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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 November 2011
Brandon Camp lies just south of Leintwardine in the central sector of the Welsh Marches. A Roman road running south from Wroxeter through the Church Stretton gap crosses the river Teme at Leintwardine and skirts the east side of Brandon Hill before traversing the Aymestrey gap and running on to Kenchester; thence branches lead to both Gloucester and Usk. The hill projects into the flood-plain to form a notable feature in this sector of the Teme Valley (PL. XI A), rising to a height of 165 m above O.D.; it has a broad almost level summit which is easily ascended from the south but is protected around the northern edge by low precipitous cliffs. The north-western end is occupied by a pear-shaped hillfort of about 8 acres (3.2 ha) with an excellent outlook west and north. An upstanding rampart 3 m high marks the south and east sides of the Camp, but along the steep scarp it is only just discernible.
1 The site, at SO 401724, is in the modern county of Hereford and Worcester and was formerly in Herefordshire.
2 Antiquity liii (1979), 51–5.
3 Roy, W., Military Antiquities of the Romans in Britain (London, 1793), 172 and pl. XL.Google Scholar The identification is repeated with some hesitation by Wright, Thomas, Wanderings of an Antiquary (London, 1854), 196–8Google Scholar, who gives a not very informative description of the site. I owe this reference to Professor M. Todd.
4 Cf. Wightman, E.M., Helinium xvii (1977), 105–26.Google Scholar
5 See Planck, D., Arch. Ausgr. Baden-Wurttemberg 1981 (1982), 96–100.Google Scholar
6 Antiq. Journ. lxiv (1984), 251–68. Professor Todd has also summarised the Continental and British evidence in Oxford Journ. of Archaeology iv. 2 (1985), 187–99.
7 Antiq. Journ. xlix (1969), 35, fig. 2; By South Cadbury is that Camelot (London, 1972), 170–72 with fig. 10 and pl. 69.
8 Grateful thanks are expressed to the owner of the site, Mr A.J. Ruell; to the British Academy, the Administrators of the Haverfield Bequest, the Society of Antiquaries and the Institute of Archaeology of London University for financial grants and to Mr S.C. Stanford and Professor J.J. Wilkes for much practical assistance. Dr Lynn Pitts and Mr and Mrs Scott Anderson helped with the organisation; the main working-party was drawn from the Institutes of Archaeology at London and Oxford. The excavation cost £7575. It is depressing to reflect that today it is almost impossible to raise a substantially greater sum than this for a purely ‘research’ excavation, which greatly limits the scale of work.
9 See note 2.
10 Britannia v (1974), 20.
11 See the tables of Manning, W.H. in Saalburg-Jahrb. xxxii (1975), 108.Google Scholar
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18 CW2 xxxiv (1934), 120–30; S. Sommer, The Military Vici in Roman Britain BAR, British Ser. No. 129 (1984), fig. 2.
19 Something of what these were like in their original earliest form can be seen at Augustan Mainz (Germania xlii (1964), 262) and at Flavian Masada (JRS lii (1962), 151 with pl. XVIII).
20 See note 18.
21 See note 3.
22 I am grateful to Anthony King for undertaking this survey.
23 Britannia xiii (1982), 360.
24 Schönberger, H. and Simon, H.G., Römerlager Rödgen, Limesforschungen 15 (Berlin, 1976).Google Scholar
25 JRS lxvii (1977), 149–50 (plan).
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28 JRS lxiii (1973), 239–40 (plan): Britannia viii (1977), 360.
29 JRS lix (1969), 121–2 (plan).
30 JRS lxiii (1973), 235–6 (plan): Britannia xvi (1985), 285.
31 Harden, D.B. in Hawkes, C.F.C. and Hull, M.R., Camulodunum, Soc. of Antiqs. of London Res. Rep. (1947), 287–306.Google ScholarCharlesworth, D. in Niblett, R., Sheepen: an Early Roman Industrial Site at Camulodunum, CBA Res. Rep. No. 57 (1985), 136 and 3: FI-II.Google Scholar
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45 For example, Valkenburg: van Lith, op. cit. (note 35), Nos. 1, 22, 28. Asberg: S.M.E. van Lith. Rheinische Ausgrabungen 23, Beiträge zur Archäologie des römischen Rheinlands iv (1983), 223, Nos. 8 & 10, pl. 98, 6.
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47 Price and Cool, op. cit. (note 36), Nos. 4 and 9.
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52 Price and Cool, op. cit. (note 36), Nos. 36 and 54–5.
53 Charlesworth, op. cit. (note 31), 3:F8 Nos. 54–64 and 85.
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58 Camulodunum: Harden, op. cit. (note 31), No. 97. Kingsholm: Price and Cool, op. cit. (note 36), No. 35.
59 Biddle, op. cit. (note 56), 244-5, Nos. 36–53, fig. 9.
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62 W.H. Manning, Catalogue of Romano-British Ironwork in the Museum of Antiquities, Newcastle upon Tyne (1976), 27-8.
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66 Bushe-Fox, J.P., Third Report on the excavation of the Roman fort at Richborough, Kent (London, 1900), pl. xxii, 2Google Scholar; Britannia iii (1972), 101, fig. 21, 1.
67 JRS xxvii (1937), 177, Nos. 23, 87, 91 and 61, respectively.
68 Ibid., 173 No. 32.
69 R. Knorr, Töpfer und Fabriken verzierter Terra-sigillata des ersten Jahrhunderts (1919), Textbild 5.
70 F. Hermet, La Graufesenque (Condatomago) (1934); pl. 19, 98.
71 Ibid., pl. 26, 53.
72 Ibid., pl. 19, 78; misinterpreted as a Hercules, the amphora not being clearly impressed.
73 Knorr, op. cit. (note 65), Taf. 23A, 42A.
74 Loeschcke, S., Lampen aus Vindonissa (Zurich, 1919).Google Scholar
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77 Hartley, K.F. in Dore, J. and Greene, K., Roman Pottery Studies in Britain and Beyond, BAR Supp. Ser. 30 (Oxford, 1977).Google Scholar
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