The following new taxa are described: Pseudopolygrammodes n. gen., type-species Polygrammodes priscalis Caradja, western China; Proteurrhypara n. gen., type-species Opsibotys ocellalis Warren (= Pyrausta discimaculalis Hampson), Japan; Proteurrhypara ocellalis apoialis n. subsp., Hokkaido, Japan; P. chekiangensis n. sp., W. Tien-mu Shan, China; P. occidentalis n. sp., Li-Kiang, N. Yuennan, China; Opsibotys perfuscalis n. sp., Honshu, Japan; and O. flavidecoralis n. sp., Li-Kiang, China. Pyrausta fuscobrunnealis South is transferred to Opsibotys.

The upper limit for continuous development of Pleolophus basizonus lies between 25° and 30 °C since all stages develop at the former temperature and larval mortality is complete at the latter temperature. The lower limit lies between 5.5° and 10 °C, since an eonymphal diapause occurs at 5.5 °C. Between these extremes, diapause incidence varies inversely with temperature. The photoperiod experience of the parent has no effect on diapause in the progeny when the latter are reared at 15° and 18 °C, but there is an inverse relation between parental photoperiod experience and progeny diapause incidence at 10 °C. Although larvae and pupae also survive 3 months at 2 °C, most individuals probably overwinter in eonymphal diapause and their diapause requirements are fulfilled in 3 weeks at 2 °C. The incidence and rate of post-diapause development is directly related to temperature.

Dilute solutions of several basic dyes, especially Crystal Violet and Malachite Green, effectively marked cocoons of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.). In field experiments, 0.25% Crystal Violet applied to soil at 1.0 gallon per square foot of surface area dyed most N. sertifer cocoons recognizably and was not removed by natural leaching or by the water used in extracting cocoons from the soil. Cocoons spun later in treated soil became contaminated but could be recognized by the distribution of dye on detritus adhering to the surface. Dyeing permitted direct measurement of the density of current generation cocoons in late August, when they were visually indistinguishable from old ones.

The infuscatus group comprises 20 species and 2 subspecies. The group is wholly American, the main habitats occurring in the dry parts of the U.SA. and Mexico. Only Philodromus infuscatus Keyserling reaches Canada, while a few species are neotropical. P. droseroides Schick is divided into P. d. droseroides of California and P. d. arizonensis ssp. n. of Arizona. Similarly P. infuscatus is divided into P. i. infuscatus of eastern U.S.A. and P. i. utus Chamberlin of western U.S.A. The following are described as new species: P. pratarioides, P. harrietae, P. mississippianus, P. separatus, P. tortus, P. probolus, P. infectus, P. longiductus, P. breviductus, P. pseudanomalus, P. mexicanus, and P. cavatus. P. dispar Walckenaer, a species introduced from the Old World, is the sole American representative of the dispar group.

A 5-year study of Laspeyresia pseudotsugae n. sp. (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae) yielded considerable data on the habits, life history and immature stages of this insect, which gained attention because of its conspicuous bark-mine scars on the trunks of young Douglas-fir trees, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco. The mines are not deep enough to cause serious damage. L. pseudotsugae has a 1-year life-cycle. Three species of ichneumonid parasites were recovered, and several predators were identified.

Cepegillettea viridis new species is a large green aphid known only from swamp or low birch, Betula pumila L., in Ontario. Its relationships with the other known species, myricae (Patch) and betulifoliae Granovsky, are noted and a key to species is given.

Pristiphora acidovalva is described as a new sawfly on willow. It has been collected from New Brunswick to British Columbia in Canada. The new species is compared with P. leucostoma (Lindqvist), which it closely resembles.

The full-grown larva of Pristiphora acidovalva Wong, a newly recognized sawfly on willow, is described and the occurrence of the species in Ontario is discussed.

Acanthoscelides mucrofer new species is described from Texas and A. helianthemum new species from Florida and Georgia. These are compared with A. tenuis Bottimer and A. atomus (Fall), respectively. Photographs of the four species are included. A. helianthemum had been previously reported from Florida under the name Bruchus compressicornis Schaeffer. The host plant of A. mucrofer is unknown. The following rearing records are reported: A. tenuis from Lythrum alatum and L. lineare; A. helianthemum from Helianthemum corymbosum; A. atomus from Lechea tenuifolia and L. racemulosa; and A. compressicornis from Desmanthus virgatus.

The San Jose scale, Aspidiotus perniciosus Comstock, is predominantly a bark-inhabiting species and develops most successfully on limbs in the top of the tree. Incrustations of scales often form on the bark, sometimes on the fruit, and never on the leaves. Numbers of 150 per cm2 are common on the bark, but they rarely exceed 10 on the fruit or 13 on the leaves. Mortality rate on apple trees is greatest on the leaves, somewhat less on the bark, and least on the fruit. Females occur most frequently on the bark and males most often on the leaves. The very few females that develop on leaves seldom reproduce.The distribution of the San Jose scale is quite variable throughout a tree but is more uniform on specific limbs and old twigs. Distribution on twigs less than 1 year old is never uniform; the basal half of these young twigs is always more heavily colonized than the distal half. Few males develop on young twigs and mortality of all scales is greater on this bark than on limbs and old twigs. The San Jose scale has a greater and more variable mortality on the young twig mainly because this wood is more readily injured by feeding of the scale and low winter temperatures. Thus, twigs up to 1 year old are good sample units only in light infestations and following mild winters. The older twig is the most reliable sample for biological surveys or for assessing insecticide treatments but it is more difficult to examine because it usually contains dead scales of many generations.

An account is given of some malformations affecting the meso- and meta-thoracic legs of Diprion similis Htg. after larvae were reared at certain photoperiods.

Midilambia n. gen. is described for Cacographis colombiana Schaus. A lectotype is designated for the species, which is transferred from Midilinae to Nymphulinae.

The new species Actornithophilus canuti is described and illustrated from specimens found within the quills of primary flight feathers of a knot, Calidris canutus (Linnaeus).

Morestan applied at the white bud, calyx, or white bud plus calyx stage on Bartlett pears gave good control of the pear rust mite, Epitrimerus pyri (Nal.), and prevented fruit russet caused by rust mite feeding. A June spray of Morestan or ethion also controlled the mite but did not prevent fruit russet. During the white bud and calyx stage, the rust mite is found at the base of leaves and flowers but moves to the fruit shortly after the calyx stage. By early June, it can cause considerable fruit russet, especially on the calyx end of the pears.

A technique is described whereby an average of 99% (96–100%) of known numbers of eggs of Ctenicera destructor (Brown) were removed from units of soil 1/2 pint in volume. Average time to process each unit was 11/2 man-hours.