^{page note 83 *} Plin. Hist. Nat. lib. viii, c. 54.

^{page note 83 †} De Leg. lib. ii.

^{page note 83 ‡} Var. Hist. lib. v.14.; vii.19.

^{page note 83 ║} In Vit. Solon.

^{page note 84 *} Plutarch, in Vit. Lycurg.

^{page note 84 †} Διελόμενοι χατα ἒθνη τὰς ταφας, ὁ μὲν Ἓλλην, ἔχαυσεν. ὁδὲ Πέϱσης, ἒθαψεν, &c. Lucian. de Luctu, Oper. ii. 306. edit. Amstel. 1687.

^{page 85 note *} ÆLian. Var. Hist. lib. v. c. 14.

^{page 85 note †} Alex, ab Alexandro, Gen. Dies, lib. iii. c. 2.

^{page 85 note ‡} Herodot. Hist. Terpsich. c. 8.

^{page 86 note †} Account of the Burial-places of the ancient Tartars, by the Reverend William Tooke, F. R. S. Chaplain to the English Factory at St Petersburgh. Archæologia, vol. vii. p. 223, 224.

^{page 87 note *} Ὃσα μὲν γαϱ ἐς ἀιχμὰς χαὶ ἂϱδεις χὰι σαγάϱεις, χαλχῷ τὰ πάντα χϱέωνται. Clio, c. 215.

^{page 87 note †} Description of the North and East parts of Europe and Asia, p. 364, 365.

^{page 87 note ‡} Ibid. p. 365. 367.

^{page 87 note §} Hist. lib. viii.

^{page 88 note *} Θανατῳ δὲ ἑαυτɤς ἀπσδιδόασι κενῳ, καθάπερ κκὶ ὁι τῶν Ινδῶν γυμνοσοφισαί ματαιῳ πυρί. ἐπεὶ δὲ ὁι ψευδώνυμοι ɤτι τὑ σῶμα διαβαλλɤσι, &c. Clem. Alexandr. Strom. lib. iv. p. 351. edit. Lugd. 1616.

^{page 88 note †} Et hoc enim in opinione quorundam est: propterea nec ignibus funerandum aiunt, parcentes superfluo animæ. Alia est autem ratio pietatis istius, non reliquiis animæ adulatrix, sed crudelitatis etiam corporis nomine aversatrix, quod et ipsum homo non utique mereatur pœnali exitu impendi. Tertullian. de Anim, c. 51.

^{page 89 note *} Ego magis ridebo vulgus, tunc quoque quum ipsos defunctos atrocissime exurit, quos postmodum gulosissime nutrit, iisdem ignibus et promerens et offendens. O pietatem de crudelitate ludentem! Id. de Resurrect, c. i.

^{page 89 note †} Inde videlicet et execrantur rogos, et damnant ignium sepulturas, quasi non omne corpus, etsi flammis subtrahatur, annis tamen et ætatibus in terram resolvatur.—Hoc errore decepti beatam sibi, ut bonis, et perpetem vitam mortuis pollicentur; cæteris, ut injustis, pœnam sempiternam. Min. Fel, Octavius, p 97, 98. edit. Lugd. 1672. Nec, ut creditis, ullum damnum sepulturæ timemus, sed veterem, et meliorem consuetudinem humandi frequentamus. Ibid. p. 327, 328.

^{page 90 note *} Eustath. in Iliad. A. p. 33.

^{page 90 note †} Οἱ δὲ αὖ ἐκείνων πρότεροι ἀυτɤ καὶ ἔθαπτον ἐν τῇ ὀικίᾳ τοὺς ἀποθανοντας, Ἡμεῖς δέ τούτων ɤδὲν ποιοῦμεν. Plat, Minoe, Oper. ii. p. 315. edit. Paris. 1578.

^{page 91 note *} V. Potter's Archæol. ii. p, 218. Lond. edit. 1751.

^{page 93 note *} Amos, vi. 10.

^{page 93 note †} 2 Chron. xxi. 19.; Jer. xxxiv. 5.

^{page 93 note ‡} 2 Chron. xvi. 14.

^{page 93 note §} Vol. iii. p. 173.

^{page 94 note *} Josh. vii. 25.

^{page 94 note †} 2 Chron. xxxiv. 5.

^{page 95 note *} 1 Sam. xxxi. 10,—13.

^{page 96 note *} Tertullian. de Anima, c. 4.

^{page 96 note †} Vide Alex, ab Alexandro Genial. Dies, lib. iii. c. 2. Potter's Archæol. ii. p. 207.

^{page 96 note ‡} Heraclitus Ponticus lucem; Heraclitus physicus, scintillam stellaris essentiæ. In Somn. Scipion. lib. i.

^{page 96 note ║} Hydrotaphia, p. 4.

^{page 96 note §} Commenting on these words in the first book of the Æneid,

Extemplo ÆNEÆ solvuntur frigore membra,

Ingemit, &c.—he says,

Non propter mortem, sequitur enim, O terque quaterque beati, sed propter mortis genus. Grave est enim secundum Homerum, perire naufragio, quia anima ignea est: et extingui videtur in mari, id est, elemento contrario.

^{page 97 note *} V. Scacchii Myrothecium, lib. i. c. 9. p. 46.

^{page 97 note †} V. Bartholin. de Causis Contempt.Mort. p. 272,— 274.

^{page 98 note *} Brown's Hydriotaphia, p. 3.

^{page 98 note †} Πολλαι δὲ χατὰ πολλὰ φθοζαὶ γεγόνασιν ἀνθζώπων, χαί ἔσονται, πνϱὶ μὲν δὲ ὑδατι μέγιςαι Timæus, Oper. iii. p. 22.

^{page 98 note ‡} Τɤ̃το μύθον μὲν σχῆμα ἔχον λέγεται, τὸ δ' ἀληθές ἐςι, τῶι πεϱὶ γῆν χαὶ χατ' οὐζανὸν ἰοντων παϱάλλχξις, χαὶ διὰ μαχϱῶν χϱόνων γινομένη τῶν ἐπι γῆς πυϱὶ πολλῷ φθοϱά. Ibid.

^{page 99 note *} Ita ignis exitus mundi est, humor primordium. Natural. Quæst. lib. iii. c. 13.

^{page 99 note †} Epist. de Consolat. ad Polyb.

^{page 99 note ‡} Ἓνα ἔιναι ϰόσμον, γεννᾶσθαι τε ἀυτον ἐϰ πνϱὸς, χαὶ πάλιν ἐκπυρɤ̃σθαι. V. Gale's Court of the Gentiles, b. iii. c. 7.

^{page 101 note *} Αγνισμὸς δὲ τις ἦν ἡ διὰ πνϱος δαπάνη τοῦ νεϰϱῶθεντος. ὁτι ϰαὶ τὸ πῦϱ ἁγνιςιϰον διο ϰαί ὁι ϰαθαϱμὸι διὰ πνϱος ἐγινοντο. ϰαί Ενϱιπίδης δὲ τοιουτον τι ἐϰφανοι, ὁτι ου φησιν ὁτι τὸ της Κλυταιμνηςϱας δεμας, πνϱι ϰαθηγνιςαι. Eustath, in Iliad, A. ver. 52.

^{page 101 note †} Archæolog. ii. p. 188.

^{page 102 note †} Aul. Gell. Noct. Attic. lib. x. c. 15.

^{page 103 note *} Melpom c, 73. 75.

^{page 105 note *} Num. xxxi. 22, 23.

^{page 105 note *} Num. xix. 1,—19.

^{page 106 note *} Maimon, de Idololat. c. 6. s. 8.

^{page 106 note †} Περικαθαίρων τὸν ὑιὸν ἀυτɤ καὶ τὴν θυγατέρα ἀυταɤ ἐν πυρὶ.

^{page 106 note ‡} “Two fires were kindled by (near) one another, on May-eve, in every village of the nation, (as well thro'out all Gaule, as in Britain, Ireland, and the adjoining lesser islands,) between which fires the men and the beasts to be sacrific'd were to pass.” Toland's Hist. of the Druids, Lett. ii. § 4.

^{page 107 note *} “Thus I have seen the people running and leaping through the St John's fires in Ireland; and not only proud of passing unsing'd, but, as if it were some kind of lustration, thinking themselves in a special manner blest by this ceremony, of whose original, nevertheless, they were wholly ignorant, in their imperfect imitation of it.” Toland, ibid. § 7. V. also Borlase's Antiquities of Cornwall, p. 130.

^{page 107 note †} Jer. xxxii. 35.

^{page 107 note ‡} Jer. xix. 5.

^{page 107 note ║} Sturleson, Vit. Haquin. Adalstan. V. Keysler. Antiq. Septentr. p. 355, 356.

^{page 108 note *} Tour in Scotland, 1772, p. 46.

^{page 110 note *} Ihre Glossar, voc. Ordela.

^{page 111 note *} Ap. Du Cange, voc. Ferrum Candens.

As the Greek word πυς has been deduced from the Hebrew ℸוֹℵ, ur, properly denoting light, but, as some explain it, including the idea of fire, we might perhaps, with as much reason, suppose that πῦς was the origin of Latin pur-us. On account of the natural subserviency of fire to purification, as well as the ritual use of it with this view, it is possible that the verb purgo may have been formed quasi πῦς ἄγω, as originally signifying to lead, or make to pass through the fire. Perhaps the language of the ancient Latin poet Nævius, in the use of the phrase puriter facere, maybe considered as favourable to this etymon of purus; Sequere me, puriter volo facias, igne atque aqua volo hune accipere. Ap. Non. Marcell. Gothofred. 775.

^{page 111 note †} De Anima, p. 501. edit. Paris. 1616.

^{page 111 note ‡} Plat. Republic. lib. x. vol. ii. p. 614.

^{page 112 note *} Macrob. Somn. Scipion. lib. i. p. 87. edit. Lugd. 1560.

^{page 112 note †} He expresses his sentiments in the following terms: Ἐμβριθὲς δὲ γε, ῶ φίλε, τɤτο ὂι εσθαι χρὴ ἒιναι καὶ βαρὺ, καὶ γεῶδες, καὶ ὁρατόν· ὃ δὲ καὶ ἒχουας ἡ τοιαύτη ψυχὴ, βαρύνεται τε καὶ ἒλκεται πὰλιν ἐις τὸν ὁρατον τὸπον, φαβῷ τɤ̀ ἄειδοῦς τε καὶ ἃδου. Phæd. Plat. Oper. I, p. 81.

^{page 112 note ‡} Plat. Timæus, Op. iii. p. 69.

^{page 112 note ║} Tertullian, ubi sup.

^{page 113 note *} Jamblich, de Myster. Cap. de Ratione Sacrific.

^{page 113 note †} Serv. in Æn. lib. iii.

^{page 114 note *} Ὁτι ἠθος ἢν Ἑγγησι ϰαίειν τɤς νεϰϱους. ὁ δὴ ϰαὶ έτς ἐτι παϱαμένει τισι τῶν βοϱειων βαρβαρωπ ἐποιουν δὲ τοῦτο ἐϰεινοι, πϱὸς ἐνδειξιν τοῦ τὸ μὲν δειον του ἀνθϱωπου ἀνωφοϱηθεν ὡσπεϱ ἐν ὀϰηματ τῷ πυϱι, πϱοσμιξαι τοῖς ὀυϱάναις. τὸ δὲ γηἴνον, ϰάτω μεῖναι. Eustath. in Iliad. A. ver. 52.

^{page 114 note †} Grot. in Matt. viii. 28.

^{page 114 note ‡} Apol. ii. p. 65. ed. Lut. Par. 1615.

^{page 114 note ║} Nishmat Chayim, Par. ii. c. 22. p. 81. T. Bab. Beracot, fol. 18, 2.

^{page 115 note *} Bereshit Rabba, § 100. f. 88.

^{page 116 note *} Ἡϱαϰλῆς δὲ λὲγιται παιδίον γενίσθαι, ϰαὶ ϰατὰ μιϰϱὸν ἀυτῷ τὸ σῶμα τὁ θεῖον ἐτιδɤ̃νὰι. Julian. Imp. Orat. vii. p. 408. ap. Spanhem. Observ. in Callimach. p. 240.

^{page 117 note *} Julian. Imp. Orat. vii. p. 408.; ap. Spanhem. ut sup. p. 241.

^{page 117 note †} V. Guther. de Jure Manium, lib. i. c 3.

^{page 117 note ‡} V. Herodian. Hist. lib. iv.

^{page 118 note *} V. Havercamp. Nummophylac. Reg. Christin, p. 100, 101.

^{page 118 note †} Θανατῳ δὲ ἐαυτɤς ἀποδιδόασι ϰενῷ, ϰαθάπεϱ ϰαὶ ὁι τῶν Ινδῶν γυμνοσοφιςαὶ ματαίω πυϱί. Clem. Alexandr. Stromat. Lib. iv. p. 351.

^{page 118 note ‡} Nic. Damascen. V. Hydriotaph. p. 3.

^{page 118 note ║} De Abstinentia, lib. iv. sect. 18.

^{page 119 note *} Lucian. de Morte Peregrin. Oper. ii. p. 576.

^{page 119 note *} Ἡμῖν ὁ Κέλσος, πῶς ɤ̉χ ὃσιον παραλύειν νόμɤς πατρίɤς—περὶ τɤ̃ μακάριον ἒιναι ἀνχόνῃ τὸν βίον ἐξελθεῖν. ἢ πάντως καυαίρεαθαι τɤ̀ς ἑαυτɤ́ς παραδιδόντας τῷ πυρὶ, καὶ τῇ διὰ πυρὸς ἀπαλλαγῇ τῆ ἀπο τɤ̃ βίɤ. Origen, cont. Cels. Lib. v. p. 249. “Καθαίϱεισθαι,” says the learned Stuckius, “idem quod λυμαίνειν; expiare, resecrare, purgare, expurgare, purificare.” Sacr. Sacrific. Descript. p. 123.

^{page 120 note *} Quintilian. Declam, x.

^{page 120 note †} Loquitur quidem poëtice de purgatione animarum: tangit tamen quod philosophi dicunt. Nam triplex est hominis purgatio. Aut in terra purgantur: quæ nimis oppressæ sordide fuerunt, deditæ scilicet corporalibus blandimentis, enim transeunt in corpora terrena; et hæc igni dicuntur purgari. Ignis enim ex terra est, quo exuruntur omnia, nam cœlestis nihil perurit. Serv, in Æneid. vi. ver. 742.

^{page 120 note ‡} Tertullian. de Corona Militis, p. 292.

^{page 121 note *} Suid. in voc.

^{page 121 note †} V. Gale's Court of the Gentiles, Part III. B. ii. c. 2. § 11.

^{page 123 note *} Βϱαχμάνων ἰδεῖν φῦλον ἀνδϱῶν, φιλοσόφων ϰαὶ θεοῖς φίλων ἦλίῳ δέ μάλιςα ϰαθωσιωμένων. Steph. Byzant. voc. Βϱαχμᾶνες.

^{page 123 note †} Καὶ ὁ μὲν ἥλιος αυτον προσέβαλλεν : ὅ δὲ ἀυτὸν προσεύνει : καὶ τɤ̃το ἦν τὸ σύνθημα ἐις τὸ ἐξάπτειν τὴν πυρὰν τοῖς Μακεδόσι. ÆLian. Var. Hist. Lib. v. c. 6.

^{page 123 note ‡} Εἲτα ᾒτει λιβανωτὸν ὡς ἐπιβάλοι ἐπὶ τὸ πῦρ. καὶ ἀναδόντος τινὸς, ἐπίβαλε τε, καὶ ἒιπην ἐς τὴν μεσημβρίαν ἀποβλὲπων, καὶ γὰρ δὲ τɤ̃το πρὸς τὴν τραγῳδιαν ἦν ἡ μεσημβρία, δαιμονες μητρῶοι, καὶ πατρῳοι, δέξασθέ με ἐυμενεῖς.—Καὶ γάρ δὲ τόδε τῄ προτεραία διεαεδοτο, ὡς πρὸς ἀνίσχοντα τὸν ἣλιον ἀσπασαμενος, ὥσπερ ἀμὲλει δε τɤ̃ς Βραχμὰνας φασι ποιεῖν, ἐπιβήσεσθαι τὴς πυρᾶς. Lucian. De Morte Peregrin Oper. ii. p. 584,–586.

^{page 124 note *} V. Stuckii Sacr. p, 151.; Pier. Hieroglyph, fol. 135, b.; Bochart. de Æn. p. 13.

^{page 124 note †} Iliad, ψ ver. 175.

^{page 126 note *} Ἱερεῖα τε προσφάττοντες πρὸ τɤ̀ς ἐκφορὰς τɤ̃ νεκροῦ, καὶ εγχυτρισίας μεταπεμπομενοι. Plat. Oper. ii. 315. Kirchman supplies some observations on this singular rite. De Funer. p. 370.

^{page 127 note *} Kirchman. De Funeribus Romanorum, p. 226.

^{page 127 note †} In Æn. lib. vi.