Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x5gtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-01T10:59:11.662Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

An assessment of methods for routine local monitoring of vaccine efficacy, with particular reference to measles and pertussis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2009

J. A. Clarkson
Affiliation:
Ross Insitute, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT
P. E. M. Fine
Affiliation:
Ross Insitute, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The efficacy of measles and pertussis vaccines was investigated using several different procedures based upon data routinely available at Local Health Authority level in England and Wales. It is demonstrated that such estimates can be derived by methods which can be carried out simply and routinely by local health department staff. Several theoretical and practical difficulties in the procedures are discussed. It is recommended that Health Authorities consider monitoring by a routine procedure based on crude case-control analysis of recorded vaccination status of notified cases compared with that of the population in the Child Health computer file, or of matched controls drawn from Child Health Registers. A simple protocol for such studies is provided.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

References

REFERENCES

Baker, M. R., Bandaranayake, R. & Schweiger, M. S. (1984). Differences in rate of uptake of immunisation among ethnic groups. British Medical Journal 288, 10761078.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Breslow, N. E. & Day, N. E. (1980). Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, vol. I. The Analysis of Case-control Studies. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer.Google Scholar
Clarkson, J. A. & Fine, P. E. M. (1985). The efficiency of measles and pertussis notification in England and Wales. International Journal of Epidemiology 14, 153168.Google Scholar
Clarkson, J. A. & Fine, P. E. M. (1987). Delays in notification of infectious disease. Health Trends 19, 911.Google ScholarPubMed
Department of Health and Social Security. Community Health Services Statistics – vaccination and immunisation acceptance rates. For birth cohorts 19681980 (excluding 1972–3). Unpublished documents.Google Scholar
DHSS/NHS Steering group on Health Services Information. Community Health Services Information: A report of working group D, 01 1983.Google Scholar
Fine, P. E. M. & Clarkson, J. A. Reflections on the efficacy of pertussis vaccines Reviews of Infectious Diseases. In press.Google Scholar
Fleiss, J. L. (1984). The Mantel-Haenszel estimator in case-control studies with varying numbers of controls matched to each case. American Journal of Epidemiology 120, 13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacGregor, J. D., MacDonald, J., Ingram, E. A., McDonnell, M. & Marshall, B. (1981). Epidemic measles in Shetland during 1977 and 1978. British Medical Journal 282, 434436.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mantel, N. & Haenszel, W. (1959). Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 22, 719748.Google Scholar
Marks, J. S., Halpin, T. & Orenstein, W. A. (1978). Measles vaccine efficacy in children previously vaccinated at 12 months of age. Pediatrics 62, 955960.Google Scholar
Medical Research Council Measles Vaccines Committee (1968). Vaccination against measles: clinical trial of live measles vaccine given alone and live vaccine preceded by killed vaccine. British Medical Journal 2, 449452.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orenstein, W. A., Bernier, D. H., Dondero, T. J., Hinman, A. R., Marks, J. S., Bart, K. J. & Sirotkin, B. (1985). Field evaluation of vaccine efficacy. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation 63, 10551068.Google ScholarPubMed
Schlesselman, J. J. (1982). Case-control Studies: Design, conduct, analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, P. G., Rodrigues, L. C. & Fine, P. E. M. (1984). Assessment of the protective efficacy of vaccines against the common diseases using case-control and cohort studies. International Journal of Epidemiology 13, 8793.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, W. O. & Dajda, R. (1980). Validation of sources of pertussis immunisation data. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 34, 309311.Google Scholar