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Peripheral levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in youths in ultra-high risk for psychosis: a pilot study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 December 2017

Maiara Zeni-Graiff ,
Adiel C. Rios ,
Pawan K. Maurya ,
Lucas B. Rizzo ,
Sumit Sethi ,
Ana S. Yamagata ,
Rodrigo B. Mansur ,
Pedro M. Pan ,
Elson Asevedo  and
Graccielle R. Cunha
...Show all authors
Maiara Zeni-Graiff
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
Adiel C. Rios
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
Pawan K. Maurya
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil Center for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
Lucas B. Rizzo
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
Sumit Sethi
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
Ana S. Yamagata
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
Rodrigo B. Mansur
Affiliation:
Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Pedro M. Pan
Affiliation:
PRISMA Early Intervention Program, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
Elson Asevedo
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil PRISMA Early Intervention Program, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
Graccielle R. Cunha
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil PRISMA Early Intervention Program, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
André Zugman
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil PRISMA Early Intervention Program, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
Rodrigo A. Bressan
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil PRISMA Early Intervention Program, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
Ary Gadelha
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil PRISMA Early Intervention Program, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
Elisa Brietzke*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada Research Group in Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
*
*Address for correspondence: Elisa Brietzke, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Borges Lagoa, 570- 1o andar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. (Email: elisabrietze@hotmail.com)
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Abstract

Introduction

Oxidative stress has been documented in chronic schizophrenia and in the first episode of psychosis, but there are very little data on oxidative stress prior to the disease onset.

Objective

This work aimed to compare serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in young individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) of developing psychosis with a comparison healthy control group (HC).

Methods

Thirteen UHR subjects and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this study. Clinical assessment included the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS), the Semi-Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I (SCID-I) or the Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. Activities of SOD and GPx were measured in serum by the spectrophotometric method using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.

Results

After adjusting for age and years of education, there was a significant lower activity of SOD and lower GPX activity in the UHR group compared to the healthy control group (rate ratio [RR]=0.330, 95% CI 0.187; 0.584, p<0.001 and RR=0.509, 95% CI 0.323; 0.803, p=0.004, respectively). There were also positive correlations between GAF functioning scores and GPx and SOD activities.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that oxidative imbalances could be present prior to the onset of full-blown psychosis, including in at-risk stages. Future studies should replicate and expand these results.

Keywords

Ultra-high riskprodromaloxidative stressantioxidant enzymesschizophreniapsychosis
Type
Original Research
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 24 , Issue 3 , June 2019 , pp. 333 - 337
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2017 

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Footnotes

Maiara Zeni-Graiff and Adiel C. Rios contributed equally and are qualified as first authors.

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