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Geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of mafic rocks (metadolerites) from the Proterozoic Shillong Basin, Northeast India: implications for growth of the Greater Indian Landmass

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 April 2023

Pallabi Basumatary ,
Ashima Saikia Open the ORCID record for Ashima Saikia [Opens in a new window] ,
Tribujjal Prakash  and
Bibhuti Gogoi Open the ORCID record for Bibhuti Gogoi [Opens in a new window]
Pallabi Basumatary
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India
Ashima Saikia
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
Tribujjal Prakash
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India
Bibhuti Gogoi*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India
*
Corresponding author: Bibhuti Gogoi, Email: bibhuti.gogoi.baruah@gmail.com
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Abstract

The Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Shillong Basin of the Assam-Meghalaya Gneissic Complex is exposed in parts of Northeast India. The studied metadolerites are from the volcano-sedimentary sequence of Shillong Basin from the Borjuri area in the Mikir Massif. This episode of mafic magmatism can be correlated with the Columbia supercontinent formation and bears significance to its reconstruction. The present work discusses the field, petrography and geochemical characteristics of the metadolerites, which occur in close association with the quartzites of the Shillong Group of rocks (metasedimentary rocks of the Shillong Basin). Our data show distinctive characteristics of subduction-related magmatism exhibiting high LREE/HREE, large ion lithophile element/high field strength element ratios and pronounced negative Nb anomaly. Elemental ratios such as Zr/Ba (0.21–0.46), La/Nb (1.23–2.32) and Ba/Nb (30.08–56.90) point to a fluid-enriched lithospheric mantle source in a subduction regime. Metadolerites plot in the field of ‘back-arc basin basalts’ in tectonic discrimination diagrams reinforcing a subduction zone tectonic setting. The mafic rocks correspond to a 6–10 % partial melting of a mantle source incorporating spinel+garnet lherzolite. The metamorphic P-T of the metadolerites estimated from plagioclase-hornblende geothermobarometer (7–8 kbar, 664 °C) is indicative of amphibolite facies metamorphism in a medium P-T zone. Based on the comparative analysis of field observation, petrography, geochemistry and geological ages given by previous workers, we infer that the Shillong Basin represents a back-arc rift region and is the eastern continuation of the Bathani volcano-sedimentary sequence of the Chotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex marking continuation of the Central Indian Tectonic Zone to the Mikir Massif.

Keywords

Subduction-related magmatismBack-arc basaltAmphibolite facies metamorphismMikir MassifCentral Indian Tectonic Zone
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 160 , Issue 6 , June 2023 , pp. 1114 - 1130
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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