the Worst Chemical Attacks in History.” Foreign Policy, August 26.
Harris, Shane and Aid, Matthew. 2013b. “CIA Files Prove America Helped Saddam as He Gassed Iran.” Foreign Policy, August 26.
Hart, H. L. A. 1961. The Concept of Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 132.
Hashim, Ahmed. 2004. “Understanding the Roots of the Shi'a Insurgency in Iraq.” Terrorism Monitor 2, 13 (2004): 1–5.
Hashim, Ahmed. 2006. Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency in Iraq. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Hatfield, Michael. 2006. “Fear, Legal Determinacy and the American Lawyering Culture.” Lewis & Clark Law Review 10: 511–29.
Herring, Eric and Rangwala, Glen. 2006. Iraq in Fragments: The Occupation and Its Legacy. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Hersh, Seymour M. 2004a. “Annals of National Security: Torture at Abu Ghraib.” New Yorker, May 10, at 43.
Hersh, Seymour M. 2004b. Chain of Command: The Road from 9/11 to Abu Ghraib. New York: HarperCollins.
Hiltermann, Joost. 2004. “Outsiders as Enablers: Consequences and Lessons from International Silence on Iraq's Use of Chemical Weapons during the Iran-Iraq War.” In Potter, Lawrence and Sick, Gary, Iran, Iraq, and the Legacies of War. New York: Palgrave, pp. 151–66.
Hirsh, Michael and Isikoff, Michael. 2003. “No More Hide and Seek.” Newsweek, February 10.
Hirschi, Travis. 1969. Causes of Delinquency. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Holbrooke, Richard. 1995. To End a War. New York: Random House.
Horowitz, David. 2000. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Human Rights Watch. 1990. Human Rights in Iraq. Human Rights Watch Books.
Human Rights Watch. 2014. No One Is Safe: Abuses of Women in Iraq's Criminal Justice System. New York: Human Rights Watch.
Humanitarian Information Centre for Iraq. 2003. HIC Baghdad-Districts and Neighborhoods map. (http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/iraq/maps/280a%20A4%20Baghdad%20districts%20neighbourh%20300dpi.pdf).
Hurd, Ian. 2013. “Bomb Syria, Even If It Is Illegal.” New York Times, August 27.
Ignatieff, Michael. 2004. The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
International Criminal Court: http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/asp_docs/Resolutions/RC-Res.6-ENG.pdf.
International Crisis Group. 2006. “Iraq's Muqtada Al Sadr: Spoiler or Stabilizer?” July.
Jabar, Faleh. 2007. “Shiite Politics in Iraq.” November.
International Crisis Group. 2008. “Iraq's Civil War, The Sadrists and the Surge: Executive Summary and Recommendations.” February.
International Crisis Group. 2013 “Make or Break Iraq's Sunnis and the State.” Middle East Report Number 144, August.
International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg). Judgment of 1 October 1946.
Istrabadi, Feisel. 2013. “Iraq 2014 and Beyond.” Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, DC, September 25.
Ivkovic, Sanja and Hagan, John. 2006. Reclaiming Justice: The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and Local Courts. New York: Oxford University Press.
Jabar, Faleh. 2003. The Shi'te Movement in Iraq. London: Saqi Books.
Jabar, Faleh. 2004. “Post-Conflict Iraq: A Race for Stability, Reconstruction, and Legitimacy.” The United States Institute for Peace, Special Report 120. May.
John, O. P. and Benet-Martinez, . 2000. “Measurement: Reliability, Construct Validation, and Scale Construction.” Pp. 339–69 in Reis, H. T. and Judd, C. M., Handbook of Research Methods in Social Psychology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Johnston, David and Risen, James. 2004. The Reach of War; The Interrogations; Aides Say Memo Backed Coercion Already in Use. New York Times, June 27.
Kagan, F. W. 2007. Choosing Victory: A Plan for Success in Iraq. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute.
Kagan, Kimberly. 2009. The Surge: A Military History. New York: Encounter Books.
Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., and Tversky, A. (eds.). 1982. Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Kalyvas, Stathis. 2006. The Logic of Violence in Civil War. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Kalyvas, Stathis. 2008. ‘Review Symposium on “The New U.S. Army/Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual as Political Science and Political Praxis.”’ Political Perspectives, June: 351–3.
Kalyvas, Stathis and Kocher, Matthew. 2007. “Ethnic Cleavages and Irregular War: Iraq and Vietnam.” Politics & Society 35: 183–223.
Kamp, Nina et al. 2006. “The State of Iraq: An Update,” New York Times, December 20, A29, available at http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/20/opinion/20ohanlon.html.
Kaplan, Fred. 2013. The Insurgents: David Petraeus and the Plot to Change the American Way of War. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Kaplan, Robert. 1978. “Black Ghetto Diversity and Anomie: A Sociopolitical View.” American Journal of Sociology 83: 1132–53.
Kaplan, Robert. 1993. Balkan Ghosts: A Journey through History. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Kaufman, Chaim. 1996. “Possible and Impossible Solutions to Ethnic Civil Wars.” International Security 20: 136–75.
Keller, Bill. 2003. “The I-Can't-Believe-I'm-a-Hawk-Club.” New York Times, February.
Kirk, David and Matsuda, Mauri. 2011. “Legal Cynicism, Collective Efficacy, and the Ecology of Arrest.” Criminology 49: 443–70.
Kirk, David and Papachristos, Andrew. 2011. “Cultural Mechanisms and the Persistence of Neighborhood Violence.” American Journal of Sociology 116: 1190–1233.
Knowlton, Brian. 2006. “Iraq Police Accused in U.S. Rights Report.” New York Times, March 9.
Kutnjak, Ivkovic and Hagan., John 2011. “The Politics of Punishment and the Siege of Sarajevo: Toward a Conflict Theory of Perceived International (In)Justice.” Law & Society Review 40: 369–410.
Lamont, Michele and Fournier, Marcel. 1992. Cultivating Differences: Symbolic Boundaries and the Making of Inequality. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Lamont, Michele and Small, Mario. 2008. “How Culture Matters for the Understanding of Poverty: Enriching our Understanding.” Pp. 76–102 in Ann Lin and David Harris, The Colors of Poverty: Why Racial and Ethnic Disparities Persist. New York: Russell Sage.
Lemert, Edwin. 1967. Human Deviance, Social Problems and Social Control. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Lewis, Neil. 2006. “Lawyers Seek to Free U.S. Citizen Held in Iraq,” New York Times, October 15, at Al8.
Lins de, AlbuQuerqueAdriana Michael, O'Hanlon, and Unikewicz, Amy. 2005. “The State of Iraq; An Update,” New York Times, February 2005.
Llewellyn, Karl and Hoebel, Edward. 1941. The Cheyenne Way: Conflict and Case Law in Primitive Jurisprudence. New York: Hein.
Long, Jerry. 2004. Saddam's War of Words: Politics, Religion, and the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Mahoney, James. 2000. “Path Dependence in Historical Sociology.” Theory and Society 29: 507–48.
Makiya, Kanan. 1998. Republic of Fear: The Politics of Modern Iraq. Berkeley: California University Press.
Marashi, Ibrahim. 2002. “Iraq's Security and Intelligence Network: A Guide and Analysis.” Middle-East Review of International Affairs Journal 6: 1–13.
Matsuda, Mari J. 1987. “Looking to the Bottom: Critical Legal Studies and Reparations.” 22 Harv. C.R.-C.L.L. Rev323.
Mazzetti, Mark. 2014. “Ex-Chief of C.I.A. Defends Actions in Wake of 9/11.” New York Times, July 25.
Mazzetti, Mark and Johnston, David. 2007. “Justice Dept. and C.I.A. Watchdog Start Inquiry of Interrogation Videos’ Destruction,” New York Times, December 9.
Memo 6, U.S. Department of Justice, Office of the Legal Counsel, Office of the Assistant Attorney General, Washington DC, January 22, 2002, Memorandum for Alberto Gonzales, Counsel to the President, and William J. Haynes II, General Counsel of the Department of Defense.
Merry, Sally. 1998. “The Criminalization of Everyday Life.” In Austin Sarat et al., Everyday Practices and Trouble Cases, 14, 15. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.
Merton, Robert. 1936. “The Unanticipated Consequences of Purposive Social Action.” American Sociological Review 1: 894–904.
Merton, Robert. 1995. “The Thomas Theorem and the Matthew Effect.” Social Forces 74: 379–424.
Miller, Judith. 2001. “A Nation Challenged: Secret Sites. Iraqi Tells of Renovations at Sites for Chemical and Nuclear Arms.” New York Times, December 20.
Miller, Judith. 2002. “Threats and Responses: The Iraqis; U.S. Says Hussein Intensifies Quest for A-Bomb Parts.” New York Times, September 8.
Mills, Nicolaus. 2009. “9/11 and the Road to Iraq.” In Walzer, Michael and Mills, Nicolaus, Getting Out: Historical Perspectives on Leaving Iraq. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Mines, Keith. 2012. “How Anbar Province Showed Promise and Problems from 2003–2004, Interview with Keith Mines, Former Coalition Provisional Authority Governor.” Musings on Iraq, November 19.
Moss, Michael. 2006. “American Recalls Torment as a U.S. Detainee in Iraq.” New York Times, December 18.
Moss, Randolph. 2000. “Executive Branch Legal Interpretation: A Perspective from the Office of Legal Counsel.” Administrative Law Review 52: 1303–30.
Nagl, John. 2005. Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Nasr, Vali. 2006. The Shia Revival: How Conflicts within Islam Will Shape the Future. New York: W. W. Norton.
Nettler, Gwynn. 1978. Explaining Crime. New York: McGraw-Hill.
New York Times. 2010. “Assessing the ‘Surge’: A Survey of Baghdad Neighborhoods.” New York Times, December 15.
Norland, Rod. 2014. “For Iraq, Potential Leader with a Tarnished Past.” New York Times, June 30.
Packer, George. 2006. The Assassin's Gate: America in Iraq. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.
Parenti, Christian. 2004. The Freedom Shadows and Hallucinations in Occupied Iraq. New York: New Press.
Parker, Ned and Ahmed, Caeser. 2010. “Maliki Seeks Recount in Iraq Elections.” Los Angeles Times, March 22.
Parker, Ned and Salman, Raheem. 2013. “Notes from the Underground: The Rise of Nouri al-Maliki.” World Policy Journal, Spring. 30.
Petraeus, David. 1986. “Learning Counterinsurgency: Observations from Soldiering in Iraq.” Military Review, January–February.
Petraeus, David. 2013. “How We Won in Iraq.” Foreign Policy. October 29.
Petrovic, Drazen. 1994. “Ethnic Cleansing: An Attempt at Methodology.” European Journal of International Law 5(1): 342–62.
Posner, Eric and Vermeuele, Adrian. 2004. “A ‘Torture’ Memo and Its Tortuous Critics.” The Wall Street Journal, July 6.
Power, Samantha. 2008. Chasing the Flame: Sergio Viera De Mello and the Fight to Save the World. New York: Penguin Press.
Priest, Dana. 2005. “CIA Holds Terror Suspects in Secret Prisons.” Washington Post, November 2.
Prunier, Gerard. 2005. Darfur: The Ambiguous Genocide. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Quillian, Lincoln and Pager, Devah. 2010. “Estimating Risk: Stereotype Amplification and the Perceived Risk of Criminal Victimization.” Social Psychology Quarterly 73(1): 79–104.
Raudenbush, Stephen and Bryk, Anthony. 2004. HLM 6: Hierarchical Linear and Non-Linear Modeling. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International, Inc.
Review Symposium. 2008. “The New U.S. Army/Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual as Political Science and Political Praxis.” Political Perspectives, June: 351–3.
Ricks, Thomas. 2006. Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq. New York: Penguin Books.
Ricks, Thomas. 2009. The Gamble: General Petraeus and the American Military Adventure in Iraq. New York: Penguin Books.
Risen, James. 2014. “Before Shooting in Iraq, a Warning on Blackwater.” New York Times, June 29.
Rosen, Jeffrey. 2007a. “Conscience of a Conservative.” New York Times Magazine, September 9.
Rosen, Jeffrey. 2007b. The Supreme Court: The Personalities and Rivalries that Defined America. New York: Times Books.
Rosen, Nir. 2010 . Aftermath: Following the Bloodshed of America's Wars in the Muslim World. New York: Nations Books.
Rossi, Peter. 1974. “Measuring Household Social Standing.” Social Science Research 3: 169.
Roundtree, Pamela Wilcox and Land, Kenneth. 1996. “Perceived Risk Versus Fear of Crime: Empirical Evidence of a Conceptually Distinct Reactions in Survey Data.” Social Forces 74: 1353–76.
Rubin, Alissa. 2014. “Bound by Bridge, 2 Baghdad Enclaves Drift Far Apart.” New York Times, July 27.
Sampson, Robert. 2012. Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Sampson, Robert and Bartusch, Dawn. 1998. “Legal Cynicism and (Subcultural?) Tolerance of Deviance: The Neighborhood Context of Racial Differences.” Law & Society Review 32: 777–804.
Sampson, Robert and Raudenbush, Stephen W.. 2004. “Seeing Disorder: Neighborhood Stigma and the Social Construction of ‘Broken Windows.’” Social Psychology Quarterly 67(4): 319–42.
Sanchez, Ricardo. 2008. Wiser in Battle: A Soldier's Story. New York: HarperCollins.
Savelsberg, Joachim and King, Ryan. 2011. American Memories: Atrocities and the Law. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Scheffer, David. 2012. All the Missing Souls: A Personal History of the War Crimes Tribunals. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Schmidt, Michael. 2011. “Junkyard Gives Up Secret Accounts of Massacre in Iraq.” New York Times, December.
Schofield, Mathew. 2006. “Iraqi Police Report Details Civilians’ Deaths at Hands of U.S. Troops.” Knight Ridder Newspapers, March 19.
Schofield, Mathew. 2011a. “WikiLeaks: Iraqi Children in U.S. Raid Shot in Head, U.N. Says.” McClathy Newspapers, August 31.
Schofield, Mathew. 2011b. “Five Years, and Visions of Dead Are Still Haunting.” McClatchy Newspapers, April 22.
Seelye, Katherine. 2002. “A Nation Challenged: The Prisoners; First ‘Unlawful Combatants’ Seized in Afghanistan Arrive at US Base in Cuba.” New York Times, January 12.
Seron, Carroll et al. 2006. “How Citizens Assess Just Punishment for Police Misconduct.” Criminology 44: 925, 931.
Shadid, Anthony. 2005. Night Draws Near: Iraq's People in the Shadow of America's War. New York: Henry Holt.
Simons, Malise. 2013. “To Ousted Boss, Arms Watchdog Was Seen as an Obstacle in Iraq.” New York Times, October 13.
Sky, Emma. 2008. “Iraq 2007 – Moving Beyond Counter-Insurgency Doctrine.” RUIS 153: 30–4.
Snow, David A. and Benford, Robert D.. 1992. “Master Frames and Cycles of Protest.” Pp. 133–55 in Aldon D. Morris and Carol McClurg Muller, Frontiers in Social Movement Theory. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Solum, Lawrence B. 1987. “On the Indeterminacy Crisis: Critiquing Critical,” University of Chicago Law Review 54: 462.
State Department: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2013. http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/#wrapper.
Stickler, Angus. 2011. “Allegations of Prisoner Abuse by U.S. Troops after Abu Ghraib.” May 23. Bureau of Investigative Journalism.
Stickler, Angus and Woods, Chris. 2011. “U.S. Troops Ordered not to Investigate Iraqi Torture.” May 23. Bureau of Investigative Journalism.
Stiglitz, Joseph and Bilmes, Linda. 2008. The Three Trillion Dollar War: The True Cost of the Iraq Conflict. New York: W. W. Norton.
Sullivan, Margaret. 2014. “Covering New War, in Shadow of Old One.” New York Times, June 28.
Sutherland, Edwin H. 1949. White Collar Crime. New York: Dryden
Suttles, Gerald. 1968. The Social Order of the Slum: Ethnicity and Territory in the Inner City. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Swidler, Ann. 1986. “Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies.” American Sociological Review 51: 273–86.
Sykes, Gresham. 1957. “Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency.” American Sociological Review 22: 664–70.
Taguba, Antonio M. 2004. Article 15–6 Investigation of the 800T1 ... Military Police Brigade. (http://news.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/iraq/tagubarpt.html)
Taylor, Verta. 1989. “Social Movement Continuity: The Women's Movement in Abeyance.” American Sociological Review 54: 761–75.
Thomas, Helen. 2003. “Hussein Link Was Sales Job.” Miami Herald, September 27.
Tilly, Charles. 1985. “War Making and State Making as Organized Crime.” Pp. 169–91 in Peter Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, and Theda Skocpol, Bringing the State Back In. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tilly, Charles. 2003. The Politics of Collective Violence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tripp, Charles. 2010. A History of Iraq. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Turk, Austin. 1982. Political Criminality: The Defiance and Defense of Authority. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Tushnet, Mark. 1983. “Following the Rules Laid Down: A Critique of Interpretivism and Neutral Principles.” Harvard Law Review 96: 781–819.
Tushnet, Mark. 2005. “Critical Legal Theory (without Modifiers) in the United States.” Journal of Political Philosophy 13: 99, 105, 108.
UN General Assembly Resolution 3314 (XXIX), annex, UN Doc. A/RES/29/3314 (December 14, 1974).
U.S. Department of State. 2006. “Iraq: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices.” U.S. Department of State, March 8.
U.S. Department of State. 2013. “Human Rights Reports: Iraq.” Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, April 19.
U.S. Government Accountability Office. 2007. Rebuilding Iraq: Integrated Strategic Plan Needed to Help Restore Iraq's Oil and Electricity Sectors. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Walzer, Michael. 1977. Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations. New York: Basic Books.
Walzer, Michael. 2004. Arguing about War. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Walzer, Michael. 2007. “The Crime of Aggressive War.” Washington University Global Studies Law Review 6: 635–43.
Walzer, Michael. 2009. Getting Out: Historical Perspectives on Leaving Iraq. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Walzer, Michael. 2012. “The Aftermath of War: Reflections on Jus Post Bellum.” In Patterson, Eric, Ethics: Beyond War's End. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
Warr, Mark and Stafford, Mark. 1983. “Fear of Victimization: A Look at the Proximate Causes.” Social Forces 61: 1033–43.
Weber, Max. 1919. “Politik als Beruf.” Gesammelte Politische Schriften (Muenchen, 1921), pp. 396–450. Originally a speech at Munich University, 1918, published in 1919 by Duncker & Humblodt, Munich.
Whitaker, B. 2003. “Flags in the Dust.” Guardian Unlimited Iraq special report at guardian.co.uk, March 24.
William, Timothy and Adnan, Duraid. 2010. “Sunnis in Iraq Allied with U.S. Rejoin Rebels.” New York Times, October 16.
Wing, Joel. 2012. “How Anbar Province Showed Promise and Problems from 2003–2004: Interview with Keith Mines, Former Coalition Provisional Authority Governor.” Musings on Iraq, November 19.
Wong, Edward. 2004. “Falluja Assault Roils Iraqi Politics.” New York Times, November 9.
Woods, Kevin, Palkki, David, and Stout, Mark (eds.). 2011. The Saddam Tapes: The Inner Workings of a Tyrant's Regime, 1978–2001. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Yoo, John. 2006. War By Other Means: An Insider's Account of the War on Terror. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.
Zawati, Hilimi. 2007. “Impunity or Immunity: Wartime Male Rape and Sexual Torture as a Crime against Humanity.” Torture 17: 27–47.

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.