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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 February 2015
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2. For the first category, see Hardt, Michael and Negri, Antonio, Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire (New York, 2004)Google Scholar; Hochschild, Arlie Russell, The Commercialization of Intimate Life (Berkeley, Calif., 2003)Google Scholar; Hochschild, Arlie Russell, The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling (Berkeley, Calif., 1983)Google Scholar. For the second, see, for example, Tye, Larry, Rising from the Rails: Pullman Porters and the Making of the Black Middle Class (New York, 2004)Google Scholar; Arnesen, Eric, Brotherhoods of Color: Black Railroad Workers and the Struggle for Equality (Cambridge, Mass., 2001)Google Scholar; Cobble, Dorothy Sue, Dishing it Out: Waitresses and Their Unions in the Twentieth Century (Urbana, Ill., 1991)Google Scholar; Norwood, Stephen H., Labor’s Flaming Youth: Telephone Operators and Worker Militancy, 1878–1923 (Urbana, Ill., 1990)Google Scholar; Benson, Susan Porter, Counter Cultures: Saleswomen, Managers, and Customers in American Department Stores, 1890–1940 (Urbana, Ill., 1986)Google Scholar; Melosh, Barbara, “The Physician’s Hand”: Work Culture and Conflict in American Nursing (Philadelphia, 1982)Google Scholar; Braverman, Harry, Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century (New York, 1974), 359–74.Google Scholar
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6. The graph compares the number of domestic servants with selected occupations in service industries. It does not include managerial jobs in service industries, many occupations like chambermaid and bellhop that are hard to track through the census, or workers in complementary and competing businesses like boarding houses, brothels, and commercial laundries. If it had included all these people, the shift from servitude to service would appear more dramatic, as it certainly was.
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8. See, for example, Lebhar, Godfrey M., Chain Stores in America, 1859–1962 (New York, 1963)Google Scholar.
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10. For a more explicit treatment of this point, see the forthcoming book by Sandoval-Strausz, A. K., Hotel: An American History (New Haven, Conn.).Google Scholar
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