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Surveillance for Healthcare-Acquired Febrile Respiratory Infection in Pediatric Hospitals Participating in the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Joseph V. Vayalumkal ,
Denise Gravel ,
Dorothy Moore ,
Anne Matlow  and
Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program
Joseph V. Vayalumkal
Affiliation:
Canadian Field Epidemiology Program, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa
Denise Gravel*
Affiliation:
Center for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa
Dorothy Moore
Affiliation:
Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Anne Matlow
Affiliation:
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
*
Public Health Agency of Canada, 100 Promenade Eglantine Driveway, PL 0601E2, Ottawa, ON , CanadaK1A 0K9 (denise_gravel@phac-aspc.gc.ca)
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Abstract

Objective.

To determine the rates of healthcare-acquired febrile respiratory infection (HA-FRI) in Canadian pediatric hospitals and to determine the vaccination status of patients with healthcare-acquired respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, influenza, or pneumococcal infection who were also eligible for immunoprophylaxis.

Methods.

Prospective surveillance was conducted in 8 hospitals from January 1 to April 30, 2005. All hospitalized patients less than 18 years of age were eligible, except for patients housed in standard newborn nurseries or psychiatric units. Infection control professionals reviewed laboratory reports, conducted ward rounds, and reviewed medical records to identify case patients. Descriptive analyses were completed, as well.

Results.

A total of 96 case patients were identified; 52 (54%) were male, and 48 (50%) were aged 1 year or less. Seventy-two patients (75%) had chronic medical conditions. Respiratory viruses accounted for 72 (71%) of 101 pathogens identified, and RSV was the virus most frequently identified. Of these 96 patients, 9 (9%) died, and 3 (3%) of the deaths were related to the patient's HA-FRI. The mean incidence rate was 0.97 infections/1,000 patient-days (range, 0.29–1.50 infections/1,000 patient-days). Only 2 (15%) of 13 influenza vaccine-eligible children who acquired influenza while hospitalized were reported to have been vaccinated, but influenza vaccination status was unknown for most children. However, 4 (80%) of 5 RSV prophylaxis-eligible children who had healthcare-acquired RSV infection had received immunoprophylaxis with anti-RSV monoclonal antibody.

Conclusions.

HA-FRI is mainly caused by viruses such as RSV, and it primarily affects children under 1 year of age and those with chronic medical conditions.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 30 , Issue 7 , July 2009 , pp. 652 - 658
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2009

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