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Distribution and Fractionation of Rare Earth Elements (REE) in the Ion Adsorption-type REE Deposit (IAD) at Maofeng Mountain, Guangzhou, China

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Yuanyuan Wang ,
Liu Liu ,
Mingqi Sun ,
Jian Huang ,
Yufeng Huang ,
Xiaoliang Liang ,
Wei Tan ,
Hongping He  and
Jianxi Zhu Open the ORCID record for Jianxi Zhu [Opens in a new window]
Yuanyuan Wang
Affiliation:
CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Liu Liu
Affiliation:
Guangdong Nonferrous Metal Geological Exploration Institute, Guangzhou 510000, China
Mingqi Sun
Affiliation:
CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Jian Huang
Affiliation:
CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Yufeng Huang
Affiliation:
CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Xiaoliang Liang
Affiliation:
CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Wei Tan
Affiliation:
CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Hongping He
Affiliation:
CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Jianxi Zhu*
Affiliation:
CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
*
e-mail: zhujx@gig.ac.cn
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Abstract

Ion adsorption-type rare earth deposits (IADs) are developed via prolonged weathering of REE-rich volcanic and metamorphic rocks. Intense magmatic activity which occurred during the Yanshanian (199.6–65.5 Ma) and Caledonian periods (542–359.2 Ma) provided an abundant material basis for the formation of IADs in South China. High concentrations of REE and the high proportion of ion-exchangeable REE were found in the Maofeng Mountain regolith, Guangzhou city. However, the geochemical patterns and mechanisms of REE enrichment in the regolith were still poorly understood. The present study investigated the regolith profile (0–8 m) developed in Maofeng Mountain based on metallogenic and geochemical characteristics, sequential extraction, and physical and chemical parameters of the regolith profile. The bedrock contained abundant REE resources (245–287 mg kg–1) and the chondrite-normalized REE patterns showed the enrichment of light REE (LREE) and negative cerium (Ce) and europium (Eu) anomalies. The distribution patterns of REE in the bedrock were inherited by the regolith. REE enrichment of the regolith occurred mainly in the completely weathered layer (B1, B2, and B3 horizons), particularly in the depth range 2.5–4.5 m (849–2391 mg kg–1). The position of REE enrichment was controlled by the soil pH (5.52–6.02), by the amount of kaolinite and halloysite, and by the permeability of the metamorphic rock. In the REE-enriched horizon (2–8 m), the REE were hosted mainly in ion-exchangeable fractions (75–2158 mg kg–1), representing 79% of the total REE. Given the pH of 4.73–6.02, REE fractionation driven by the adsorption of kaolinite was limited. Fe–Mn (oxyhydr)oxides played an important role in REE enrichment and the reducible fraction holds up to 21% (139 mg kg–1) of the total REE. The enrichment of LREE was observed in the reducible fraction potentially because of the preferential release of LREE from the LREE-bearing minerals (monazite) and then scavenged by Fe–Mn (oxyhydr)oxides. Positive Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce*: 10) were found in the reducible fraction because trivalent Ce was oxidized by Fe–Mn (oxyhydr)oxides to cerianite (CeO2). The present study helps to understand the enrichment and fractionation of REE in the IADs of South China.

Keywords

Ion adsorption-type rare earth depositsRare earth elementsREE enrichmentREE fractionation
Type
Original Paper
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 71 , Issue 3: Special Issue on Rare Earth Elements , June 2023 , pp. 340 - 361
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Clay Minerals Society 2023

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