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Characterization of Tubular Chrysotile by Thermoporometry, Nitrogen Sorption, Drifts, and TEM

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Mark K. Titulaer ,
J. Cees van Miltenburg ,
J. Ben H. Jansen  and
John W. Geus
Mark K. Titulaer
Affiliation:
Department of Geochemistry, Institute for Earth Sciences, University of Utrecht, Budapestlaan 4, P.O. Box 80.021, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
J. Cees van Miltenburg
Affiliation:
Chemical Thermodynamics Group, University of Utrecht, Transitorium 3, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
J. Ben H. Jansen
Affiliation:
Department of Geochemistry, Institute for Earth Sciences, University of Utrecht, Budapestlaan 4, P.O. Box 80.021, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
John W. Geus
Affiliation:
Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Utrecht, Sorbonnelaan 16 P.O. Box 80.083, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract

The maximum crystal radius Rn of ice in hollow wet chrysotile tubes is established by thermoporometry to be between 2.8 and 3.2 nm, and the internal pore volume Vn of the tubes to be between 0.008 and 0.02 ml/g. The hollow tubes of chrysotile and, for comparative reasons, small plates of talc, are hydrothermally synthesized at temperatures between 563 and 600 K and at pressures between 75 and 120 hPa. Size and shape of the pores can be varied by changing the Mg/Si molar ratios in steps of 3/1.5 and 3/2 for chrysotile and 3/3.6 and 3/4 for talc. The tubular morphology of the aggregates dried at 393 K is investigated by 1) transmission electron microscopy (TEM), 2) nitrogen adsorption and desorption at 77 K, and 3) diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transformed spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The radius within the hollow tubes, Ri, is between 2.5 and 4.0 nm as measured by TEM, and between 2.8 and 3.2 nm as determined by nitrogen adsorption and desorption. The measured radii agree well with the value calculated from crystallographic data, which is smaller than 5.3 nm. Within the dried aggregates the tubes are clustered in regular patterns, in which each tube is surrounded by six other tubes. The external radius, Ro, between the clustered tubes is from 1.6 to 2.9 nm as observed by TEM, and from 1.8 to 2.3 nm by N2 adsorption and desorption. The external radius is not measured by thermoporometry. Where thermoporometry only measures the average pore size and pore volume within the tubes, TEM and N2 adsorption and desorption additionally provide the corresponding values between the tubes. A third pore radius, 5 to 20 nm between the clusters of chrysotile tubes, is established with N2 adsorption and desorption.

Keywords

Chrysotile asbestosInfrared spectroscopyN2 adsorption and desorptionThermoporometryTransmission electron microscopyX-ray diffraction
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 41 , Issue 4 , August 1993 , pp. 496 - 513
Copyright
Copyright © 1993, The Clay Minerals Society

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Footnotes

*

This paper is a contribution of the Debye Institute, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.

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