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Potential Uses of Local Clay Materials for the Production of Porcelain Electrical Insulators, Ethiopia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Eshetu Bekele Wondemagegnehu Open the ORCID record for Eshetu Bekele Wondemagegnehu [Opens in a new window] ,
Tamirat Addis ,
Enyew Amare Zereffa ,
Andualem Merga Tullu ,
Belay Brehane ,
Lemma Teshome Tufa  and
Jaebeom Lee
Eshetu Bekele Wondemagegnehu*
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University, PO Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
Tamirat Addis
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University, PO Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
Enyew Amare Zereffa
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University, PO Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
Andualem Merga Tullu
Affiliation:
Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Marcina Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Belay Brehane
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, P O Box, 1888 Adama, Ethiopia
Lemma Teshome Tufa
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University, PO Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia Department of Chemistry Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
Jaebeom Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
*
e-mail: eshetubekele@gmail.com
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Abstract

Clays are extremely variable materials with different mineral compositions, and they are the main ingredients in ceramics applications. Their properties play specific roles in influencing the technological properties and performance of ceramics products. Evaluating the various properties can help to determine the best way to utilize clay materials, such as the locally available Bombawuha (BC) and Denkaka (DC) clays mined from Ethiopia's Bombawuha and Denkaka areas, respectively. The objective of this study was to examine these materials for the purpose of using them to produce quality electrical porcelain insulators. The clay samples were characterized for their chemical composition, mineralogy, thermal properties, plasticity, and particle-size distribution, using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), differential thermal analysis coupled with thermogravimetric analysis (DTA-TGA), the Atterberg plasticity test, and sieve hydrometer analysis. Based on the characteristics, suitable clay materials were selected and mixed with feldspar and quartz to formulate various porcelain body compositions which were fired at three different temperatures (1200, 1250, and 1300°C) and dwell times (1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 h). The mineralogy, water adsorption, apparent porosity, bulk density, dielectric strength, flexural strength, and microstructure of the fired bodies were measured. The results revealed that, compared to DC, BC contains kaolinite as the major mineral with appreciable amounts of silica (46.72 wt.%), alumina (35.32 wt.%), and fluxing oxides but smaller amounts of CaO. BC contains greater clay fractions (20.58 wt.%); and has a middle-range plasticity index (PI = 11.2 wt.%), thus making BC suitable for producing porcelain insulators. A test-body composition of 40 wt.% BC, 40 wt.% feldspar, and 20 wt.% quartz, fired at 1250°C for 2 h, exhibited water adsorption of 0.17 wt.%, apparent porosity of 0.42 wt.%, bulk density of 2.45 g/cm3, a dielectric strength of 8.22 kV/mm, and flexural strength of 43.63 MPa and, thus, satisfied the required properties for quality porcelain insulators.

Keywords

ClayFiring timePlasticityPorcelain insulatorSintering temperature
Type
Original Paper
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 71 , Issue 2 , April 2023 , pp. 207 - 228
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Clay Minerals Society 2023

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Prakash B. Malla

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