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A Formal Test of the Origin of Variation in North American Early Paleoindian Projectile Points

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Briggs Buchanan  and
Marcus J. Hamilton
Briggs Buchanan
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, 9635-8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
Marcus J. Hamilton
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131
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Abstract

Recently it has been suggested that variation in the form of Early Paleoindian projectile points across North America was the result of drift rather than regional adaptation (Morrow and Morrow 1999). Here, we test this hypothesis quantitatively with matrix correlation statistics. Using a sample of Early Paleoindian point assemblages from across the continent we attempt to correlate variation in point shape with several measures of late Pleistocene period regional variation including net primary production, prey availability, prey selection, and prey body size. We find no significant correlations between point shape and measures of regional variation, suggesting that functional modifications to points within specific regional biomes were minimal. We do find evidence of spatial autocorrelation as the regional variation in point shape correlates positively with geographic distances among sites, a pattern consistent with recent, shared ancestry. Our findings provide support for the drift hypothesis posed by Morrow and Morrow (1999). We interpret these results as suggesting that despite the wide variation in regional environmental conditions across late Pleistocene period North America not enough time elapsed during the Early Paleoindian period for these local selective gradients to have led to significant changes in point shape.

Résumé

Résumé

Recientemente se ha sugerido que las variaciones encontradas en las puntas de proyectiles a lo largo de Norteamérica durante la etapa temprana del periodo Paleoindio fue el resultado de deriva, en lugar de la adaptación regional (Morrow y Morrow 1999). En este trabajo utilizamos matriz de correlación para poner a prueba esta hipótesis de una forma cuantitativa. Utilizando un conjunto de puntas de proyectiles que datan de la etapa temprana del periodo Paleoindio, que provienen de varias localidades del continente, entre la forma de los puntos correlaciones con indicadores de variación regional del Pleistoceno tardío. Dichos indicadores fueron la producción primaria neta, disponibilidad, selección y tamaño de las presas. No encontramos correlaciones significativas entre la forma de las puntas y las medidas de variación regional utilizadas. Esto sugiere que las modificaciones funcionales a las puntas dentro de biomas específicos fue mínima. Encontramos evidencia de autocorrelacion espacial, ya que la variación regional en la forma de las puntas se relaciona positivamente con la distancia geográfica entre sitios. Este es un patrón comúnmente derivado de una ancestría común. Nuestros descubrimientos apoyan la hipótesis postulada por Morrow y Morrow (1999). Con ello, se sugiere que a pesar de que existe una gran variación en las condiciones ecológicas locales en toda la etapa del Pleistoceno tardío de Norteamérica, el lapso de tiempo trascurrido hasta el Paleoindio temprano, no fue el suficiente como para que estos gradientes selectivos, ocasionaran cambios en la forma de las puntas de los proyectiles.

Type
Reports
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 74 , Issue 2 , April 2009 , pp. 279 - 298
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2009

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