Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x5gtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-02T07:25:59.331Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Reducing Negative Effects of Introduced Animals on Native Biotas in Hawaii: What is Being Done, What Needs Doing, and the Role of National Parks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 August 2009

Charles P. Stone  and
Lloyd L. Loope
Charles P. Stone
Affiliation:
Research Scientist, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii 96718, USA
Lloyd L. Loope
Affiliation:
Research Scientist, Haleakala National Park, Box 369, Makawao, Hawaii 96768, USA.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The endemic Hawaiian biota, having evolved in nearly complete isolation from continental organisms, and lacking as it does many major continental groups, is highly vulnerable to introduced ungulate herbivores, vertebrate predators, predacious and parasitoid insects, predacious snails, and yet other animal and plant groups. Although most of the Hawaiian lowland biota has been obliterated by Man and his introductions, relatively intact ecosystems survive at higher elevations in Hawaii's national parks and elsewhere. Long-term survival of these native ecosystems will depend largely upon the quality, intensity, and endurance, of continuing active management.

Type
Main Papers
Information
Environmental Conservation , Volume 14 , Issue 3 , Autumn 1987 , pp. 245 - 258
Copyright
Copyright © Foundation for Environmental Conservation 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akre, R.D. (1983). Yellowjackets: a major pest problem at times. Pest Control, 07, pp. 42–6 & 64, illustr.Google Scholar
Akre, R.D., Greene, A., MacDonald, J.F., Landolt, P.J. & Davis, H.G. (1980). The yellowjackets of America north of Mexico. US Dept Agric. Handbook, 552, 102 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Atkinson, I.A.E. (1977). A reassessment of factors, particularly Rattus rattus L., that influenced the decline of endemic forest birds in the Hawaiian islands. Pac. Sci., 31(2), pp. 109–33.Google Scholar
Baker, J.K. (1979). Studies on the ecological impact of introduced roof rats upon native flora in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Proc. Natl Park Serv. Conf. Sci. Res., 2, pp. 461–6.Google Scholar
Baker, J.K. & Reeser, D.W. (1972). Goat management problems in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park: a history, analysis, and management plan. Natl Park Serv., Nat. Resources Rept, 2, 22 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Baldwin, P.H. (1953). Annual cycle, environment and evolution in the Hawaiian honeycreepers (Aves: Drepaniidae). Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 52(4), pp. 285–398.Google Scholar
Baldwin, P.H., Schwartz, C.W. & Schwartz, E.R. (1952). Life history and economic status of the mongoose in Hawaii. J. Mammal, 33(3), pp. 335–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banko, P.C. (1982). Life history, ecology, and management of Nene (Branta sandvicensis) in Hawaii Volcanoes and Halea-kala National Parks. Final Rept Natl Park Serv. Contract CX-8000-8-0005. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA: v + 153 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Barrett, R.H. & Stone, C.P. (1983). Hunting as a Control Method for Wild Pigs in Hawaii National Park. Rept for Resour. Manage. Hawaii Volcanoes Natl Park, Hawaii, USA: 37 pp. + Appendices (not consecutively numbered).Google Scholar
Batisse, M. (1982). The Biosphere Reserve: a tool for environmental conservation and management. Environmental Conservation, 9(2), pp. 101–11, 8 figs.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beardsley, J.W. (1962). On accidental immigration and establishment of terrestrial arthropods in Hawaii during recent years. Proc. Hawaiian Entomol. Soc., 18, pp. 99–110.Google Scholar
Berger, A.J. (1981). Hawaiian Birdlife. University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: xiii + 270 pp., illustr.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Best, L.W. (1969). Food of the Roof Rat Rattus rattus rattus (L.) in two forest areas in New Zealand. New Zealand J. Sci., 12, pp. 258–67.Google Scholar
Beverley, S.M. & Wilson, A.C. (1985). Ancient origin for Hawaii Drosophilinae inferred from protein comparisons. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 82, pp. 4753–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carlquist, S. (1974). Island Biology. Columbia University Press, New York, NY, USA: ix + 660 pp., illustr.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carr, G.D. (1985). Monograph of the Hawaiian Madiinae (Aster-aceae): Argyroxiphium, Dubautia, and Wilkesia. Allertonia (Pacific Tropical Bot. Gard., Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii), 4(1), pp. 1–123.Google Scholar
Carr, G.D., Powell, E.A., Kyhos, D.W., (1986). Self-incompatibility in the Hawaiian Madiinae (Compositae): an exception to Baker's rule. Evolution, 40, pp. 430–4.Google ScholarPubMed
Carroll, C.R. & Janzen, D.H. (1973). Ecology of foraging ants. Ann. Rev. Entomol., 18, pp. 231–57.Google Scholar
Carson, H.L. (1983). Hawaii: a cloudy future. Nat. Hist., 91(12), p. 7.Google Scholar
Carson, H.L. & Kaneshiro, K.Y. (1976). Drosophila of Hawaii: systematics and ecological genetics. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 7, pp. 311–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caughley, G. (1977). Analysis of Vertebrate Populations. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA: ix + 234 pp.Google Scholar
Clark, D.A. (1981). Foraging patterns of black rats across a desert-montane forest gradient in the Galápagos Islands. Biotropica, 13(3), pp. 182–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooke, C.M. Jun. & Kondo, Y. (1960). Revision of Tornatellinidae and Achatinellidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). B.P. Bishop Mus. Bull, 331, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: 303 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Dingwall, P.R., Atkinson, I.A.E. & Hay, C. (Eds) (1977). The ecology and control of rodents in New Zealand nature reserves. New Zealand Dept Lands Surv. Info. Ser., 4, 237 PP.Google Scholar
Diong, C.H. (1983). Population Biology and Management of the Feral Pig (Sus scrofa L.) in Kipahulu Valley, Maui. PhD thesis, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: xxiii + 408 pp., illustr. (mimeogr.).Google Scholar
Ewer, R.F. (1973). The Carnivores. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, USA: xi + 494 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Fellers, J.H. & Fellers, G.M. (1982). Status and distribution of ants in the Crater District of Haleakala National Park. Pac. Sci., 36(4), pp. 427–37.Google Scholar
Fosberg, F.R. (1948). Derivation of the flora of the Hawaiian Islands. Pp. 107–19 in Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 1: Introduction (Ed. Zimmerman, E.C.). University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: xx + 206 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Gagne, W.C. (1979). Canopy-associated arthropods in Acacia koa and Metrosideros tree communities along an altitudinal transect on Hawaii Island. Pac. Insects, 21(1), pp. 56–82, illustr.Google Scholar
Gagne, W.C. (1982). Working towards an assessment of the conservation status of Hawaii's endemic arthropods, with emphasis on the moths or Lepidoptera. Pp. 63–72, in Proc. 4th Hawaii Volcanoes Natl Park Nat. Sci. Conf., 189 pp.Google Scholar
Gagne, W.C. & Christensen, C.C. (1985). Conservation status of native terrestrial invertebrates in Hawaii. Pp. 105–26 in Hawaii's Terrestrial Ecosystems: Preservation and Management (Eds Stone, C.P. & Scott, J.M.). University of Hawaii Press for U. of Hawaii Coop. Natl Park Resour. Stud. Unit, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: xxviii + 584 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Gales, R.P. (1982). Age- and sex-related differences in diet selection by Rattus rattus on Stewart Island, New Zealand. New Zealand J. Zool., 9, pp. 463–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, D.E. & Davis, C.J. (1982). The prospects for biological control of non-native plants in Hawaiian national parks. Univ. Hawaii Coop. Natl Parks Resour. Stud. Unit Tech. Rept, 45, 55 pp.Google Scholar
Gentry, A.H. (1986). Endemissm in tropical versus temperate plant communities. Pp. 153–81 in Conservation Biology: The Science of Scarcity and Diversity (Ed. Soule, M.E.). Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA: xiii + 584 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Gerrish, G. & Mueller-Dombois, D. (1980). Native and non-native plants in two tropical rain forests on Oahu, Hawaii. Phytocoenologia, 8(2), pp. 237–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giffin, J. (1978). Ecology of the Feral Pig on the Island of Hawaii. Final Report, Pittman-Robertson Proj. W-153, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Honolulu: Stud. 11, 122 pp.Google Scholar
Gressitt, J.L. (1978). Evolution of the endemic Hawaiian ceram-bycid beetles. Pac. Insects, 18, pp. 137–67.Google Scholar
Hadfield, M.G. & Mountain, B.S. (1981). A field study of a vanishing species, Achatinella mustelina (Gastropoda: Pulmonata), in the Waianae Mountains of Oahu. Pac. Sci., 34(4), pp. 345–58.Google Scholar
Hardy, D.E. (1981). Anoplolepis longipes (Jerdon): Notes and exhibitions. Proc. Hawaiian Entomol. Soc., 23, p. 313.Google Scholar
Hardy, D.E. (1983). Insects. Pp. 74–6 in Atlas of Hawaii (Ed. Armstrong, R.W.). University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: 222 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Hinton, H.E. & Dunn, A.M.S. (1967). Mongooses—Their Natural History and Behaviour. University of California Press, Berkeley & Los Angeles: vii + 144 pp., illustr.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hone, J. & Pedersen, H. (1980). Changes in a feral pig population after poisoning. Vert. Pest Conf., 9, pp. 176–82.Google Scholar
Hone, J. & Robards, G.E. (1980). Feral pigs: ecology and control. Wool Technology and Sheep Breeding, 12, pp. 7–11.Google Scholar
Howarth, F.G. (1985). Impacts of alien land arthropods and mollusks on native plants and animals in Hawaii. Pp. 149–73 in Hawaii's Terrestrial Ecosystems: Preservation and Management (Eds Stone, C.P. & Scott, J.M.). University of Hawaii Press for U. of Hawaii Coop. Natl Parks Resour. Stud. Unit, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: xxviii + 584 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Huddleston, E.W. & Fluker, S. (1968). Distribution of ant species of Hawaii. Proc. Hawaiian Entomol. Soc., 20(1), pp. 45–9.Google Scholar
Imber, M.J. (1978). The effects of rats on breeding success of petrels. Pp. 67–72 in The Ecology and Control of Rodents in New Zealand Nature Reserves (Eds Dingwall, P.R., Atkinson, I.A.E. & Hay, C.). New Zealand Dept Lands Surv. Info. Sen, 4, 237 pp.Google Scholar
Jacobi, J.D. (1986). Maui trip report: 15–18 Dec. 1985 (with J.T. Sankey). US Fish Wildl. Serv., Mauna Loa Field Station, Hawaii, USA: 12 pp., unpubl. MS.Google Scholar
Kami, H.T. (1966). Foods of rodents in the Hamakua District, Hawaii. Pac. Sci., 20(3), pp. 367–73.Google Scholar
King, C.M. & Edgar, R.L. (1977). Techniques for trapping and tracking Stoats (Mustela erminea); a review and a new system. New Zealand J. Zool., 4, pp. 193–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirch, P.V. (1982). The impact of prehistoric Polynesians on the Hawaiian ecosystems. Pac. Sci., 36(1), pp. 1–14.Google Scholar
Kirch, P.V. (1985). Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: x + 349 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Kjargaard, J.I. (1982). Population, distribution, and adverse effects of feral goats, at Haleakala National Park. Proc. 4th Hawaii Volcanoes Natl Park Nat. Sci. Conf., p. 110 (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Kramer, R.J. (1971). Hawaiian Land Mammals. G.E. Tuttle Co., Rutland, Vermont, USA: 347 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
LaRivers, I. (1948). Some Hawaiian ecological notes. Wasmann Coll., 7(3), pp. 85–110.Google Scholar
Loope, L.L. & Scowcroft, J. (1985). Vegetation response within exclosures in Hawaii: a review. Pp. 377–402 in Hawaii's Terrestial Ecosystems: Preservation and Management (Eds Stone, C.P. & Scott, J.M.). University of Hawaii Press for U. of Hawaii Coop. Natl Parks Resour. Stud. Unit, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: xxviii + 584 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Loope, L.L. & Stone, C.P. (1983). Introduced vs Native Species in Hawaii: A Search for Solutions to Problems of Biosphere Reserves. Paper presented at the First International Biosphere Reserve Congress, 09 26–Oct. 2, 1982, Minsk, Byelorussia, USSR, pp. 252–8.Google Scholar
Medeiros, A.C. & Loope, L.L. (1985). A Preliminary List of the Invertebrates of Haleakala National Park, Hawaii. 113 pp., unpubl. MS.Google Scholar
Merton, D.V. (1977). Controlling introduced predators and competitors on islands. Pp. 121–8 in Endangered Birds: Management Techniques for Preserving Threatened Species (Ed. Temple, S.A.). University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin, USA: xxiii + 466 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Mountainspring, S. & Scott, J.M. (1985). Interspecific competition among Hawaiian forest birds. Ecol. Monogr., 55(2), pp. 219–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mueller-Dombois, D. & Spatz, G. (1975). The influence of feral goats on the lowland vegetation in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Phytocoenologia, 3(1), pp. 1–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mueller-Dombois, D., Bridges, K.W. & Carson, H.L. (Eds) (1981). Island Ecosystems—Biological Organization in Selected Hawaiian Communities. Hutchinson-Ross Publ. Co., Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania & Woods Hole, Massachusetts: xx + 583 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Nagata, K.M. (1985). Early plant introductions in Hawaii. The Hawaiian J. History, 19, pp. 35–61.Google Scholar
Nakahara, L.M. (1980). Survey Report on the Yellowjackets, Vespula pensylvanica (Saussure) and Vespula vulgaris (L.), in Hawaii. Hawaii State Dept Agric., Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: 10 pp., unpubl. MS.Google Scholar
Norman, F.I. (1970). Food preferences of an insular population of Rattus rattus. J. Zool., 162, pp. 493–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohashi, T.J. & Stone, C.P. (1985). Feral Goat Trend Count and Census Procedures in Haleakala National Park. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park files, Box 52, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii 96712, USA: 17 pp., unpubl. MS.Google Scholar
Olson, S.L. & James, H.F. (1982). Prodromus of the fossil avifauna of the Hawaiian Islands. Smithsonian Contrib. Zool., 365, vi + 59 pp., illustr.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pank, L.F., Fellows, D.P., Hirata, D.N. & Sugihara, R.T. (1978). The efficacy and hazards of zinc phosphide rat control adjacent to Macadamia orchards. Ann. Proc. Hawaii Macadamia Prod. Assoc., 18, pp. 27–41.Google Scholar
Ramsay, G.W. (1978). A review of the effects of rodents on the New Zealand invertebrate fauna. Pp. 89–97 in The Ecology and Control of Rodents in New Zealand Nature Reserves (Eds Dingwall, P.R., Atkinson, I.A.E. & Hay, C.). New Zealand Dept Lands Surv. Info. Ser., 4, 237 pp.Google Scholar
Riper, C. van III. Riper, S.G. van, Goff, M.L. & Laird, M. (1982). The impact of malaria on birds in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. University of Hawaii Coop. Natl Park Resources Stud. Unit. Tech.Rept, 47, 74 pp.Google Scholar
Russell, C.A. (1980). Food habits of the roof rat Rattus rattus in two areas of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Proc. 3rd Hawaii Volcanoes Natl Park Nat. Sci. Conf., pp. 269–72.Google Scholar
St John, H. (1973). List and Summary of the Flowering Plants in the Hawaiian Islands. Pacific Tropical Bot. Gard. Mem. 1, Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii, USA: 519 pp.Google Scholar
Severns, M. (1980). Land molluscs of Kipahulu Valley below 2000 feet. Pp. 103–8 in Resources Base Inventory of Kipahulu Valley Below 2000 Feet (Ed. Smith, C.W.). University of Hawaii Coop. Natl Park Resour. Stud. Unit, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: 175 pp.Google Scholar
Severns, M. (1984). Another threat to Hawaii's endemics. Hawaiian Shell News, 32(12), pp. 1 & 9.Google Scholar
Simons, T.R. (1983). Biology and Conservation of the Endangered Hawaiian Dark-rumped Petrel (Pterodroma phaeopygia sandwichensis). Univ. Wash. Coop. Natl Park Resour. Stud. Unit, Seattle, Washington, USA: xiv + 311 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Singer, F.J. (1981). Wild pig populations in the national parks. Environ. Manage., 5(3), pp. 263–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smathers, G.A. & Gardner, D.E. (1980). Stand analysis of an invading Firetree (Myrica faya Aiton) population, Hawaii. Pac. Sci., 33(3), pp. 239–55, illustr.Google Scholar
Smith, C.W. (1985). Impact of alien plants on Hawaii's native biota. Pp. 180–250 in Hawaii's Terrestrial Ecosystems: Preservation and Management (Eds Stone, C.P. & Scott, J.M.). University of Hawaii Press for U. of Hawaii Coop. Natl Park Resour. Stud. Unit, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: xxviii + 584 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Spatz, G. & Mueller-Dombois, D. (1973). The influence of feral goats on koa tree reproduction in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Ecology, 54(4), pp. 870–6, illustr.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone, C.P. (1986). Feral pig (Sus scrofa) research and management in Hawaii. Pres. Theriol. Congr., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, August 1985, 4, 17 pp.Google Scholar
Stone, C.P. & Scott, J.M. (1985). Hawaii's native ecosystems: importance, conflicts, and suggestions for the future. Pp. 495–534 in Hawaii's Terrestrial Ecosystems: Preservation and Management (Eds Stone, C.P. & Scott, J.M.). University of Hawaii Press for U. of Hawaii Coop. Natl Park Resour. Stud. Unit, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: xxviii + 584 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Taylor, R.H. (1968). Introduced mammals and islands: priorities for conservation and research. Proc. New Zealand Ecol. Soc., 15, pp. 61–7.Google Scholar
Tipton, A.R. (1977). The use of population models in research and management of wild hogs. Pp. 91–101 in Research and Management of Wild Hog Populations (Ed. Wood, B.W.). B.W. Baruch For. Sci. Inst., Clemson University, Georgetown, South Carolina, USA: 113 pp.Google Scholar
Tomich, P.Q. (1969). Mammals in Hawaii: A Synopsis and Notational Bibliography. B.P. Bishop Mus. Spec. Pub. 57, 238 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Tunison, T.J., Stone, C.P. & Cuddihy, L.W. (1986). Special Ecological Areas in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park—a new emphasis for ecosystem management, research, and interpretation. Park Sci., 6(3), pp. 10–3, illustr.Google Scholar
Wester, L.L. & Wood, H.B. (1977). Koster's Curse (Clidemia hirta), a weed pest in Hawaiian forests. Environmental Conservation, 4(1), pp. 35–41, 6 figs.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodworth, J.R. & Woodside, D.H. (1953). Mongoose Poison Experiment. (Terr. Hawaii Div. Fish and Game.) Pittman-Robertson Proj. 5-R-4, 19 pp. (mimeogr.).Google Scholar
Yocum, C.F. (1967). Ecology of feral goats in Haleakala National Park, Maui, Hawaii. Amer. Midland Naturalist, 77(2), pp. 418–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zimmerman, E.C. (1941). Argentine ant in Hawaii. Proc. Hawaiian Entomol. Soc., 11, p. 108.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, E.C. (1978). Insects of Hawaii: Microlepidoptera (Vol. 9). The University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: xviii + 1903 pp., illustr.Google Scholar