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Internal structure, active tectonics and dynamic topography of the eastern Nankai accretionary prism toe, Japan, and its tsunamigenic potential

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 October 2018

Kiichiro Kawamura  and
Yujiro Ogawa
Kiichiro Kawamura*
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi753-8512, Japan
Yujiro Ogawa
Affiliation:
University of Tsukuba, 1-1-2-C-740 Yokodai, Tsukubamirai, Ibaraki300-2358, Japan
*
Author for correspondence: Kiichiro Kawamura, Email: kiichiro@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp
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Abstract

The eastern Nankai accretionary prism toe was surveyed to evaluate the nature and deformation of its frontal thrust. According to the determined porosities and yield strengths, turbidites were successively buried down to depths of 250–300 m before accretion, and were then exposed at the prism toe by uplift along the Tenryu frontal thrust during 3.4–1.98 Ma. Consolidation tests provided reasonable estimates of burial depth and, when combined with exposed sediment dates, yield prism toe uplift rates of 0.74–2.27 m ka–1. The displacement along the frontal thrust is estimated to be 500–900 m and the slip rates are 1.47–4.55 m ka–1, corresponding to the highest class of active faults on land in Japan. During the surveys of the Tenryu frontal thrust zone, we discovered a new active fault scarp that was several tens of centimetres high, interpreted to be a protothrust located c. 100 m south of the frontal thrust. This scarp is associated with chemosynthetic biocommunities. The thrust might potentially be the result of displacement during the East Nankai (To-Nankai) earthquake (Mw 8.1) in 1944. These lines of evidence indicate that the Tenryu frontal thrust is still active and that displacement along the thrust might induce a tsunami during future Tokai or To-Nankai earthquakes.

Keywords

consolidation testtsunamigenic faultTenryu submarine canyonsubmersible surveyTokai earthquake
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 158 , Special Issue 1: Subduction zone processes and crustal growth mechanisms at Pacific-Rim continental margins: modern and ancient analogues , January 2021 , pp. 30 - 38
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2018

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