Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-ttngx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-04T09:16:10.235Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ion Exchange of Zeolite Na-Pc with Pb2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+ Ions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Aggeliki Moirou ,
Aikaterini Vaxevanidou ,
Georgios E. Christidis  and
Ioannis Paspaliaris
Aggeliki Moirou*
Affiliation:
National Technical University of Athens, Laboratory of Metallurgy, 15780, Zografos, Greece
Aikaterini Vaxevanidou
Affiliation:
National Technical University of Athens, Laboratory of Metallurgy, 15780, Zografos, Greece
Georgios E. Christidis
Affiliation:
Technical University of Crete, Department of Mineral Resources Engineering, 73100 Chania, Greece
Ioannis Paspaliaris
Affiliation:
National Technical University of Athens, Laboratory of Metallurgy, 15780, Zografos, Greece
*
E-mail of corresponding author: moirou@metal.ntua.gr
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This paper examines the ion-exchange properties of synthetic zeolite Na-Pc, which was produced from perlite-waste fines and has a SiO2:Al2O3 ratio of 4.45:1 and a cation-exchange capacity (CEC) of 3.95 meq g−1. Although equilibrium is attained rapidly for all three metals, exchange is incomplete, with Ac(max) (maximum equilibrium fraction of the metal in the zeolite) being 0.95 for Pb, 0.76 for Zn, and 0.27 for Ni. In both Na → ½Pb and Na → ½Zn exchange, the normalized selectivity coefficient is virtually constant for NAC (normalized equilibrium fraction of the metal in the zeolite) values of ≤0.6, suggesting a pronounced homogeneity of the available exchange sites. The Gibbs standard free energy, ΔG°, of the Na → ½Pb exchange calculated from the normalized selectivity coefficient is −3.11 kJ eq−1 and, for the Na → ½Zn exchange, it is 2.75 kJ eq−1.

Examination of the solid exchange products with X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a possible decrease in crystallinity of zeolite Pb-Pc as suggested by the significant broadening and disappearance of diffraction lines. This decrease is associated with a reduction of pore opening, as indicated from Fourier-transform infrared analysis (FTIR), which in turn results in a decrease of the amount of zeolitic water. Thermogra-vimetric-differential thermogravimetric (TG-DTG) analysis showed that water loss occurs in three steps, the relative significance of which depends on the type of exchangeable cation and subsequently on the type of complex formed with the cation and/or the zeolite channels. Zeolite Na-Pc might be utilized in environmental applications, such as the treatment of acid-mine drainage and electroplating effluents.

Keywords

Heavy MetalsIon ExchangePerliteSelectivitySelectivity CoefficientZeolite PcZeolitization
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 48 , Issue 5 , October 2000 , pp. 563 - 571
Copyright
Copyright © 2000, The Clay Minerals Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aiello, R. Barrer, R.M. and Kerr, I.S., (1971) Molecular sieve zeolites Advances in Chemistry Series, 101 Washington, D.C. American Chemical Society.Google Scholar
Allison, J.D. Brown, D.S. and Novo-Gradac, K.J., (1991) MINTEQA2/PRODEFA2, A Geochemical Assessment Model for Environmental Systems, Version 3.0 User’s Manual Athens, Georgia U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report EPA/600/3-91/021.Google Scholar
Antonucci, P.L. Crisafulli, M.L. Giordano, N. and Burriesci, N., (1985) Zeolitization of perlite Materials Letters 3 302–307 10.1016/0167-577X(85)90027-8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrer, R.M., (1982) Hydrothermal Chemistry of Zeolites London cademic Press.Google Scholar
Barrer, R.M. and Munday, B.M., (1971) Cation exchange reactions of zeolite Na-P Journal of the Chemical Society 2909–2914.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrer, R.M. and Townsend, R.P., (1976) Transition metal ion exchange Part I Journal of the Chemical Society Faraday Transactions I 72 661–673 10.1039/f19767200661.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrer, R.M. Baynham, J.W. Bultitude, F.W. and Meier, W.M., (1959) Hydrothermal chemistry of the silicates. Part VIII. Low-temperature crystal growth of aluminosilicates, and some gallium and germanium analogues Journal of the Chemical Society 195–208.Google Scholar
Barrer, R.M. Davies, J.A. and Rees, L.V.C., (1968) Comparison of the ion exchange properties of zeolites X and Y Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry 30 2599–2609 10.1016/0022-1902(68)80130-7.Google Scholar
Barrer, R.M. Davies, J.A. and Rees, L.V.C., (1968) Thermodynamics and thermochemistry of cation exchange in zeolite-Y Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry 30 3333–3349 10.1016/0022-1902(68)80130-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barth-Wirsching, U. Höller, H. Klammer, D. and Konrad, B., (1993) Synthetic zeolites formed from expanded perlite: Type, formation conditions and properties Mineralogy and Petrology 48 275–294 10.1007/BF01163104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blanchard, G. Mayunaye, M. and Martin, G., (1984) Removal of heavy metals from waters by means of natural zeolites Water Research 18 1501–1507 10.1016/0043-1354(84)90124-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Breck, D.W., (1974) Zeolite Molecular Sieves New York J. Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Breck, D.W. and Lefond, S.J., (1983) Synthetic zeolites: Properties and applications Industrial Minerals and Rocks 1399–1413.Google Scholar
Brindley, G.W., Brindley, G.W. and Brown, G., (1980) Quantitative X-ray mineral analysis of clays Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and Their X-ray Identification London Mineralogical Society 411–438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burriesci, N. Crisafulli, M.L. Giordano, N. Bart, J.C.J. and Pollizotti, G., (1984) Hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites from low cost natural silica-alumina sources Zeolites 4 384–388 10.1016/0144-2449(84)90016-2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christidis, G. Paspaliaris, I. and Kontopoulos, A., (1999) Zeolitization of perlite fines. Part II: Mobilization of chemical elements Applied Clay Science 15 305–324 10.1016/S0169-1317(99)00007-1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dyer, A. and Townsend, R.P., (1973) The mobility of cations in synthetic zeolites with the faujasite framework-IV Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry 35 2993–2999 10.1016/0022-1902(73)80529-9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischer, K., (1963) The crystal structure determination of the zeolite gismondite. CaAl2Si2O8H2O American Mineralogist 48 664–672.Google Scholar
Fletcher, P. and Townsend, R.P., (1981) Transition metal ion exchange in zeolites. Part IV Journal of the Chemical Society Faraday Transactions II 74 497–509 10.1039/f19817700497.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fletcher, P. and Townsend, R.P., (1982) Transition metal ion exchange in mixed ammonium-sodium X and Y zeolites Journal of Chromatography 59 59–68 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)82711-9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaines, G.L. and Thomas, H.C., (1953) Adsorption studies on clay minerals. II. A formulation of the thermodynamics of the exchange adsorption Journal of Chemical Physics 21 714–718 10.1063/1.1698996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gal, I.J. Jancovic, O. Radovanov, P. and Todorovic, M., (1971) Ion exchange equilibria of synthetic 4A zeolite with Ni2+, Co2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ ions Journal of the Chemical Society Faraday Transactions I 67 999–1008 10.1039/TF9716700999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giordano, N R V Pino, L. and Bart, J.C.J., (1987) Zeolitization of perlite. A prospective route Industrial Minerals 83–95.Google Scholar
Gottardi, G. and Galli, E., (1985) Natural Zeolites Berlin Springer Verlag 10.1007/978-3-642-46518-5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maes, A. and Cremers, A., (1975) Ion exchange of synthetic zeolites X and Y with Co, Cu and Zn ions Journal of the Chemical Society Faraday Transactions I 71 265–277 10.1039/f19757100265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nawaz, R. and Malone, J.F., (1982) Gobbinsite, a new zeolite mineral from Co. Antrim, North Ireland Mineralogical Magazine 46 365–369 10.1180/minmag.1982.046.340.12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, D.H., (1968) X-ray evidence for residual water in calcined divalent cation Faujasite-type zeolites Journal of Physical Chemistry 72 1400–1401 10.1021/j100850a063.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, J.D. and Wilson, M.J., (1987) Infrared methods A Handbook of Determinative Methods in Clay Mineralogy Glasgow Blackie 133–173.Google Scholar
Sherry, H. and Walton, H.F., (1967) The ion exchange properties of zeolites. Part II. Ion exchange in the synthetic zeolite Linde 4A Journal of Physical Chemistry 71 1457–1465 10.1021/j100864a042.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, A.M. and Roy, R., (1961) Zeolite studies IV: Na-P zeolites and the ion exchanged derivatives of tetragonal Na-P American Mineralogist 49 656–682.Google Scholar
Wiers, B.H. Grosse, R.J. and Ciliey, W.A., (1982) Divalent and trivalent ion exchange with zeolite-A Environmental Science & Technology 16 617–624 10.1021/es00103a016.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed