In 1906 Nathan Banks described a species, Phryganea latipennis, based on a single male specimen which he had received in a collection of caddisflies from Japan. Assignment of this species to the family Phryganeidae has always seemed the logical course because the adults possessed the typical phryganeid characters of ocelli, four-segmented maxilary palpi in the male, and five-segmented palpi in the female, with a tibia1 spur cout of 2, 4, 4. That the species was a phryganeid has never been questioned in the past, and in a preliminary revision of the familyPhrygancidae, Martynov (1924) created a new genus Phryganopsis for the single species latipennis Banks . A second species, cornuta, from Burma, was added to the genus by Kimmins (1950). It was not until 1951 that the larva and case of P. latipennis were figured and briefly described by Tsuda. This was the first published information on the immature stages of the genus, and the structures of the pupa have still not been made known.

The extensive coniferous stands in northwestern Ontario have been subjected to repeated widespread outbreaks of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (5). About 1939 two such outbreaks originated almost simultaneously, one on the west shores of Lake Nipigon and the other south of Lac Seul approximately 180 miles farther west. Each outbreak eventually covered thousands of square miles and was responsible for the destruction of hundreds of square miles of balsam fir forest. Studies of the parasite complex attacking the spruce budworm in northwestern Ontario and the assessment of its general influence on budworm population trends were initiated in the Lake Nipigon outbreak in 1946 by Professor N. R. Brown, now of the University of New Brunswick, and were further developed by the senior author from 1947 to 1950. Similar investigations were initiated by the junior author in the Lac Seul outbreak in 1950 and continued until 1954. Studies in both areas were continued on a limited basis until 1956 through the co-operation of several research officers.

The behaviour to moisture of a number of stored-product insects; Tenebrio molitor (Pielou and Gunn, 1940), Ptinus tectus (Bentley, 1944), Tribolium castaneum (Willis and Roth, 1950) and Tribolium confusum (Roth and Willis, 1951) have been studied. All these species live in a dry environment in flour and all have shown a preference for the drier of any two humidity alternatives. The moisture reactions of the granary weevil were studied since this species develops in a relatively moist environment (Richards, 1947) and should show a contrast to the reactions of the above species. The supplementary studies of this investigation were to determine the effect of moisture conditioning on the moisture reactions and to study the interaction between light and moisture.

In southwestern Ontario the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.), produces two flights annually. The first flight, beginning in June, consists of moths from larvae that have overwintered. The midsummer, or second, flight begins late in July or early in August, and its moths are the progeny of the first flight. Until about 20 years ago the borer produced only one annual flight and was thought to be univoltine. The change in the seasonal history of the borer in Ontario was described by Wressell (1953) and Miller (1956). The literature describing similar changes in parts of the United States has been reviewed by Lees (1955) and Everett et al. (1958). Wressell (1953) summarized light trap collection data of moth flights in the Chatham, Ontario, area for the years 1932 to 1951. The summary includes the percentage of the moths that were from the midsummer flight, and it is evident that the size of this flight varies greatly from year to year. Aside from its intrinsic interest, it would be of some economic value to know what governs the size of the midsummer flight. This is a report of studies undertaken to examine the case, and to relate the findings to the larger problem of why the borer now produces a second flight where formerly it produced only one.

During November, 1958, I studied the Provancher types of Ichneumoninae in the Provincial Museum of Quebec. My work was very much facilitated by the kind assistance of subdirector Noel-M. Comeau, who has arranged the once badly neglected historical specimens in a most exemplary way, securing them against any further damage as well as saving the time of the visiting specialist. I have only to regret that the revision of all Provancher types, which Mr. Comeau has accomplished by many years' endeavour, is not yet published and therefore not available yet to scientific workers.

Baker and Wharton (1952) elevated the Phytoseiidae, formerly a subfamily in the Laelaptidae, to family rank and included two subfamilies: the Phytoseiinae and the Podocininae. Evans (1957) subsequently elevated the latter to family rank also, leaving only the subfamily Phytoseiinae in the Phytoseiidae.

Both Evans (1958) and Chant (in press) characterized the Phytoseiidae as having a two-tined palpal claw, a single dorsal shield in the adult, not more than 21 pairs of setae on the dorsal shield, and a ventrianal shield, or remnant thereof, in the adults of both sexes. One of the present authors (H.A.D.) recently collected specimens of a mite that has this combination of characters except that the dorsal shield of the adults is divided into two sub-equal parts instead of being single. Most of the features of this mite indicate that it cannot reasonably be separated from the Phytoseiidae and that the presence of two dorsal shields justifies the erection of a new subfamily, described below.

In the laboratory, females of Typhodromus tiliae Oudms., T.(N.) rhenanus Oudms., T. finlandicus Oudms., T. fallacis (Garm.), T. corticis Herb., and Phytoseius macropilis (Oudms.) were given various stages of the phytophagous mites Panonychus ulmi (Koch), Bryobia arborea M. & A., and Tetranychus telarius (L.), and Vasates schlechtendali (Nal.) to determine their ranges of feeding. The influence of these prey species on growth of phytoseiids and their ability to oviposit was not determined.

Old grassland in Nova Scotia frequently harbours comparatively high populations of wireworms. One such field near Hall's Harbour, Kings County, was found to be mainly infested with the wheat wireworm, Agriotes mancus (Say), with Hypolithus abbreviatus (Say), Dalopius pallidus Brown, and Ctenicera cylindriformis (Herbst) forming three, one, and 0.5 per cent of the total population respectively. During 1953-58, for various reasons, a total of 1,216 samples of soil each six by six by eight inches deep with adhering sod were taken from this field. The samples were sifted through ¼-inch mesh screen and the number of wireworms found in each was recorded. The number taken from an area flooded by melted snow and rain for at least three weeks each spring was compared with the number from the surrounding unflooded area. It was found that the average number per square foot in the flooded area was 11.8 and that in the unflooded was 9.2; the difference is significant at the one per cent level of probability. Rather scant records showed that carabid larvae were less numerous in the flooded area and it may be possible that a reduced number of these predators permits a greater survival of wireworms.

An abnormal adult male of Lamachus sp., with a single eye, was reared in the summer of 1939 at Belleville, Ont., from a second-generation cocoon of the spruce sawfly, Diprion polytomum (Htg.), collected at Milicin, Czechoslovakia, in September, 1938. The eye (Figs. 1 and 2) occupies the normal position on either side of the head but is continuous over the vertex and extends anteriorly to the antenna1 sutures. The bases of the antennae are closer together than, and arise from the head in a position slightly ventral to, normal. There are no ocelli present. The head is about three-quarters the length and five-eighths the width of that of an average normal specimen, and gives the appearance of being globular in shape. The other appendages of the head appear normai in shape and position.