Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-nr4z6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-17T13:54:46.825Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Eighteenth Century Navaho Hogans from Canyon de Chelly National Monument

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2017

Wesley R. Hurt Jr.
Wesley R. Hurt Jr.*
Affiliation:
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Archaeological reconnaissance during the summer of 1941 at Canyon de Chelly National Monument disclosed the location of two groups of Navaho hogans built in 1758, 1766, and 1770. The significance of these dwellings lies in the fact that they definitely establish Navaho occupation of the area west of the Chuska Mountains in the middle of the eighteenth century. In addition to the early dates and the architectural details, the sites produced a large series of Navaho painted sherds and several glass trade beads.

Canyon de Chelly is located in the approximate center of the Navaho Reservation, on the West side of the Defiance Plateau, in northeastern Arizona. The first group of hogans, the Spider Rock hogans, lay at a distance of 2.7 miles from the Chinle-Defiance road, along the small spur going to the Spider Rock Overlook; the second group was situated further along this by-road at a distance of 3.3 miles from the road.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 8 , Issue 1 , July 1942 , pp. 89 - 104
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 1942

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

A Bibliography for Nomads of the Southwest for the Three Preceding Articles

Amsden, C. A. 1934. Navajo Weaving: its Technique and History. Santa Ana, California. AnonymousGoogle Scholar
Amsden, C. A. 1923. “Ancient Spanish Torreon at Manzano.” El Palacio, Vol. 14, No. 9, p. 126.Google Scholar
Amsden, C. A. 1925. “Spanish Torreon at Manzano.” El Palacio, Vol. 19, No. 8, Front Cover.Google Scholar
Bandelier, A. F. 1892. Final Report of Investigations among the Indians of the Southwestern United States, carried on mainly in the years from 1880-1885. Papers of the Archaeological Institute of America, American Series 3-4, No. 4. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Barber, Edwin A. 1876. “The Ancient Pottery of Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico.” American Naturalist, Vol. 10, No. 452.Google Scholar
Bloom, L. B., and Mitchell, L. B. 1938. “The Chapter Elections of 1672.” New Mexico Historical Review, Vol. 13, No. 1, p. 107.Google Scholar
Chapin, F. H. 1892. Land of the Cliff Dwellers. Boston.Google Scholar
Colton, H. S. 1920. “Did the So-called Cliff Dwellers of Central Arizona also build Hogans.” American Anthropologist, Vol. 22, No. 3.Google Scholar
Curtis, E. S. 1928. The North American Indian, Vol. 18.Google Scholar
Douglas, F. H. 1937. “Seven Navajo Pots.” Denver Art Museum, Material Culture Notes, No. 3, pp. 9–14.Google Scholar
Farmer, Malcolm 1941. “The Growth of Navajo Culture.” The San Diego Museum Bulletin, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 8–16.Google Scholar
Fewkes, J. W. 1919. Prehistoric Villages, Castles, and Towers of Southwestern Colorado. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 70. Washington.Google Scholar
Franciscan Fathers 1910. An Ethnographic Dictionary of the Navajo Language. St. Michaels, Arizona.Google Scholar
Gayton, A. H. 1929. Yokuts and Western Mono Pottery Making. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 24, No. 3.Google Scholar
Gifford, E. W. 1940. “Culture Element Distributions: XII, Apache-Pueblo.” Anthropological Records, Vol. 4, No. 1. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Gifford, E. W., and W. E., Schenck 1926. Archaeology of the Southern San Joaquin Valley, California. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 23, pp. 1–22.Google Scholar
Gilmore, Melvin 1925. “Arikara Uses of Clay.” Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, Indian Notes, Vol. 2, p. 286.Google Scholar
Gillin, J. H., quoted by Haury, E. W. 1937. In “Notes and News.” American Antiquity, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 217–218.Google Scholar
Haile, Father B. 1937. Some Cultural Aspects of the Navajo Hogan. Mimeographed.Google Scholar
Haile, Father B. 1938. Origin Legend of the Navaho Enemy Way. Yale University Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 17.Google Scholar
Hall, E. T., quoted by Renaud, E. B. 1937. In Archaeological Survey of the High Western Plains. Ninth Report. Denver.Google Scholar
Harrington, J. P. 1940. “Southern Peripheral Athapaskawan Origins, Divisions, and Migrations.” In Essays in Historical Anthropology of North America, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 100. Washington.Google Scholar
Harris, W. R. 1909. The Catholic Church in Utah. Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Hibben, F. C. 1937. Excavations of the Riana Ruin and Chama Valley Survey. University of New Mexico Bulletin, Anthropological Series, Vol. 2, No. 1. Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Hibben, F. C. 1938. “The Gallina Phase.” American Antiquity, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 131–136.Google Scholar
Hill, W. W. 1936. Navaho Warfare. Yale University Publications in Anthropology, No. 5.Google Scholar
Hill, W. W. 1937. Navajo Pottery Manufacture. University of New Mexico Bulletin, Anthropological Series, Vol. 2, No. 3. Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Hill, W. W. 1938. Agricultural and Hunting Methods of the Navaho. Yale University Publications in Anthropology, No. 18.Google Scholar
Hill, W. W. 1940. “Some Navajo Culture Changes during two Centuries (with a Translation of the Early 18th Century Rabal Manuscript).” In Essays in Historical Anthropology of North America, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 100. Washington.Google Scholar
Hodge, F. W. 1895. “The Early Navajo and Apache.” American Anthropologist, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 223–240.Google Scholar
Hodge, F. W. 1916. In Ayer, E. E., The Memorial of Fray Alonzo de Benavides, p. 244. Chicago.Google Scholar
Hurst, C. T. 1939. “A Ute Shelter in Saguache County, Colorado.” Southwestern Lore, Vol. 5, No. 3.Google Scholar
Huscher, H . A. 1939. “Drainage Pattern of the Uncompahgre Plateau.” Southwestern Lore Vol. 5, No. 2.Google Scholar
Huscher, B. H., and H. A., Huscher 1939 and 1940. In Reports of the Department of Archaeology, Colorado Museum of Natural History. Denver.Google Scholar
Jeancon, J. A. 1927. “Antiquities of Moffat County, Colorado.” The Colorado Magazine, Vol.4, No. 1.Google Scholar
Jenness, Diamond 1940. In Proceedings of the International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences. Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Judd, N. M. 1940. “Progress in the Southwest.” In Essays in Historical Anthropology of North America, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 100. Washington.Google Scholar
Keur, D. L. 1940. “New Light on Navaho Origins.” New York Academy of Sciences, Transactions, Section 2, Vol. 2, pp. 182–188.Google Scholar
Keur, D. L. 1941. Big Bead Mesa, An Archaeological Study of Navaho Acculturation, 1745–1812. Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology, No. 1. American Antiquity, Vol. 7, No. 2. Pt. 2.Google Scholar
Kidder, A. V. 1920. “Ruins of the Historic Period in the Upper San Juan Valley, New Mexico.” American Anthropologist, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 322–329.Google Scholar
Kidder, A. V. 1931. The Pottery of Pecos, Vol. I, The Dull-Paint Wares. Papers of the Phillips Academy Southwestern Expedition, No. 5. Yale University Press, New Haven.Google Scholar
Kidder, A. V. 1932. The Artifacts of Pecos. Papers of the Phillips Academy Southwestern Expedition, No. 6. Yale University Press, New Haven.Google Scholar
Kidder, A. V., and A. C., Shepard 1936. The Pottery of Pecos, Vol. II. Papers of the Phillips Academy Southwestern Expedition, No. 7. Yale University Press, New Haven.Google Scholar
Kluckhohn, C., and Spencer, K. 1940. A Bibliography of the Navaho Indians. New York.Google Scholar
Lowie, R. H. 1909. The Northern Shoshone. American Museum of Natural History, Anthropological Papers, No. 2.Google Scholar
Malcolm, R. L. 1939. “Archaeological Remains, Supposedly Navajo, from Chaco Canyon, New Mexico.” American Antiquity, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 4–20.Google Scholar
Mantz, C. A. 1939. “The Corner-Tang Artifacts of Japan.” Paper read at the Alpine, Texas, meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.Google Scholar
Matthews, W. 1902. The Night Chant, a Navajo Ceremony. American Museum of Natural History, Memoir 6.Google Scholar
McKern, W. C. 1937. “An Hypothesis for the Asiatic Origin of the Woodland Culture Pattern.” American Antiquity, Vol. 3, No. 2.Google Scholar
Mera, H. P. 1935. Ceramic Clues to the Prehistory of North Central New Mexico. Laboratory of Anthropology, Technical Bulletin 8. Santa Fe.Google Scholar
Mera, H. P. 1938. “Some Aspects of the Largo Cultural Phase, Northern New Mexico.” American Antiquity, Vol. 3, pp. 236–243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mera, H. P. 1939. Style Trends of Pueblo Pottery in the Rio Grande and Little Colorado Cultural Areas from the Sixteenth to the Ninleenth Century. Laboratory of Anthropology, Memoir 3. Santa Fe.Google Scholar
Mindeleff, C. 1898. Navajo Houses. Bureau of American Ethnology, 17th Annual Report, pp. 475–517. Washington.Google Scholar
Mindeleff, V. 1891. A Study of Pueblo Architecture, Tusayan and Cibola. Bureau of American Ethnology, 8th Annual Report. Washington.Google Scholar
Moorehead, W. K. 1921. “Recent Explorations in Northwest Texas.” American Anthropologist, Vol. 23, No. 1.Google Scholar
Moorehead, W. K. 1931. Archaeology of the Arkansas River Valley. Yale University Press, New Haven.Google Scholar
Morris, R., Glazier, E. and Thallon, R. 1937. “Archaeological Report of the Canyon of Ladore-Yampa River Reconnaissance of 1936.” Trail and Timberline, No. 219.Google Scholar
Morss, Noel 1931. The Ancient Culture of the Fremont River in Utah. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, Vol. 13, No. 3.Google Scholar
Page, G. B. 1937a. “The Navaho Sweat House.” New Mexico Anthropologist, Vol. 2, pp. 19–21.Google Scholar
Page, G. B. 1937b. “Navajo House Types.” Museum of Northern Arizona, Museum Notes, Vol. 9, No. 9, pp. 47–49.Google Scholar
Patterson, J. T. 1936. The Corner-Tang Flint Artifacts of Texas. University of Texas Publication 3618. Anthropological Papers, Vol. 1, No. 4.Google Scholar
Pearsall, A. 1939. “Evidence of Pueblo Culture in the San Luis Valley.” Southwestern Lore, Vol.5, No. 1.Google Scholar
Ray, V. F. 1932. “Pottery on the Middle Columbia.” American Anthropologist, Vol. 34, No. 1.Google Scholar
Reagan, A. B. 1933. “Summary of Archaeological Finds in the Uintah Basin, in Utah, to Date.” Proceedings of the Utah Academy of Science, Arts and, Letters, Vol. 10.Google Scholar
Reagan, A. B. 1935. “Archaeological Field Work, Spring, 1935.” Proceedings of the Utah Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, Vol. 12.Google Scholar
Reed, E. K. 1941. “Information on the Navaho in 1706.” American Anthropologist, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 485–487.Google Scholar
Reiter, P. 1938. The Jemez Pueblo of Unshagi, New Mexico. Monograph of the School of American Research, No. 5. Santa Fe.Google Scholar
Renaud, E. B. 1931. Archaeological Survey of Eastern Colorado. Denver.Google Scholar
Renaud, E. B. 1932. Archaeological Survey of Eastern Colorado. Denver.Google Scholar
Renaud, E. B. 1935. Archaeological Survey of Eastern Colorado, Fourth Report. Denver.Google Scholar
Renaud, E. B. 1937. Archaeological Survey of the High Western Plains, Ninth Report. Denver.Google Scholar
Rogers, M. J. 1936. Yuman Pottery Making. San Diego Museum Papers, No. 2.Google Scholar
Sapir, E. 1923. “A Note on Sarcee Pottery.” American Anthropologist, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 247–253.Google Scholar
Sapir, E. 1936. “Internal Linguistic Evidence Suggestive of the Northern Origin of the Navajo.” American Anthropologist, Vol. 38, No. 3.Google Scholar
Schellbach, L. 1930. “Mr. Schellbach's Researches in Idaho.” Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, Indian Notes, No. 7, p. 123.Google Scholar
Shapiro, H. L. 1931. The Alaskan Eskimo. American Museum of Natural History, Anthropological Papers, Vol. 31, Pt. 6.Google Scholar
Smith, E. R., quoted by Haury, E. W. 1940. In “Notes and News.” American Antiquity, Vol. 5, No. 4, p. 344.Google Scholar
Smith, H. I. 1910. “An Unknown Field in American Archaeology.” American Geographical Society, Bulletin 42, No. 7.Google Scholar
Spier, L. 1928. Havasupai Ethnography. American Museum of Natural History, Anthropological Papers, Vol. 29, Pt. 3.Google Scholar
Stallings, W. S. Jr. 1937. “Southwestern Dated Ruins: I.” Tree-Ring Bulletin, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 3–5.Google Scholar
Steward, J. H. 1933. Ethnography of the Owen's Valley Paiute. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 33, No. 3.Google Scholar
Steward, J. H. 1936. Pueblo Material Culture in Western Utah. University of New Mexico Bulletin, Archaeological Series, Vol. 1, No. 3.Google Scholar
Steward, J. H. 1937a. Ancient Caves of the Great Salt Lake Region. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 116. Washington.Google Scholar
Steward, J. H. 1937b. “Petroglyphs of the United States.” Smithsonian Institution, Annual Report, 1936. Washington.Google Scholar
Steward, J. H. 1939. Notes on Hitlers’ Photographs of the Paiute and Vie Indians Taken on the Powell Expedition of 1873. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 98, No. 18. Washington.Google Scholar
Steward, J. H. 1940. “Native Cultures of the Intermontane (Great Basin) Area.” In Essays in Historical Anthropology of North America, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 100. Washington.Google Scholar
Steward, J. H. 1941. “Culture Element Distributions: XIII, Nevada Shoshone.” Anthropological Records, Vol. 4, No. 2. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Strong, W. D. 1935. An Introduction to Nebraska Archaeology. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 93, No. 10. Washington.Google Scholar
Tanner, C. L. 1936. “Blackstone Ruin.” The Kiva, Vol. 2, No. 3.Google Scholar
Thomas, A. B. 1932. Forgotten Frontiers. Norman, Oklahoma.Google Scholar
Thomas, A. B. 1935. After Coronado. Norman, Oklahoma.Google Scholar
Tschopik, H. 1941. Navajo Pottery Making, An Inquiry into the Affinities of Navajo Painted Pottery. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, Vol. 17, No. 1.Google Scholar
Ugarte y Loyola, J. 1788. Archive No. 1022, New Mexico Historical Society.Google Scholar
Van Valkenburgh, R. F. 1938a. “A Striking Navaho Petroglyph.” Southwest Museum, The Masterkey, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 153–157.Google Scholar
Van Valkenburgh, R. F. 1938b. A Short His ory of the Navajo People. United States Department of the Interior, Navajo Service, Window Rock, Arizona.Google Scholar
Van Valkenburgh, R. F. 1940. “We Found the Ancient Tower of Hask-hek'izh.” Desert Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 8.Google Scholar
Van Valkenburgh, R. F. 1941a. Dine bikeyah. United States Department of the Interior, Navajo Service, Window Rock, Arizona.Google Scholar
Van Valkenburgh, R. F. 1941b. “New Light on Navaho Migrations.” Gallup Gazette, Vol. 7, No. 43, August 12, p. 9.Google Scholar
Wheeler, S. M. 1938. “A Fremont River Moccasin from Nevada.” Southwest Museum, The Masterkey.Google Scholar
Woodbury, G., and Woodbury, E. 1932. “Archaeological Survey of the Paradox Valley.” The Colorado Magazine, Vol. 9, No. 1.Google Scholar
Wormington, M. 1940. In Report of the Department of Archaeology, Colorado Museum of Natural History for the year 1939, pp. 19–26. Denver.Google Scholar
Wormington, M. 1941. In Report of the Department of Archaeology, Colorado Museum of Natural History for the year 1940, pp. 20–22. Denver.Google Scholar