Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-4hhp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-03T07:43:15.258Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Genesis of Clay Minerals in Some Pennsylvanian Shales of Indiana and Illinois

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Haydn H. Murray
Haydn H. Murray*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Shales of marine, brackish-water, and nonmarine origin, collected from cyclothems of Pennsylvanian age, were analyzed chemically and mineralogically. Clay mineral identifications were accomplished using x-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis techniques. Summations of the structure amplitudes of the individual clay minerals formed a basis for semi-quantitative ratios between illite and kaolinite-chlorite. Illite was found to be enriched in the marine shales. The origin of the authigenic clay minerals in the shales is discussed from two aspects. The first and probably the more correct uses the thesis that the ultimate clay mineral is built up from a skeletal aluminum-silicate structure; the second discusses the origin of the clay minerals from a purely colloidal point of view. Trace element determinations, pH values, and pipette analyses are also included as a part of this study.

Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals (National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals) , Volume 2: Publication 327, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, October 15-17, 1953 , February 1953 , pp. 47 - 67
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 1953

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Brindley, G. W. (ed.) (1951) X-ray identification and structure of the clay minerals: Mineralogical Society of Great Britain Monograph, 345 p.Google Scholar
Frederickson, A. F. (1952) The genetic significance of mineralogy: “SymposiumProblems of clay and laterite genesis”, A.I.M.E., p. 1–11.Google Scholar
Grim, R. E. (1934) The petrographic study of clay minerals — A laboratory note: J. Sediment. Petrol, v. 4, p. 45–46.Google Scholar
Grim, R. E. (1951) Method and application of differential thermal analysis: Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., v. 53, p. 1031–1053.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grim, R. E. (1953) Clay mineralogy: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 384 p.Google Scholar
Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S., and Bradley, W. F. (1949) Clay mineral composition of some sediments from the Pacific Ocean off the California coast and the Gulf of California: Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., v. 60, p. 1785–1808.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hauser, E. A. (1952) Genesis of clay minerals: “Symposium — Problems of clay and laterite genesis”, A.I.M.E., p. 101–106.Google Scholar
Krumbein, W. C., and Pettijohn, F. J. (1939) Manual of sedimentary petrography: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., New York, 549 p.Google Scholar
Mason, B. (1952) Principles of geochemistry: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 276 p.Google Scholar
Millot, G. (1952) Prospecting for useful clays in relation with their conditions of genesis: Symposium — Problems of clay and laterite genesis, A.I.M.E., p. 107–114.Google Scholar
Murray, H. H., and Gravenor, C. (1953) Colloidal-sise silica in sediments: Science, v. 118, p. 25–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noll, W. (1931) Uber die geochemisch Rolle der Sorption: Chem. Erde, v. 6, p. 552.Google Scholar
Rankama, K., and Sahama, Th. G. (1950) Geochemistry: Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill., 912 p.Google Scholar
Ries, E. (1927) Clays, their occurrence, properties, and uses: 3rd ed., John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 613 p.Google Scholar
Roy, C. J. (1945) Silica in natural waters: Am. J. Sci., v. 243, p. 393–403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wanless, H. R. (1931) Pennsylvanian cycles in western Illinois: Ill. State Geol. Bull., v. 60, p. 179–193.Google Scholar
Wanless, H. R., and Shepard, F. P. (1936) Sea level and climatic changes related to late Paleozoic cycles: Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., v. 47, p. 1177–1206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiler, J. M. (1930) Cyclical sedimentation of the Pennsylvanian period and its significance: Jour, Geol., v. 38, p. 97–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar