The material described in this article was secured by Dr. D. Jenness and the writer in 1927 and 1929 in the course of archaeological reconnaissances along the east and west coasts of Newfoundland. The purpose of both field trips was to locate sites and burial places of the extinct Beothuk Indians. Although the writer suspected that other people besides the Beothuk had inhabited the island in prehistoric times, he was surprised to find abundant evidences of the presence of an Eskimo people on the northwest coast: one of the sites visited by Dr. Jenness on the northeast coast also was inhabited by Eskimo.

The third Peabody Museum Awatovi expedition, under the direction of the writer began work on July 12, 1937, and remained in the field until November 5, 1937. The explorations and excavations were carried on under permission of the United States Department of the Interior. The continuation of these studies was made possible by the contributions of Mr. and Mrs. William H. Claflin, Jr., Mr. Henry S. Morgan, Mr. and Mrs. Philip Allen, Mr. and Mrs. Raymond Emerson, and the Peabody Museum. Its primary objective was the securing of information relative to the post-Spanish period of Awatovi.

Extending over a wide area in northern and central Europe great beds of peat cover stretches of moor and occupy valleys and depressions where sluggish drainage has favored the growth of marsh vegetation. More than any other soil type they are entirely dependent in substance on the vegetation which they support. Thus they are peculiarly reflective of changes of a climatic nature, and this, combined with the preservative effects of bog acid, both upon pollens and artifacts, has made them a peculiarly effective medium for investigation. While most thoroughly studied in Europe, peats occur in both the northern and southern hemisphere wherever conditions permit. Typically and most extensively however, they are a circumpolar phenomenon closely attendant upon glaciation.

This paper is limited to the presentation of the stratigraphic relationships of certain pottery types which are found in a pre-historic village site in central Georgia. These types are site markers of two established cultural horizons in the southeast, and it is evident that their wide distribution and relationships to the chronological framework of the area are of major archaeological importance. In a recently published report of investigations centering in and around Macon, Georgia, A. R. Kelly demonstrates that the Lamar and Swift Creek horizons are differentiated from each other and from other cultural complexes in the region by distinctive traits. Foremost among these traits, for each complex, is pottery.

The complete lower jaw of a Mastodon was found a number of years ago in “Pleistocene” gravels several miles from Bitterwater, San Benito County, California. When this locality was visited a few weeks ago by a field party from the Museum of Paleontology, University of California, a confusing “association” of Proboscidean bones and recent utensils was observed. Near the top of a cross-bedded deposit of gravel lay the distal end of an elephant limb bone (see Figure 5). Immediately below was found an Indian stone mortar, and again below the latter occurred a cast iron Dutch oven. This association was obviously the result of re-working of these evidently non-contemporaneous objects.