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Preparation and characterization of kaolinite nanostructures: reaction pathways, morphology and structural order

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Balázs Zsirka ,
Erzsébet Horváth ,
Éva Makó ,
Róbert Kurdi  and
János Kristóf
Balázs Zsirka
Affiliation:
Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Pannonia, H-8201 Veszprém, P.O.Box 158, Hungary
Erzsébet Horváth*
Affiliation:
Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Pannonia, H-8201 Veszprém, P.O.Box 158, Hungary
Éva Makó
Affiliation:
Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Pannonia, H-8201 Veszprém, P.O.Box 158, Hungary
Róbert Kurdi
Affiliation:
Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Pannonia, H-8201 Veszprém, P.O.Box 158, Hungary
János Kristóf
Affiliation:
Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pannonia, H-8201 Veszprém, P.O.Box 158, Hungary
*
*E-mail: erzsebet.horvath@gmail.com
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Abstract

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Clay-based nanostructures were prepared from kaolinites of varying structural order by two different methods. In the first method the kaolinite-urea precursor, obtained by dry grinding, was intercalated further with triethanolamine and the tetraalkylammonium salt was synthesized in the interlamellar space. Exfoliation was achieved by the use of sodium polyacrylate (PAS). In the second method, the kaolinite-potassium acetate (kaolinite-KAc) precursor, obtained via two different methods, was intercalated further with ethylene glycol (EG) and then n-hexylamine (HA). Intercalation with EG was also achieved by heating either directly or with microwaves. The morphology that results depends on the method of precursor preparation, the method of heat treatment and the degree of structural order of the original clay. Higher structural order facilitates the formation of a tubular morphology, while mechanical treatment and microwave agitation may result in broken tubes. Molecular mechanical (MM) calculations showed that organo-complexes may be exfoliated to a d value of 10–11 Å.

Keywords

intercalationkaolinite nanostructuremolecular mechanical calculation
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 50 , Issue 3 , August 2015 , pp. 329 - 340
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2015 This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2015

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