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Family instability, parenting, and child externalizing problems: Moderation by maternal sympathetic stress reactivity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 July 2022

Zhi Li Open the ORCID record for Zhi Li [Opens in a new window] ,
Melissa L. Sturge-Apple Open the ORCID record for Melissa L. Sturge-Apple [Opens in a new window]  and
Patrick T. Davies Open the ORCID record for Patrick T. Davies [Opens in a new window]
Zhi Li*
Affiliation:
School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
Melissa L. Sturge-Apple
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
Patrick T. Davies
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
*
Corresponding author: Zhi Li, email: zhi.li@pku.edu.cn
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Abstract

This multi-method longitudinal study evaluated how changes in maternal sensitive parenting may operate as an indirect factor linking family instability and the development of child externalizing problems over time. This study also investigated how mothers’ stress reactivity within the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) may moderate the association between family instability and the development of maternal sensitivity. Participants were 235 families with a young child (Mage = 2.97 years at the first measurement occasion) and these families were followed for two annual measurement occasions. Maternal sensitivity was observed during two discipline tasks (i.e., forbidden toy, discipline discussion tasks), and maternal SNS stress reactivity was indicated by their salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) reactivity to an interpersonal stressor. Findings revealed significant direct effects of family instability and family instability-x-sAA reactivity interaction in association with the change in maternal sensitivity over time. For both tasks, mothers with greater sAA reactivity exhibited stronger associations between family instability and the growth of their sensitivity. Tests of indirect effects indicated that change in maternal sensitivity operated as an indirect factor between family instability-x-sAA reactivity interaction and the change in child externalizing problems. The present findings have important implications for understanding parental and child sequelae associated with unstable family contexts.

Keywords

child functioningfamily instabilityparentingstress reactivity
Type
Regular Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 35 , Issue 4 , October 2023 , pp. 1929 - 1941
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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