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Petrogenesis of (meta-) basalts from the North Qilian Orogenic Belt, NW China: implications for the Palaeoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the North Qilian Block

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2021

Xiu-Quan Miao ,
Yi-Xin Liu Open the ORCID record for Yi-Xin Liu [Opens in a new window] ,
Yi-Wei Liu ,
Jin-Rong Wang  and
Jian-Lin Chen
Xiu-Quan Miao
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
Yi-Xin Liu*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, China
Yi-Wei Liu
Affiliation:
Second Institute Geological and Mineral Exploration of Gansu Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Lanzhou730000, China
Jin-Rong Wang
Affiliation:
School of Earth Sciences and Gansu Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
Jian-Lin Chen
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, China
*
Author for correspondence: Yi-Xin Liu, Email address: liuyixin@gig.ac.cn
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Abstract

The North Qilian Orogenic Belt is surrounded by the Tarim Craton to the NW and the North China Craton to the NE. The Precambrian continental crust remnants that are distributed in the North Qilian Orogenic Belt are termed the North Qilian Block (NQB), and their tectonic evolution has profound implications for the evolution of the Columbia Supercontinent. Here we present major- and trace-element and Sr–Nd–Hf isotope data for (meta-) basalts from the Beidahe Group (BDHG) and Zhulongguan Group (ZLGG) in the western North Qilian Orogenic Belt, to investigate the tectonic evolution of the NQB during the Proterozoic Eon. The protoliths of Palaeoproterozoic amphibole gneisses and plagioclase amphibolites from the BDHG are calc-alkaline series basalts. These metabasalts show island-arc-basalt affinities with variable Nd and Hf isotopes (ϵNd(t) = −5.0–0.6 and 2.7–4.3; ϵHf(t) = −14.2–2.0 and 6.9–8.8) and were generated by partial melting of the asthenospheric mantle that was metasomatized by aqueous fluid and sediment melt in a continental-arc setting. The early Mesoproterozoic ZLGG basalts show features of shoshonite-series basalts and are geochemically similar to ocean-island basalts. These basalts show variable (87Sr/86Sr)i, ϵNd(t) and ϵHf(t) values of 0.70464–0.70699, −1–2.6 and −1.5–5.7, and are products of mantle plume magmatism that participated with subducted oceanic crust in an intracontinental rift setting. This study suggests that the NQB underwent tectonic evolution from palaeo-oceanic subduction to intracontinental rifting during the Palaeoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic eras. Furthermore, the above tectonomagmatic events were in response to convergence–splitting events of the Columbia Supercontinent during the Palaeoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic eras.

Keywords

North Qilian Blocklithosphere evolutionProterozoicColumbia Supercontinent
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 158 , Issue 10 , October 2021 , pp. 1795 - 1810
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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