Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-hfldf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-02T22:01:56.737Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Geography, Drinking Water Chemistry, Pesticides and Herbicides and the Etiology of Parkinson's Disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 January 2016

A.H. Rajput ,
Ryan J. Uitti ,
W. Stern ,
W. Laverty ,
K. O'Donnell ,
D. O'Donnell ,
W.K. Yuen  and
A. Dua
A.H. Rajput*
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, Saskatoon
Ryan J. Uitti
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, Saskatoon
W. Stern
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, Saskatoon
W. Laverty
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, Saskatoon
K. O'Donnell
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, Saskatoon
D. O'Donnell
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, Saskatoon
W.K. Yuen
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, Saskatoon
A. Dua
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, Saskatoon
*
Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0X0
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract:

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

In 1984 we made the first observation of a correlation between early age exposure to rural environment (and drinking well water) and development of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD).13 These findings were subsequently confirmed elsewhere (Barbeau, 1985 ;25 Tanner, 198526). Analysis of all early age onset IPD (EPD) cases born and raised in Saskatchewan revealed that 20 of 22 had exclusively rural exposure during the first 15 years of life. This distribution was significantly different from the general population (p = 0.0141). Further study of the EPD group included sampling and metal analysis of childhood sources of drinking water in 18 cases and 36 age and sex-matched controls. Water collected from the two groups was analyzed for 23 metals (including 7 elements implicated in the etiology of IPD). There was no difference in the metal composition of the water between the two groups.17 Finally, a review of herbicide and pesticide use in Saskatchewan agriculture was undertaken to determine if there was an increased incidence of EPD following utilization of any particular chemical. No increase was found in the incidence of EPD with the introduction of any pesticide or herbicide, including Paraquat, for agricultural use. We conclude that there is a strong correlation between early age rural environmental exposure and development of IPD. We believe well water is a likely vehicle for the causal agent, but neither water metal concentration nor any of the herbicides and pesticides used in Saskatchewan agriculture are related to the cause.

Type
Research Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 14 , Issue S3 , August 1987 , pp. 414 - 418
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation 1987

References

REFERENCES

1.Rajput, AH.Offord, KP, Beard, CM. Kurland, LT. Epidemiology of parkinsonism: incidence, classification, and mortality. Ann Neurol 1984; 16: 278–282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.Rajput, AH. Rozdilsky, B, Hornykiewicz, O, et al. Reversible drug-induced parkinsonism clinicopathologic study of two cases. Arch Neurol 1982; 39: 644–646.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Poskanzer, DC. Schwab, RS. Cohort analysis of Parkinson’s syndrome evidence for a single etiology related to sub clinical infection about 1920. J Chronic Dis 1963; 16: 961–973.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Duvoisin, RC, Eldridge, R, Williams, A.et al. Twin study of Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 1981; 31: 77–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Ward, CD, Duvoisin, RC. Ince, SE, et al. Parkinson’s disease in 65 pairs of twins and in a set of quadruplets. Neurology 1983; 33: 815–824.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Davis, GC, Williams, AC, Markey, SP, et al. Chronic parkinsonism secondary to intravenous injection of meperidine analogues. Psychiat Res 1979; 1: 249–254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Langston, JW, Ballard, P, Tetrud, JW, Irwin, I.Chronic parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis. Science 1983: 219: 979–980.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Rajput, AH, Elveback, LR, Beard, CM, Kurland, LT. Epidemiology of Parkinson’s disease in Rochester, Minnesota. Trans 12th World Congress of Neurology 1981, Kyoto, Japan.Google Scholar
9.Rajput, AH. Epidemiology of Parkinson’s disease. Can J Neurol Sci 1984; 11: 156–159.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Rajput, AH, Offord, KP, Beard, CM, Kurland, LT. A case-control study of smoking habits, dementia, and other illnesses in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease in Rochester, Minn. Neurol 1986; 36 (Supp 1.1): 106.Google Scholar
11.Rajput, AH, Offord, KP, Beard, CM. Kurland, LT. A case-controlled study of smoking habits, dementia, and other illnesses in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Neurology (in press).Google Scholar
12.Rajput, AH. Juvenile Parkinson’s disease response to modern drug treatment. Proceedings of Canadian College of Neuropsycho-pharmacology, 1983, May 25–27.Google Scholar
13.Rajput, AH, Stern, W.Christ, A.Laverty, W.Etiology of Parkinson’s disease: environmental factor(s). Neurology. 1984: 34 (Supp 1.1): 207.Google Scholar
14.Rajput, AH, Uitti, RJ, Stern, W, Laverty, W. Early onset Parkinson’s disease in Saskatchewan — environmental considerations for etiology. Can J Neuro Sci 1986; 13: 312–316.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Uitti, RJ. Rajput, AH, Rozdilsky, B.Yuen, WK.Regional distribution of metals in human brain. Clinical and Investigative Medicine 1985: 8: A158.Google Scholar
16.Uitti, RJ, Rajput, AH, Rozdilsky, B.Yuen, WK. Regional distribution of metals in human brain. Clinical and Investigative Medicine 1986, (in press).Google Scholar
17.Rajput, AH. Uitti, RJ, O’Donnell, D, et al. Metal concentrations in drinking water in Parkinson’s disease and controls. Can J Neuro Sci 1986: 13: 185.Google Scholar
18.Chemical weed control in cereal, oilseed, pulse and forage crops 1986. SaskatchewanAgriculture Bulletin.Google Scholar
19.Wood, HE.Olson, PJ. A new weed killer 2,4-D. Manitoba Department of Agriculture and Immigration, Publication No. 201, January. 1946.Google Scholar
20.Calne, DB, Langston, JW. Aetiology of Parkinson’s disease. Lancet 1983; 2: 1457–1459.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Haack, DG, Baumann, RJ, McKean, HE, et al. Nicotine exposure and Parkinson’s disease. Amer J Epidem 1981: 114: 191–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Golbe, LI, Cody, RA, Duvoisin, RC. Smoking and Parkinson’s disease. Search for a dose-response relationship. Arch Neurol 1986: 43: 774–778.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Forno, LS, Langston, JW, DeLanney, LE, et al. Locus ceruleus lesions and eosinophilic inclusions in MPTP-treated monkeys. Ann Neurol 1986; 20: 449–455.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24.Rajput, AH, Uitti, RJ, Stern, W.Laverty, W. 8Relationship between early onset Parkinson’s disease and country living. Proceedings of VIII International Symposium on Parkinson’s disease, New York, New York, June 9–12, 1985, 49.Google Scholar
25.Barbeau, A, Roy, M.Genetic susceptibility, environmental factors and Parkinson’s disease. Proceedings of the VIII International Symposium on Parkinson’s Disease. New York, New York, June 9–12, 1985, 13.Google Scholar
26.Tanner, CM.Well water drinking and Parkinson’s disease. Proceedings of the VHIth International Symposium on Parkinson’s Disease. New York, New York, June 9–12, 1985, 11.Google Scholar
27.Rosali, G, Granieri, E, Pinna, L, et al. The risk of Parkinson disease in Mediterranean people. Neurology 1980; 30: 250–255.Google Scholar
28.Dreosti, IE, Smith, RM, et al. Neurobiology of the trace elements. Clifton, New Jersey: Humana Press, 1983, Vols 1,2.Google Scholar
29.Rajput, AH, Uitti, RJ. Rozdilsky, B. Yuen, WK. Distribution of metals in Parkinson’s disease and control brains. Neurology 1985; 35 (Supp 1.1): 224.Google Scholar
30.Barbeau, A.Etiology of Parkinson’s Disease: A research strategy. Can J Neurol Sci 1984; 11: 24–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31.Bocchetta, A, Corsini, GUI. Parkinson’s disease and pesticides. Lancet 1986; 2: 1163.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32.Koller, WC. Paraquat and Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 1986; 36: 1147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33.Tanner, CM. Influence of Environmental Factors on the Onset of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Neurology l986; 36 (Supp 1.1): 215.Google Scholar