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Clay Minerals in the MacAdams Sandstone, California: Implications for Substitution of H3O+ and H2O and Metastability of Illite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Wei-Teh Jiang ,
Donald R. Peacor  and
Eric J. Essene
Wei-Teh Jiang
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1063
Donald R. Peacor
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1063
Eric J. Essene
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1063
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Abstract

Clay minerals from the MacAdams Sandstone, Kettleman North Dome, California, have been studied by electron microscopy. The clay minerals fill pore space associated with fractured and brecciated clasts of K-feldspar. Curved packets of muscovite and kaolinite are caused by deformation of detrital muscovite that resulted in opening of fissures subsequently filled with dominant kaolinite and minor intergrown mixed-layer illite/smectite (I/S). Regions of authigenic R1 I/S (rectorite) with characteristic ~20 Å periodicity are intergrown with kaolinite in microfissures within K-feldspar or detrital muscovite. Clusters of small grains of muscovite with nearly ideal composition occur as stacks and intergrown with kaolinite and are tentatively inferred to be authigenic. Contrary to previous reports, no illite was found in these samples.

Electron microprobe analyses previously obtained on Kettleman Dome “illite” and subsequently used as a prime example of analyses of illite rich in excess interlayer water (H2O) and hydronium ion (H3O+) are shown to have been obtained on mixtures, and are not representative of the actual clay mineral compositions. Previous conclusions regarding significant H3O+ and H2O contents of illite are invalid because of inaccuracies inherent in bulk and EMPA analyses of illite, and do not affect arguments regarding the metastability of illite. Hydronium substitution should be favored via the reaction H2O + H+ = H3O+ only in highly acidic fluids. Ordinary illite forming in sedimentary environments with carbonates and iron oxides is unlikely to have significant H3O+ substituted for K+.

Keywords

Electron microscopyHydroniumIlliteKaoliniteMuscoviteRectorite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 42 , Issue 1 , February 1994 , pp. 35 - 45
Copyright
Copyright © 1994, Clay Minerals Society

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Footnotes

*

Contribution No. 496 from the Mineralogical Laboratory, Department of Geological Sciences.

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