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Molecular Motions, Surface Interactions, and Stacking Disorder in Kaolinite Intercalates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

M. Lipsicas ,
R. Raythatha ,
R. F. Giese Jr.  and
P. M. Costanzo
M. Lipsicas
Affiliation:
Schlumberger-Doll Research, Old Quarry Road, Ridgefleld, Connecticut 06877
R. Raythatha
Affiliation:
Schlumberger-Doll Research, Old Quarry Road, Ridgefleld, Connecticut 06877
R. F. Giese Jr.
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, 4240 Ridge Lea Road, Amherst, New York 14226
P. M. Costanzo
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, 4240 Ridge Lea Road, Amherst, New York 14226
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Abstract

Intercalates of Georgia well-crystallized kaolinite with formamide, N-methylformamide (NMF), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were prepared at room temperature by dispersing the clay in the organic liquid. Several physical and chemical properties of the intercalated organic molecules and the clay, while intercalated and after de-intercalation, were examined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), and specific heat (Cp) measurements. The chemical bonding between the inner-surface hydroxyls and the organic molecules, as indicated by IR, was strongest for DMSO and weakest for formamide. The distortion of the kaolinite layer, as shown by EPR, also was greatest for DMSO and least for formamide. NMR T1 measurements indicated a relatively strong DMSO-kaolinite surface interaction that slowed down the methyl group reorientation comparable to that in bulk solid DMSO. T1 measurements indicated a weaker interaction for NMF. De-intercalation by mild heating did not return the kaolinite to its original structural state as shown by EPR and Cp. The greatest disorder was found for the DMSO de-intercalate and the least for the formamide de-intercalate. These experiments show that for sufficiently strong bonding between the clay inner surface and the intercalating molecule, the structure of the clay is capable of distortion, which is partly temporary and partly permanent. The permanent changes probably involve the introduction of stacking faults.

Keywords

Dimethyl sulfoxideElectron paramagnetic resonanceFormamideInfrared spectroscopyIntercalateKaoliniteN-methylformamideNuclear magnetic resonanceSpecific heat
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 34 , Issue 6 , December 1986 , pp. 635 - 644
Copyright
Copyright © 1986, The Clay Minerals Society

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