Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x24gv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-19T19:51:08.532Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Co-Creation’s Role in Digital Public Archaeology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 January 2017

Elizabeth Bollwerk
Elizabeth Bollwerk*
Affiliation:
Digital Archaeological Archive of Comparative Slavery, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Inc., P.O. Box 316, CharlottesvilleVA 22902 (ebollwerk@gmail.com)
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Simon (2010:187) notes that the purpose of co-creative community projects is “to give voice and be responsive to the needs and interests of local community members; to provide a place for community engagement and dialogue; and to help participants develop skills that will support their own individual and community goals.” This paper explores the role that co-creation currently plays in digital public archaeology and discusses how co-creative methods can inform broader archaeological digital engagement efforts. It begins by placing co-creation in its proper context in order to demonstrate its unique characteristics, its value, and how it complicates approaches used in other types of archaeological engagement projects, such as Open Access initiatives. The discussion then turns to evaluating its impact and the broader need to measure success in digital public engagement projects. A discussion of research from the archaeology and the cultural heritage sectors provides examples of evaluation metrics and methods for assessing digital public archaeology projects. The paper concludes by suggesting that all digital engagement projects can benefit from incorporating some of the principles that are inherently part of co-creative methods but that not all archaeological digital engagement projects should strive to be completely co-creative.

Simon (2010:187) señala que, “el propósito de los proyectos comunitarios en colaboración es el de “dar voz y ser sensible a las necesidades e intereses de los miembros de la comunidad local; proveer un espacio de participación y diálogo a la comunidad; y ayudar a los participantes a desarrollar habilidades que les permitan lograr sus metas individuales y comunitarias”. Este trabajo explora el papel que juega actualmente la creación en colaboración en la arqueología pública digital y discute como sus métodos amplían los esfuerzos del compromiso arqueológico digital. Este mismo comienza ubicando a la creación en colaboración en su propio contexto para demonstrar sus características únicas, su valor, y cómo dificulta los enfoques utilizados en otros tipos de proyectos de participación arqueológica, tales como las iniciativas de Acceso Abierto. Habiendo demostrado el significado de la creación en colaboración, la discusión se torna hacia la evaluación de su impacto y en un sentido más amplio medir el éxito de los proyectos de participación pública digital. Una discusión académica desde la arqueología y los sectores del patrimonio cultural proveen indicadores y métodos de evaluación para la revisión de los proyectos de arqueología pública digital. Este trabajo concluye, sugiriendo que todos los proyectos de participación pueden beneficiarse de la incorporación de algunos principios inherentes a los métodos de creación en colaboración, pero que no todos los proyectos de participación en arqueología digital deben esforzarse para lograr ser completamente de creación en colaboración.

Type
Research Article
Information
Advances in Archaeological Practice , Volume 3 , Issue 3: Special Issue: Co-Creation , August 2015 , pp. 223 - 234
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2015

References

References Cited

Adair, Bill, Filene, Benjamin, andKoloski, Laura (editors) 2012 Letting Go? Sharing Historical Authority in a User-Generated World. Philadelphia,Pew Center for Arts & Heritage.Google Scholar
Ashley, Michael 2014 Mukurtu CMS: Differential Access for the Ethical Stewardship of Cultural and Digital Heritage. Electronic document, http://ihr.ucsc.edu/event/michael-ashley-mukurtu/, accessed March 28, 2015.Google Scholar
Atalay, Sonya 2012 Community-Based Archaeology: Research with, by, and for Indigenous and Local Communities. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Beale, Nicole 2012 How Community Archaeology Can Make Use of Open Data to Achieve Further Its Objectives. World Archaeology 44 : 612–633.Google Scholar
Bevan, Adam 2012 Value, Authority and the Open Society. Some Implications for Digital and Online Archaeology. In Archaeologists and the Digital. Towards Strategies of Engagement, edited by Bonacchi, Chiara, pp. 1–14. Archetype Publications, London.Google Scholar
Birch, Suzanne Pilaar 2013 Using Social Media For Research Dissemination: The Digital Research Video Project. Internet Archaeology 35.Google Scholar
Boast, Robin, and Biehl, Peter 2011 Archaeological Knowledge Production and Dissemination in the Digital Age. In Archaeology 2.0: New Tools for Communication and Collaboration, edited by Kansa, Eric C., Kansa, Sarah Whitcher, and Watrall, Ethan, pp. 119–156. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Bollwerk, Elizabeth, Connolly, Robert, and McDavid, Carol 2015 Co-Creation and Public Archaeology. Advances in Archaeological Practice 3:178–187.Google Scholar
Bonacchi, Chiara (editor) 2012 Archaeologists and the Digital Communication. Towards Strategies of Engagement. Archetype Publications, London.Google Scholar
Bonacchi, Chiara, Andrew, Bevan, Pett, Daniel, and Keinan-Schoonbaert, Adi 2014 Crowd-and Community-Fuelled Archaeology. Results from the MicroPasts Project. Proceedings of the Conference Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology. 22–25 April 2014. Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Bonney, Rick, Ballard, Heidi, Jordan, Rebecca, McCallie, Ellen, Phillips, Tina, Shirk, Jennifer, and Wilderman, Candie 2009 Public Participation in Scientific Research: Defining the Field and Assessing Its Potential for Informal Science Education. A CAISE Inquiry Group Report. Electronic document, http://informalscience.org/images/research/PublicParticipationinScientificResearch, accessed September 12, 2014.Google Scholar
Bonney, Rick, Shirk, Jennifer, Phillips, Tina, Wiggins, Andrea, Ballard, Heidi, Miller-Rushing, Abraham and Parrish, Julia 2014 Next Steps for Citizen Science. Science 343(6178):1436–1437.Google Scholar
Boyd, William E. 2014 Citizen Science. In The Sage Encyclopedia of Action Research, edited by Coghlan, David andBrydon-Miller, Mary, pp. 98–100. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, California.Google Scholar
Bria, Rebecca, and Cruzado, Elizabeth 2015 Making the Past Relevant: Co-creative Approaches to Heritage Preservation and Community Development at Hualcayán, Rural Ancash Peru. Advances in Archaeological Practice 3:208–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, Deidre, and Nicholas, George 2012 Protecting Indigenous Cultural Property in the Age of Digital Democracy: Institutional and Communal Responses to Canadian First Nations and Maori Heritage Concerns. Journal of Material Culture 17:307–324.Google Scholar
Carletti, Laura, McAuley, Derek, Price, Dominic, Giannachi, Gabriella, and Benford, Steve 2013 Digital Humanities and Crowdsourcing: An Exploration. In Museums and the Web 2013, edited by Proctor, Nancy and Cherry, Rich. Museums and the Web, Silver Spring, Maryland. Electronic document, http://mw2013.Museumsandtheweb.Com/paper/digital-humanities-and-crowdsourcing-an-exploration-4, accessed January 10, 2015.Google Scholar
Chaco Research Archive (CRA) 2014 Chaco Research Archive. Electronic document, http://www.cra.org, accessed December 12, 2014.Google Scholar
Christen, Kimberly 2008 Archival Challenges and Digital Solutions in Aboriginal Australia. SAA Archaeological Record 8(2):21–24.Google Scholar
Christen, Kimberly 2011 Opening Archives: Respectful Repatriation. The American Archivist 74:185–2010.Google Scholar
Christen, Kimberly 2012a Balancing Act: The Creation and Circulation of Indigenous Knowledge and Culture Inside and Outside the Legal Frame. In Transnational Culture in the Internet Age, edited byPager, Sean A and Chandeub, Adam, pp. 316–345. Edward Elgar Publishing, Northampton.Google Scholar
Christen, Kimberly 2012b Does Information Really Want to be Free? Indigenous Knowledge Systems and the Question of Openness. International Journal of Communication 6:24.Google Scholar
Christen, Kimberly 2015 Tribal Archives, Traditional Knowledge, and Local Contexts: Why the “S” Matters. Journal of Western Archives 6:1–19.Google Scholar
Colwell-Chanthaphonh, Chip and Ferguson, T. J. (editors) 2008 Collaboration in Archaeological Practice: Engaging Descendant Communities. AltaMira Press, Lanham, Maryland.Google Scholar
Connolly, Robert 2015 Co-creation as an Essential Means toward Open Authority in Archaeology. Advances in Archaeological Practice 3:188–197.Google Scholar
Digital Archaeological Archive of Comparative Slavery (DAACS) 2014 Digital Archaeological Archive of Comparative Slavery. Electronic document, http://www.daacs.org, accessed December 21, 2014.Google Scholar
Digital Index of North American American Archaeology (DINAA) 2014 The Digital Index of North American Archaeology. Electronic Document http://ux.opencontext.org/blog/archaeology-site-data/, accessed December 12, 2014.Google Scholar
Duggan, Maeve, and Smith, Aaron 2014 Social Media Update 2013. Electronic document, http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2013/Social-Media-Update.aspx, accessed January 3, 2015.Google Scholar
Eisner, Wendy R., Jelacic, Jessica, Cuomo, Chris J., Kim, Changjoo, Hinkel, Kenneth M., and Alba, Dorin Del 2012 Producing an Indigenous Knowledge Web GIS for Arctic Alaska Communities: Challenges, Successes, and Lessons Learned. Transactions in GIS 16(1):17–37.Google Scholar
Ferguson, T. J., Koyiyumptewa, Stewart B., and Hopkins, Maren P. 2015 Co-Creation of Knowledge by the Hopi Tribe and Archaeologists. Advances in Archaeological Practice 3:249–262.Google Scholar
File, Thom, and Ryan, Camille 2014 Computer and Internet Use in the United States: 2013. American Community Survey Reports, ACS-28. U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Finnis, Jane, Chan, Sebastian, and Clements, Rachel 2011 Let’s Get Real: How to Evaluate Online Success. Action Research Project. Culture24, Brighton, United Kingdom. Google Scholar
Goskar, Timothy 2012 Wessex Archaeology and the Web. In Archaeologists and the Digital. Towards Strategies of Engagement, edited by Bonacchi, Chiara, pp. 25–37. Archetype Publications, London.Google Scholar
Harris, Trevor M. 2012 Interfacing Archaeology and the World Of Citizen Sensors: Exploring the Impact of Neogeography and Volunteered Geographic Information on an Authenticated Archaeology. World Archaeology 44:580–591.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodder, Ian, and Hudson, Scott 2003 Reading the Past: Current Approaches to the Interpretation of Archaeology. Cambridge University Press, London.Google Scholar
Howe, Jeff 2006 Crowdsourcing: A definition. Electronic document, http://crowdsourcing.typepad.com, accessed December 2, 2014.Google Scholar
Iverson, Lee, Rowley, Susan, Schaepe, Dave Sanborn, Andrea Wallace, Ryan Jakobsen, Nicholas and Radermacher, Ulrike 2008 The Reciprocal Research Network. In Museums and the Web 2008: Proceedings, edited by Bearman, D. and Trant, J. Archives and Museum Informatics, Toronto.Google Scholar
Jeppson, Patrice L., Kwas, Mary L., Malloy, Maureen, and McDavid, Carol 2003 Archaeology for the Public: A New Addition to SAAweb. SAA Archaeological Record 3(5):8–10.Google Scholar
Kansa, Eric C. 2011 New Directions for the Digital Past. In Archaeology 2.0: New Tools for Communication and Collaboration, edited by Kansa, Eric C. Kansa, Sarah Whitcher and Watrall, Ethan pp. 1–26. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Kansa, Eric C., and Kansa, Sarah Whitcher 2011 Toward a Do-It-Yourself Cyberinfrastructure: Open Data, Incentives, and Reducing Costs and Complexities of Data Sharing. In Archaeology 2.0: New Tools for Communication and Collaboration, edited by Kansa, Eric C., Kansa, Sarah Whitcher, and Watrall, Ethan, pp. 57–92. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Kansa, Eric C., Kansa, Sarah Whitcher, and Watrall, Ethan (editors) 2011 Archaeology 2.0: New Tools for Communication and Collaboration. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Kansa, Sarah Whitcher, and Deblauwe, Francis 2011 User-Generated Content in Zooarchaeology: Exploring the “Middle Space” of Scholarly Communication. In Archaeology 2.0: New Tools for Communication and Collaboration, edited by Kansa, Eric Christopher , Kansa, Sarah Whitcher, and Watrall, Ethan , pp.185–206. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press, Los Angeles. Google Scholar
Kasper, Kimberly, and Handsman, Russell 2015 Survivance Stories, Co-Creation, and a Participatory Model at the Mashantucket Pequot Museum and Research Center. Advances in Archaeological Practice 3:198–207.Google Scholar
Lake, Mark 2012 Open Archaeology. World Archaeology 44:471–478.Google Scholar
Yu-Min, Lin Albert, Huynh, Andrew, Lanckriet, Gert, and Barrington, Luke 2014 Crowdsourcing the Unknown: The Satellite Search for Genghis Khan. PLoS ONE 9(12):1–17.Google Scholar
Little, Barbara J., and Shackel, Paul A. (editors) 2007 Archaeology as a Tool of Civic Engagement. AltaMira Press, Lanham, Maryland.Google Scholar
Little, Barbara J., and Shackel, Paul A. (editors) 2014 Archaeology, Heritage, and Civic Engagement: Working Towards the Public Good. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California.Google Scholar
McCreedy, Dale, and Dierking, Lynn D. 2013 Cascading Influences: Long-Term Impacts of Informal STEM Experiences for Girls. Electronic document, https://www.fi.edu/sites/default/files/cascading-influences.pdf, accessed December 3, 2015.Google Scholar
McDavid, Carol 2002 Archaeologies that Hurt; Descendants that Matter: A Pragmatic Approach to Collaboration in the Public Interpretation of African-American Archaeology. World Archaeology 34:303–314. Google Scholar
McDavid, Carol 2003 Context, Collaboration, and Power: The Public Archaeology of the Levi Jordan Plantation. In SAA Community Partnership Handbook, edited by Derry, Linda and Malloy, Maureen, pp. 45–66. Society for American Archaeology, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
McDavid, Carol 2004a Towards a More Democratic Archaeology? The Internet and Public Archaeological Practice. In Public Archaeology, edited by Merriman, Nick, pp. 159–187. Routledge, London.Google Scholar
McDavid, Carol 2004b From “Traditional” Archaeology to Public Archaeology to Community Action: The Levi Jordan Plantation Project. In Places in Mind: Archaeology as Applied Anthropology, edited by Shackel, Paul A. and Chambers, Erve pp. 35–56. Routledge, New York.Google Scholar
McDavid, Carol 2014 Co-Creation, the Public, and the Archaeological Record. Discussant comments presented at the 79th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Austin.Google Scholar
MacDonald, Craig 2015 Assessing the User Experience (UX) of Online Museum Collections: Perspectives from Design and Museum Professionals. Electronic document, http://mw2015.museumsandtheweb.com/paper/assessing-the-user-experience-ux-of-online-museum-collections-perspectives-from-design-and-museum-professionals/, accessed March 27, 2015.Google Scholar
McManamon, Francis P., and Kintigh, Keith W. 2010 Digital Antiquity Transforming Archaeological Data into Knowledge. SAA Archaeological Record 10(2):37–41.Google Scholar
Mazel, Aron, Galani, Areti, Maxwell, Deborah, and Sharpe, Kate 2012 I Want to Be Provoked: Public Involvement in the Development of the Northumberland Rock Art on Mobile Phones Project. World Archaeology 44:592–611.Google Scholar
Means, Bernard 2015 Promoting a More Interactive Public Archaeology: Archaeological Visualization and Reflexivity through Virtual Artifact Curation. Advances in Archaeological Practice 3:235–248.Google Scholar
Merriman, Nick (editor) 2004 Public Archaeology. Routledge, New York.Google Scholar
Micropasts 2013 MicroPasts: Crowdsourcing. Electronic document, http://crowdsourced.micropasts.org/, accessed April 1, 2015.Google Scholar
Miller, Sarah 2015 Cemeteries as Participatory Museums: The Cemetery Resource Protection Training (CRPT) Program Across Florida. Advances in Archaeological Practice 3:275–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, Colleen, and Eve, Stuart 2012 DIY and Digital Archaeology:What Are You Doing to Participate? World Archaeology 44:521–537.Google Scholar
Moyer, Teresa 2015 Building Capacity for Co-Created Digital Moviemaking through Youth Programs. Advances in Archaeological Practice 3:291–300.Google Scholar
Mukurtu, 2015 Mukurtu: The Safest Keeping Place on the Net. Electronic document, http://www.codifi.org/mukurtu, accessed April 1, 2015.Google Scholar
National Geographic 2010 Field Expedition: Mongolia. Electronic document, http://exploration.nationalgeographic.com/mongolia, accessed April 1, 2014.Google Scholar
O’Reilly, Timothy 2005 What is Web 2.0? Electronic document, http://oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly-/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html, accessed December 12, 2014.Google Scholar
O’Reilly, Timothy, and Battelle, J. 2009 Web Squared: Web 2.0 Five Years On. Web 2.0 Summit. Electronic document, http://assets.en.oreilly.com/1/event/28/web2009_websquared-whitepaper.pdf, accessed December 10, 2014.Google Scholar
Pett, Daniel, and Bonacchi, Chiara 2012 Conclusions. In Archaeology and Digital Communication. Towards Strategies of Public Engagement, edited by Bonacchi, Chiara pp. 127–137. Archetype Publications,London.Google Scholar
Phillips, Lori Bryd 2014 The Role of Open Authority in a Collaborative Web. In Crowdsourcing Our Cultural Heritage, edited by Ridge, Mia, pp. 247–268. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., London.Google Scholar
Popetz, Kimberley 2015 Turning Privies into Class Projects. Advances in Archaeological Practice 3:301–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) 2014 Portable Antiquities Scheme. Electronic document,https://finds.org.uk/,accessed March 8, 2015.Google Scholar
Reciprocal Research Network (RRN) 2014 Reciprocal Research Network First Nations Items from the Northwest Coast. Electronic document, http://www.rrncommunity.org, accessed April 1, 2014.Google Scholar
Reeves, Matthew 2015 Sleeping with the Enemy: Metal Detecting Hobbyists and Archaeologists. Advances in Archaeological Practice 3:263–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Remixing Catalhoyuk 2014 Remixing Catalhoyuk. Electronic document, http://okapi.dreamhosters.com/remixing/mainpage.html, accessed December 30, 2014.Google Scholar
Richards, Julian, Stuart, Jeffery, Waller, Stewart, Ciravegna, Fabio, Chapman, Sam, and Zhang, Ziqi 2011 The Archaeology Data Service and the Archaeotools Project: Faceted Classification and Natural Language Processing. In Archaeology 2.0: New Tools for Communication and Collaboration, edited by Kansa, Eric Kansa, Sarah Whitcher, and Watrall, Ethan, pp. 31–56. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Richardson, Lorna J. 2012 Twitter and archaeology. In Archaeologists and the Digital. Towards Strategies of Engagement, edited by Bonacchi, Chiara, pp. 15–24. Archetype Publications, London.Google Scholar
Richardson, Lorna J. 2013 A Digital Public Archaeology? Papers from the Institute of Archaeology 23(1):10.Google Scholar
Richardson, Lorna J. 2014 The Day of Archaeology: Blogging and Online Archaeological Communities. European Journal of Post-Classical Archaeologies 4:421–446.Google Scholar
Ridge, Mia 2013a Open Objects. Electronic document, http://openobjects.blogspot.com/2013/07/dhoxss-from-broadcast-to-collaboration.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+OpenObjects%2Fatom+%28Open+Objects%29, accessed December 13, 2014.Google Scholar
Ridge, Mia 2013b From Tagging to Theorizing: Deepening Engagement with Cultural Heritage Through Crowdsourcing. Curator: The Museum Journal 56:435–450.Google Scholar
Rocks-Macqueen, Doug, and Webster, Chris (editors) 2014 Blogging Archaeology. Landward Research Ltd., London.Google Scholar
Rowley, Susan, Schaepe, Dave, Sparrow, Leona Sanborn, Andrea, Tadermacher, Ulrike, Wallace, Ryan, Jakobsen, Nicholas, Turner, Hannah, Sadofsky, Sivia , and Goffman, Tristan 2010 Building an On-Line Research Community: The Reciprocal Research Network. In Museums and the Web 2010: Proceedings, edited by Trant, J. and Bearman., D. Archives & Museum Informatics, Toronto. Electronic document, http://www.museumsandtheweb.com/mw2010/papers/rowley/rowley.html, accessed December 30, 2014.Google Scholar
Russell, Matthew A. 2014 Mining the Social Web: Data Mining Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Google+, GitHub, and More. O’Reilly Media Inc., , Cambridge.Google Scholar
Shackel, Paul, and Chambers, Evre (editors) 2004 Places in Mind: Public Archaeology as Applied Archaeology. Routledge, New York and London.Google Scholar
Shanks, Michael, and Witmore, Christopher 2012 Archaeology 2.0? Review of Archaeology 2.0: New Approaches To Communication And Collaboration. Internet Archaeology 32. Electronic document, http://dx.doi.org/10.11141/ia.32.7, accessed December 1, 2014.Google Scholar
Simon, Arleyn, and Crider, Destiny 2002 ArchNet. SAA Archaeological Record 2(5):26–69.Google Scholar
Simon, Nina 2010 The Participatory Museum. Electronic document,http://www.participatorymuseum.org/read/. accessed December 1, 2014.Google Scholar
Smith, Monica L. 2014 Citizen Science in Archaeology. American Antiquity 79:749–762.Google Scholar
Srinivasan, Ramsesh, Boast, Robin, Becvar, Katherine, and Enote, Jim 2010 Diverse Knowledges and Contact Zones within the Digital Museum. Science Technology and Human Values 35(5):735–768.Google Scholar
Tanner, Simon 2012 Measuring the Impact of Digital Resources: The Balanced Value Impact Model. Electronic document,http://www.kdcs.kcl.ac.uk/fileadmin/documents/pubs/BalancedValueImpactModel_SimonTanner_October2012.pdf, accessed September 12, 2014.Google Scholar
Thornton, A. A. 2012 Wikipedia and Blogs: New Fields for Archaeological Research? In Archaeologists and the Digital Towards Strategies of Engagement, edited by Bonnachi, Chiara pp.103–113. Archetype Publications, London.Google Scholar
Villaespesa, Elena 2013 Diving Into the Museum’s Social Media Stream. Analysis of the Visitor Experience in 140 Characters. In Museums and the Web 2013, edited by Proctor, Nancy and Cherry, Rich. Museums and the Web, Silver Spring, Maryland.Google Scholar
Walker, Dominic 2014 Decentering the Discipline? Archaeology, Museums and Social Media. AP: Online Journal in Public Archaeology Special Vol. 1:77–102.Google Scholar
Watrall, Ethan 2002 Digital Pharaoh: Archaeology, Public Education and Interactive Entertainment. Public Archaeology 2(3):163–169. Google Scholar
Watrall, Ethan 2014 Red Land/Black Land: Teaching Ancient Egyptian Archaeology through Digital Game-Based Learning. Advances in Archaeological Practice 2:38–49.Google Scholar
Zooniverse, 2014 Zooniverse. Electronic document, https://zooninverse.org/, accessed January 10, 2015.Google Scholar