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Healthcare worker mental models of patient care tasks in the context of infection prevention and control

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 September 2021

Joel M. Mumma Open the ORCID record for Joel M. Mumma [Opens in a new window] ,
Jessica R. Howard-Anderson ,
Jill S. Morgan ,
Kevin Schink ,
Marisa J. Wheatley ,
Colleen S. Kraft ,
Morgan A. Lane ,
Noah H. Kaufman ,
Oluwateniola Ayeni  and
Erik A. Brownsword
...Show all authors
Joel M. Mumma*
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
Jessica R. Howard-Anderson
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
Jill S. Morgan
Affiliation:
Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, Georgia
Kevin Schink
Affiliation:
Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, Georgia
Marisa J. Wheatley
Affiliation:
Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
Colleen S. Kraft
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
Morgan A. Lane
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
Noah H. Kaufman
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
Oluwateniola Ayeni
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
Erik A. Brownsword
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
Jesse T. Jacob
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
*
Author for correspondence: Joel M. Mumma, E-mail: jmmumma@emory.edu
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Abstract

Objective:

Understanding the cognitive determinants of healthcare worker (HCW) behavior is important for improving the use of infection prevention and control (IPC) practices. Given a patient requiring only standard precautions, we examined the dimensions along which different populations of HCWs cognitively organize patient care tasks (ie, their mental models).

Design:

HCWs read a description of a patient and then rated the similarities of 25 patient care tasks from an infection prevention perspective. Using multidimensional scaling, we identified the dimensions (ie, characteristics of tasks) underlying these ratings and the salience of each dimension to HCWs.

Setting:

Adult inpatient hospitals across an academic hospital network.

Participants:

In total, 40 HCWs, comprising infection preventionists and nurses from intensive care units, emergency departments, and medical-surgical floors rated the similarity of tasks. To identify the meaning of each dimension, another 6 nurses rated each task in terms of specific characteristics of tasks.

Results:

Each HCW population perceived patient care tasks to vary along 3 common dimensions; most salient was the perceived magnitude of infection risk to the patient in a task, followed by the perceived dirtiness and risk of HCW exposure to body fluids, and lastly, the relative importance of a task for preventing versus controlling an infection in a patient.

Conclusions:

For a patient requiring only standard precautions, different populations of HCWs have similar mental models of how various patient care tasks relate to IPC. Techniques for eliciting mental models open new avenues for understanding and ultimately modifying the cognitive determinants of IPC behaviors.

Type
Original Article
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 43 , Issue 9 , September 2022 , pp. 1123 - 1128
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America

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