Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-m9kch Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-19T06:29:34.961Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Clay Mineral Changes in the Morrow Experimental Plots, University of Illinois

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

B. Velde  and
T. Peck
B. Velde*
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Géologie, UMR 8538 CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75231 Paris, France
T. Peck
Affiliation:
Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61C81, USA
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: papa@geologie.ens.fr
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The clay mineralogy of soil samples from the Morrow Plot Experiment (University of Illinois, Urbana Campus) was investigated. Analysis of soil samples taken at various intervals between 1913 and 1996 indicates that there is a significant influence of cropping method on the clay minerals in the soils. Curve decomposition methods were used to identify and follow the evolution of the different clay minerals: mica, illite and two randomly mixed-layered illite-smectite phases. The most striking difference is seen for continuous corn and corn-oats-hay rotations. Little change in clay mineralogy is seen in the rotation plot while a significant loss of illitic material from different phases was noted for the continuous-corn cultivation plots. Use of NPK fertilizer since 1955 appears to restore the clay mineralogy in continuous-corn cropping compared to that of the 1913 samples. From these data it appears that the I-S minerals play the role of a K buffer, becoming K-poor when the soil cannot furnish enough K from mineral reserves of detrital phases and K-rich when the soil is able to release enough K to enter into the I-S minerals, where it is available during a growing season, for plant growth.

Keywords

Clay MineralsCorn-croppingMorrow PlotsSoilUSA
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 50 , Issue 3 , June 2002 , pp. 364 - 370
Copyright
Copyright © 2002, The Clay Minerals Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aref, S. and Wander, M., (1998) Long-term trends in corn yield and soil organic matter in different crop sequences and soil fertility treatments on the Morrow plots Advances in Agronomy 62 153–197 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60568-4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darmody, R.G. Peck, T.R., Paul, E.A. Paustion, K. Elliott, E.T. and Cole, C.V., (1996) Soil organic carbon changes through time at the University of Illinois Morrow Plots Soil Organic Matter In Temperate Agroecosystems Boca Raton, Florida, USA Long Term Experiments in North America, CRC Press 161 169.Google Scholar
Dixon, J.B. and Weed, S.B., (1989) Minerals in Soil Environments 2nd Madison, Wisconsin Soil Science Society of America 1244 pp.10.2136/sssabookser1.2edCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gharrabi, M. Velde, B. and Sagon, J.-P., (1998) The transformation of illite to muscovite in pelitic rocks: Constraints from X-ray diffraction Clays and Clay Minerals 46 79–88 10.1346/CCMN.1998.0460109.10.1346/CCMN.1998.0460109CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, J.J., (1981) Lithium and potassium saturation of illite/smectite clays from interlaminated shales and sandstones Clays and Clay Minerals 29 136–142 10.1346/CCMN.1981.0290208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lanson, B., (1997) Decomposition of experimental X-ray diffraction patterns (profile fitting): A convenient way to study clay minerals Clays and Clay Minerals 45 132–146 10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450202.10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450202CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lanson, B. Velde, B. and Meunier, A., (1998) Late-stage diagenesis of illitic clays minerals as seen by decomposition of X-ray diffraction patterns: Contrasted behaviors of sedimentary basins with different burial histories Clays and Clay Minerals 46 69–78 10.1346/CCMN.1998.0460108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meunier, A. Lanson, B. and Beaufort, D., (2000) Vermiculitization of smectite interfaces and illite layer growth as a possible dual model for illite-smectite illitization in diagenetic environments: a synthesis Clay Minerals 35 573–586 10.1180/000985500546891.10.1180/000985500546891CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, D.E. and Reynolds, R.C., (1997) X-ray Diffraction and the Identification of Clay Minerals 2nd Oxford, UK Oxford University Press 378 pp.Google Scholar
Reynolds, R.C. Jr. (1985) NEWMOD a computer program for the calculation of one dimensional diffraction patterns of mixed layer clays. R.C. Reynolds, 8 Brook Road, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.Google Scholar
Tributh, H. von Boguslawski, E. von Lieres, A. Steffens, D. and Mengel, K., (1987) Effect of potassium removal by crops on transformation of illitic clay minerals Soil Science 143 404–409 10.1097/00010694-198706000-00003.10.1097/00010694-198706000-00003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Velde, B., (2001) Clay minerals in the agricultural horizon of loams and silt loams in the Central United States Clay Minerals 36 277–294 10.1180/000985501750539391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar