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Studies on the Heredity of the Human Blood Groups. I. The M-N Types1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2014

A. S. Wiener ,
N. Di Diego  and
S. Sokol
A. S. Wiener
Affiliation:
From the Serological Laboratory of the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of New York City, and the Division of the Immunohematology of theJewish Hospital of Brooklyn
N. Di Diego
Affiliation:
From the Serological Laboratory of the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of New York City, and the Division of the Immunohematology of theJewish Hospital of Brooklyn
S. Sokol
Affiliation:
From the Serological Laboratory of the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of New York City, and the Division of the Immunohematology of theJewish Hospital of Brooklyn

Summary

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New data on the heredity of the M-N types in 420 families with 645 children conform precisely with the requirements of the genetic theory of Landsteiner and Levine. To date as many as 1580 families with 3379 children have been tested in our laboratory. According to our experiences, the three M-N types are entirely reliable for use in medicolegal cases of disputed paternity, provided that the individual who performs the tests is qualified.

New data on the distribution of the M-N types in 954 individuals are presented, as well as data on the distribution of the M-N S types in 394 individuals. The findings regarding the M-N-S types agree with previous reports concerning their distribution in Caucasoids. The medicolegal application of the M-N-S types is discussed and it is pointed out that more work must be done before the S and s factors can be safely used. What is needed most is methods for preparing anti-S and anti-s sera of satisfactory specificity and avidity.

Riassunto

RIASSUNTO

I recenti reperti sull'eredità dei tipi M-N presso 420 famiglie con 645 fanciulli corrispondono esattamente alle esigenze della teoria genetica di Landsteiner e Levine. Ad oggi nel nostro laboratorio furono praticate delle ricerche per un totale di 1580 famiglie con 3379 fanciulli. Secondo i nostri risultati si può ricorrere ai tre tipi M-N nei casi medicolegali di paternité contestata, a condizione che l'operatore possieda le qualità richieste.

Dei nuovi dati vengono presentati sulla distribuzione dei tipi M-N presso 954 individui, come pure sulla distribuzione dei tipi M-N-S presso 394 individui. Le osservazioni sui tipi M-N-S si accordano con i precedent! reperti che riguardano la loro distribuzione nei soggetti di razza caucasica. Viene trattata l'applicazione medico-legale dei tipi M-N-S e si rileva che è necessario procedere ad ulteriori ricerche prima di poter utilizzare, con totale sicurezza, i fattori S e s. Soprattutto appare necessario possedere dei metodi per la preparazione dei sieri anti-S e anti-s di sufficiente specificità e avidità.

Résumé

RÉSUMÉ

De nouvelles données obtenues sur l'hérédité des types M-N chez 420 familles ayant 645 enfants se conforment exactement aux exigences de la théorie génétique de Landsteiner et Levine. Jusqu'ici des épreuves ont été faites dans notre laboratoire sur un total de 1580 familles ayant 3379 enfants. D'après nos épreuves, nous pouvons compter sur les trois types M-N en cas médi-colégaux de paternité contestée, à condition que la personne faisant les épreuves possède les qualités requises.

De nouvelles données sont présentées sur la distribution des types M-N chez 954 personnes, ainsi que des données sur la distribution des types M-N-S chez 394 personnes. Les observations sur les types M-N-S s'accordent avec les rapports précédents concernant leur distribution chez les Caucasoïdes. On traite de l'application médicolégale des types M-N-S, et on signale qu'il faut encore faire plus d'essais avant de pouvoir se servir en toute sûreté des facteurs S et s. Ce qui est le plus nécessaire, ce sont des méthodes pour la préparation de sérums anti-S et anti-s de spécificité et d'avidité suffisantes.

Zusammenfassung

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Neue Angaben über die Vererblichkeit der M-N Typen in 420 Familien mit 645 Kindern, stimmen genau mit den Forderungen der genetischen Theorien von Landsteiner und Levine überein. Bis jetzt wurden 1580 Familien mit 3379 Kindern in unserem Laboratorium untersucht. Unseren Erfahrungen nach, sind die drei M-N Typen vollständig zuverlässig in medizinischen Rechtsfällen bei denen es sich um bestreitete Paternität handelt, vorausgesetzt, dass qualifizierte Techniker bei diesen Untersuchungen verwendet werden.

Neue Angaben über die M-N Typen Verteilung in 954 Individuen, und die der M-N-S Typen in 394 Personen werden vorgeführt. Die sich auf die M-N-S Typen bezienden Resultate stimmen mit den vorhergehenden Berichten über ihre Verteilung in Caucasen ein. Die medizinisch-rechtliche Anwendung der M-N-S Typen wird diskutiert. Es wird jedoch klar gemacht, dass eine weitere Untersuchung der Angaben nötig ist, vordem die S und s Faktoren mit Sicherheit angewendet werden können. Am nötigsten braucht man Methoden für die Zubereitung von Anti-S und Ant-s Seren einer befriedigenden Spezifität und Avidität.

Type
Research Article
Information
Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research , Volume 2 , Issue 3 , September 1953 , pp. 391 - 398
Copyright
Copyright © The International Society for Twin Studies 1953

Footnotes

1

The authors wish to express their appreciation to Miss Nancy Ercolono for her assistance in making the statistical analysis of the data presented here.

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