Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-m9kch Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-16T00:47:28.728Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Carbohydrates digestibility and faecal nitrogen excretion in rats fed raw or germinated faba bean (Vicia faba)- and chickpea (Cicer arietinum)-based diets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Luis A. Rubio
Luis A. Rubio*
Affiliation:
Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Unidad de Nutrición, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
*
Corresponding author: Dr Luis A. Rubio, fax +34 58 572753, email luis.rubio@eez.csic.es
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Raw or germinated faba bean (Vicia faba minor var. Alameda) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum kabuli var. Athenas) seed meals were incorporated in essential amino acid-supplemented and energy-equalized diets for growing (65 (SD 1) g) male Wistar rats as the only sources of dietary protein. A lactalbumin-based diet was used as the control. Faecal dry weight and N excretion of animals fed legume-containing diets were greater (P<0·01) and DM digestibility lower (P<0·01) than controls. Apparent faecal digestibilities of amino acids were found to be not different or lower (P<0·01) than controls in rats fed diets containing legume seeds, either germinated or not. Total diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) and purine bases excretion were significantly (P<0·01) higher than controls in rats fed both legume seed meals. Faecal bacterial N calculated according to DAPA or purine bases values was similar and significantly higher (P<0·01) than controls in rats fed legume seed meals. Bacterial N accounted for 50 to 80 % of total faecal N in rats fed legume diets. Apparent faecal N digestibility values (53–65 %) of rats fed legume-based diets were lower (P<0·01) than controls, but became substantially higher (85–92 %) when calculated taking into account bacterial N values. Faecal NSP digestibility values for legume diets were 40–57 g/100 g ingested. Germination decreased starch faecal excretion (P<0·05) and increased (P<0·05) faecal starch and NSP digestibilities of faba bean seeds.

Keywords

Faba beansChickpeasGerminationCarbohydrates and amino acids digestibilityNitrogen excretion
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 90 , Issue 2 , August 2003 , pp. 301 - 309
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2003

References

Aguilera, JF, Prieto, C, Molina, E & Lachica, M (1988) A micromethod for routine determination of chromic oxide in nutrition studies. Analysis 16, 454–457.Google Scholar
Ahrens, F & Kaufmann, W (1985) Messungen zur fermentation im dickdarm am modell miniaturschwein unter besonderer berücksichtigung der eiweissumsetzungen (Measurements for fermentation in the large intestine of the model miniature pig with special consideration of protein conversions). Z Tierphysiol Tierernähr Füttermittelkunde 53, 150–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Association of Analytical Chemists (1984) Official Methods of Analysis, 14th ed. Arlington, VA: AOAC.Google Scholar
Ayet, G, Burbano, C & Cuadrado, C (1997) Effect of germination, under different environmental conditions, on saponins, phytic acid and tannins in lentils (Lens culinaris). J Agric Food Chem 74, 273–279.3.0.CO;2-L>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bach Knudsen, KE, Borg Jensen, B, Andersen, JO & Hansen, I (1991) Gastrointestinal implications in pigs of wheat and oat fractions. 2. Microbial activity in the gastrointestinal tract. Br J Nutr 65, 233–248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Balcells, J, Guada, JA, Peiró, JM & Parker, DS (1992) Simultaneous determination of allantoin and oxypurines in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 575, 153–157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Batterham, ES, Andersen, LM, Saini, HS & Baigent, DR (1990) Tolerance of growing pigs to trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) meals. Proc Aust Soc Anim Prod 18, 453.Google Scholar
Beames, RM & Eggum, BO (1981) The effect of type and level of protein, fibre and starch on nitrogen excretion patterns in rats. Br J Nutr 46, 301–313.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Botermans, JA & Pierzynowski, SG (1999) Relations between body weight, feed intake, daily weight gain, and exocrine pancreatic secretion in chronically catheterized growing pigs. J Anim Sci 77, 450–456.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chavan, JK, Kadam, SS & Salunkhe, DK (1986) Biochemistry and technology of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 25, 107–158.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chitra, U, Singh, U & Rao, PV (1996) Phytic acid, in vitro protein digestibility, dietary fiber, and minerals of pulses as influenced by processing methods. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 49, 307–316.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cummings, JH (1984) Microbial digestion of complex carbohydrates in man. Proc Nutr Soc 43, 35–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de la Cuadra, C, Muzquiz, M & Burbano, C (1994) Alkaloid, α-galactosides and phytic acid changes in germinating lupin seeds. J Sci Food Agric 66, 357–364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Englyst, HN, Quigley, ME, Hudson, GJ & Cummings, JH (1992) Determination of dietary fibre as non-starch polysaccharides by gas-liquid chromatography. Analyst 117, 1707–1714.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fernández-Fígares, I, Prieto, C, Nieto, R & Aguilera, JF (1997) Free amino acid concentrations in plasma, muscle and liver as indirect measures of protein adequacy in growing chickens. Anim Sci 64, 529–539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodlad, JS & Mathers, JC (1990) Large bowel fermentation in rats given diets containing raw peas (Pisum sativum). Br J Nutr 64, 569–587.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodlad, JS & Mathers, JC (1992) Digestion of complex carbohydrates and large bowel fermentation in rats fed on raw and cooked peas (Pisum sativum). Br J Nutr 67, 475–488.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grant, G, Dorward, P & Pusztai, A (1993) Pancreatic enlargement is evident in rats fed diets containing soybean (G. max) or cowpea (V. ungiculata) for 800 days but not in those given diets based on kidney bean (P. vulgaris) or lupin seed (L. angustifolius). J Nutr 123, 2207–2215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant, G, Edwards, JE & Pusztai, A (1995) α-Amylase inhibitor levels in seeds generally available in Europe. J Sci Food Agric 67, 235–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant, G, More, LM, McKenzie, NH, Stewart, JC & Pusztai, A (1983) A survey on the nutritional and haemagglutination properties of legume seeds generally available in the UK. Br J Nutr 50, 207–214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greiner, R, Pedrosa, MM, Muzquiz, M, Ayet, G, Cuadrado, C & Burbano, C (1998) Effect of germination on phytate content and phytase activity in legumes. In Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Grain Legumes, pp. 82–84. Valladolid, Spain: AEP.Google Scholar
Jakob, S, Mosenthin, R & Thaela, MJ (2000) The influence of potato fibre on exocrine pancreatic secretions and on plasma levels of insulin, secretin and cholecystokinin in growing pigs. Arch Tierernähr 53, 273–291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khaleque, A, Elias, LG, Braham, JE & Bressani, R (1985) Studies on the development of infant foods from plant protein sources. Part I. Effect of germination of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) on the nutritive value and digestibility of proteins. Arch Latinoam Nutr 35, 315–325.Google ScholarPubMed
Khalil, MM (2001) Effect of soaking, germination, autoclaving and cooking on chemical and biological value of guar compared with faba bean. Nahrung 45, 246–250.3.0.CO;2-F>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mansour, EH (1996) Biological and chemical evaluation of chickpea seed proteins as affected by germination, extraction and α-amylase treatment. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 49, 271–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mason, VC (1984) Metabolism of nitrogenous compounds in the large intestine. Proc Nutr Soc 43, 45–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathers, JC (1991) Digestion of non-starch polysaccharides by non-ruminant omnivores. Proc Nutr Soc 50, 161–172.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mathers, JC, Smith, H & Carter, S (1997) Dose-response effects of raw potato starch on small-intestinal escape, large-bowel fermentation and gut transit time in the rat. Br J Nutr 78, 1015–1029.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mosenthin, R, Sauer, WC, Henkel, H, Ahrens, F & de Lange, CFM (1992) Tracer studies of urea kinetics in growing pigs: II. The effect of starch infusion at the distal ileum on urea recycling and bacterial N excretion. J Anim Sci 70, 3467–3472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mossé, J (1990) Nitrogen to protein conversion factor for ten cereals and six legumes or oilseeds. A reappraisal of its definition and determination. Variation according to species and to seed protein content. J Agric Food Chem 38, 18–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pastuszewska, B, Kowalczyk, J & Ochtabinska, A (2000) Dietary carbohydrates affect caecal fermentation and modify nitrogen excretion patterns in rats. II. Studies with diets differing in protein quality. Arch Tierernähr 53, 335–352.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rémésy, C & Demigné, C (1989) Specific effects of fermentable carbohydrates on blood urea flux and ammonia absorption in the rat caecum. J Nutr 119, 560–565.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rérat, A, Simoes Nunes, C, Mendy, P & Roger, L (1987) Absorption kinetics of amino acids from amino acid mixtures of the same composition perfused into the small intestine in the free form or as enzymic milk protein hydrolysates in the conscious pig. Proc Nutr Soc 46, 104AGoogle Scholar
Rubio, LA (2000) Physiological effects of legume storage proteins. Nutr Abstr Rev 70, 197–204.Google Scholar
Rubio, LA (2003 a) Determination of DAPA in rat faeces by HPLC using the Pico Tag Method. J Chromatogr 784B, 125–129.Google Scholar
Rubio, LA (2003) Portal, hepatic vein and circulating plasma amino acids in rats fed lactalbumin-, faba bean- (Vicia faba) or chickpea- (Cicer arietinum) based diets. Anim Sci (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubio, LA, Grant, G, Bardocz, S, Dewey, P & Pusztai, A (1991) Nutritional response of growing rats to faba beans (Vicia faba, minor) and faba bean fractions. Br J Nut 66, 533–542.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rubio, LA, Grant, G, Caballé, C, Martinez-Aragón, A & Pusztai, A (1994) High in vivo (rat) digestibility of faba bean (V. faba), lupin (L. angustifolius) and soybean (G. max) globulins. J Sci Food Agric 66, 289–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubio, LA, Grant, G, Daguid, T, Brown, D, Bardocz, S & Pusztai, A (1998) The nutritional utilization by rats of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) meal and its isolated globulin proteins is poorer than that of defatted soybean or lactalbumin. J Nutr 128, 1042–1047.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rubio, LA, Grant, G, Daguid, T, Brown, D & Pusztai, A (1999) Organ relative weights and plasma amino acid concentrations in rats fed diets based in legume (faba bean, lupin, chickpea, soybean) seed meals or their fractions. J Sci Food Agric 79, 187–194.3.0.CO;2-9>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubio, LA, Grant, G, Scislowsky, P, Brown, D, Annand, M & Pusztai, A (1995) The utilization of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) and faba bean globulins by rats is poorer than of soybean globulins or lactalbumin but the nutritional value of lupin seed meal is lower only than that of lactalbumin. J Nutr 125, 2145–2155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rubio, LA, Muzquiz, M, Burbano, C, Cuadrado, C & Pedrosa, MM (2002) High apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in raw or germinated faba bean- (V. faba) and chickpea- (C. arietinum) based diets for rats. J Sci Food Agric 82, 1710–1717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubio, LA & Seiquer, I (2002) Transport of amino acids from in vitro digested legume proteins or casein in Caco-2 cell cultures. J Agric Food Chem 50, 5202–5206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Savage, GP & Thompson, DR (1993) Effect of processing on the trypsin inhibitor content and nutritive value of chickpeas (C arietinum). In Recent Advances of Research in Antinutritional Factors in Legume Seeds. pp. 435–440. [Van der Poel, AFB, Huisman, J & Saini, AS, editors]. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Wageningen Pers.Google Scholar
Schulze, H, Savelkoul, FHMG, Verstegen, MWA, van der Poel, AFB, Tamminga, S & Groot Nibbelink, SG (1997) Nutritional evaluation of biologically treated white kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in pigs: ileal and amino acid digestibility. J Anim Sci 75, 3185–3194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shekib, LA (1994) In-vitro digestibility and microscopic appearance of germinated legume starches and their effect on dietary protein utilization. Food Chem 50, 59–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Surra, JC, Guada, JA, Balcells, J & Castrillo, C (1997) Effects of post-ruminal fermentation on the faecal and urinary excretion of purines. Anim Sci 65, 383–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Urbano, G, Lopez-Jurado, M & Hernandez, J (1995) Nutritional assessment of raw, heated, and germinated lentils. J Agric Food Chem 43, 1871–1877.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, BA, Verstegen, MWA & Tamminga, S (2001) Fermentation in the large intestine of single-stomached animals and its relationship to animal health. Nutr Res Rev 14, 207–227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolever, TMS & Mehling, C (2002) High-carbohydrate-low-glycaemic index dietary advice improves glucose disposition index in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Br J Nutr 87, 477–487.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed