Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-nr4z6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-01T05:52:53.425Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Topics in Clinical Microbiology: Pseudomonas cepacia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Charles W. Stratton ,
William J. Gregory  and
Paul C. McNabb
William J. Gregory*
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Disease, Baptist Hospital Inc., Nashville, Tennessee
Paul C. McNabb
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Disease, Baptist Hospital Inc., Nashville, Tennessee
*
P.O. Box 218, Dalton, GA 30722-0218
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Pseudomonas cepacia was first reported in the literature by Burkholder as a phytopathogen responsible for sour skin, a disease of onion bulbs. Similar bacteria were isolated from other sources and given various names including Pseudomonas multivorans, Pseudomonas kingii, and EO-1. The synonymy of these organisms with P. cepacia was eventually established. The first descriptions of human disease due to Pseudomonas cepacia were two reports of infective endocarditis. Subsequently, a series of postoperative urinary tract infections secondary to contaminated disinfectant solution were reported and P. cepacia became identified as a cause of nosocomial infection. P. cepacia has demonstrated a low level of virulence and invasiveness in the general population, but it has been shown to cause severe infection in patients with underlying diseases. Moreover, its nutritional versatility and ability to survive in antiseptic solutions make it a superb agent for causing hospital-acquired infection.

Type
Special Sections
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 7 , Issue 5 , May 1986 , pp. 281 - 284
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Burkholder, WH, Sour skin, a bacterial rot of onion bulbs. Phytopathology 1950;40:115–117.Google Scholar
2.King, EO, The identification of unusual pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Georgia, 1964.Google Scholar
3.Morris, MB, Roberts, JB, A group of Pseudomonas able to synthesize Poly-β-hydroxybutryric acid. Nature 1959;183:1538–1539.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Jonsson, V, Proposal of a new species Pseudomonas kingii. International Journal of Systemic Bacteriology 1970;20:255–257.Google Scholar
5.Stanier, RY, Palleroni, NJ, Doudoroff, M, The aerobic pseudomonads: A tox-onomic study, J Gen Microbiol 1966;43:159–271.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Ballard, RW, Pallerone, NJ, Dourdoroff, M, et al: Taxonomy of the aerobic pseudomonads: Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas marginata, Pseudomonas alliicolli and Pseudomonas caryophylli. J Gen Microbiol 1970;60:199–214.Google Scholar
7.Snell, JJS, Hill, LR, Lapage, SP, et al: Identification of Pseudomonas cepacia Burkholder and its synonymy with Pseudomonas kingii Jonnson. International Journal of Systemic Bacteriology 1972;22:127–138.Google Scholar
8.Sorrell, WB, White, LV, Acute bacterial endocarditis by a variant of the Genus Herrellea. Am J Clin Pathol 1953;23:134–138.Google Scholar
9.Schiff, J, Suter, LS, Gourley, RD, et al: Flavobacterium infection as a cause of bacterial endocarditis. Ann Intern Med 1961;55:499–506.Google Scholar
10.Mitchell, RG, Hayward, AC, Postoperative urinary-tract infections caused by contaminated irrigating fluid. Lancet 1966;1:793–795.Google Scholar
11.Pallent, LJ, Hugo, WB, Grant, DJW, et al: Pseudomonas cepacia as a contaminant and infective agent, J Hosp Infect 1983;4:9–13.Google Scholar
12.Hugh, R, Gilardi, GL, Pseudomonas, in Lennette, EH, Balows, A, Hausler, WJ, et al (eds): Manual of Clinical Microbiology. Washington DC, American Society for Microbiology 1980, pp 288–317.Google Scholar
13.Phillips, I, Eykyn, S, Curtis, MA, et al: Pseudomonas cepacia (multivorans) Septicaemia in an intensive care unit. Lancet 1971;1:375–377.Google Scholar
14.Kaslow, RA, Mackel, DC, Mallison, GF, Nosocomial pseudobacteremia: Positive blood cultures due to contaminated benzalkonium antiseptic. JAMA 1976;236:2407–2409.Google Scholar
15.Berkleman, RL, Lewin, S, Allen, JR, et al: Pseudobacteremia attributed to contamination of povidone-iodine with Pseudomonas cepacia. Ann Intern Med 1981;95:32–36.Google Scholar
16.Weinstein, RA, Emori, TG, Anderson, RL, et al: Pressure transducers as a source of bacteremia after open heart surgery: Report of an outbreak and guidelines for prevention. Chest 1976;69:338–344.Google Scholar
17.Frank, MJ, Schaffner, W, Contaminated aqueous benzalkonium chloride: An unnecessary infection hazard. JAMA 1976;236:2418–2419.Google Scholar
18.Craven, DE, Moody, B, Connolly, MG, et al: Pseudobacteremia caused by povidone-iodine solution contaminated with Pseudomonas cepacia. N Engl J Med 1981;305:621–623.Google Scholar
19.Speller, DCE, Stephens, ME, Viant, AC, Hospital infection by J Pseudomonas cepacia. Lancet 1971;1:798–799.Google Scholar
20.Hardy, PC, Ederer, GM, Matsen, JM, Contamination of commercially packaged urinary catheter kits with the pseudomonad EO-1. N Engl J Med 1970;282:33–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Siboni, K, Olsen, H, Ravn, E, et al: Pseudomonas cepacia in 16 non-fatal cases of postoperative bacteremia derived from intrinsic contamination of the anaesthetic fentanyl: Clinical and epidemiological observations in Denmark and Holland. Scand J Infect Dis 1979;11:39–45.Google Scholar
22.Kothari, T, Reyes, MP, Brooks, N, et al: Pseudomonas cepacia septic arthritis due to intra-articular injections of methylprednisolone. Can Med Assoc J 1977;116:1230–1232.Google Scholar
23.Poe, RH, Marcus, HR, Emerson, GL, Lung abscess due to Pseudomonas cepacia. Am Rev Respir Dis 1977;115:861–865.Google ScholarPubMed
24.Schaffner, W, Reisig, G, Verrall, RA, Outbreak of Pseudomonas cepacia infection due to contaminated anaesthetics. Lancet 1973;1:1050–1051.Google Scholar
25.Rapkin, RH, Pseudomonas cepacia in an intensive care nursery. Pediatrics 1976;57:239–243.Google Scholar
26.Cabrera, HA, Drake, MA, An epidemic in a coronary care unit caused by pseudomonas species. Am J Clin Pathol 1975;64:700–704.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Stirland, RM, Tooth, JA, Pseudomonas cepacia as contaminant of propamidine disinfectants. Br Med J 1976;2:1505.Google Scholar
28.Carson, LA, Favero, MS, Bond, WW, et al: Morphological, biochemical and growth characteristics of Pseudomonas cepacia from distilled water. Applied Microbiology 1973;25:476–483.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29.Pseudomonas cepacia colonization—Minnesota. MMWR 1981;30:610–611.Google Scholar
30.Marione, WJ, Osterman, CA, Fisher, KA, et al: Pseudomonas cepacia: Implications and control of epidemic nosocomial colonization. Rev Infect Dis 1981;3:708–715.Google Scholar
31.Gelbart, SM, Reinhardt, GF, Greenlee, HB, Pseudomonas cepacia strains isolated from water reservoirs of unhealed nebulizers. J Clin Microbiol 1976;3:62–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Weinstein, RA, Stamm, WE, Pseudoepidemics in Hospital. Lancet 1977;2:862–864.Google Scholar
33.Sobel, JDHashman, N, Reinherz, G, et al: Nosocomial Pseudomonas cepacia infection associated with Chlorhexidine contamination. Am J Med 1982;73:183–186.Google Scholar
34.Bassett, DCJ, Pickson, JAS, Hunt, GH, Infection of Holter valve by pseudomo-nas-contaminated Chlorhexidine. Lancet 1973;1:1263–1264.Google Scholar
35.Dixon, RE, Kaslow, RA, Mackel, DC, et al: Aqueous quaternary ammonium antiseptics and disinfectants: Use and misuse. JAMA 1976;236:2415–2417.Google Scholar
36.Bassett, DCJ, Stokes, KJ, Thomas, WRG, Wound infection with Pseudomonas multivorans: A water-borne contaminant of disinfectant solutions. Lancet 1970;1:1188–1191.Google Scholar
37.Stenson, S, Newman, R, Freyne, P, et al: Contamination in McCarey-Kaufman stored keratoplasty donor material. Ophthalmic Surg 1980;11:395–397.Google Scholar
38.Steere, AC, Tenney, JH, Mackel, DC, et al: Pseudomonas species bacteremia caused by contaminated normal human serum albumin. J Infect Dis 1977;135:729–735.Google Scholar
39.Mackel, DC, Contamination of disposable catheter kits with EO-1. N Engl J Med 1970;282:752–753.Google Scholar
40.Gilardi, GL, Characterization of pseudomonas species isolated from clinical specimens. Applied Microbiology 1971;21:414–419.Google Scholar
41.Pickett, MJ, Pedersen, MM, Characterization of saccharolytic nonfermentative bacteria associated with man. Can J Microbiol 1970;16:351–362.Google Scholar
42.Gilardi, GL, Characterization of EO-1 strains (Pseudomonans kingii) isolated from clinical specimens and the hospital environment. Applied Microbiology 1970;20:521–522.Google Scholar
43.Decicco, BT, Lee, EC, Sorrentino, JU, Factors affecting survival of Pseudomonas cepacia in decongestant nasal sprays containing thimerosal as preservative. J Pharm Sci 1982;71:1231–1234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
44.Stover, GB, Drake, DR, Montie, TC, Virulence of different pseudomonas species in a burned mouse model: Tissue colonization by J Pseudomonas cepacia. Infectlmmun 1983;41:1099–1104.Google Scholar
45.McKevitt, AI, Woods, DE, Characterization of Pseudomonas cepacia isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis, J Clin Microbiol 1984;19:291–293.Google Scholar
46.Ederer, GM, Matsen, JM, Colonization and infection with Pseudomonas cepacia. J Infect Dis 1972;125:613–618.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
47.Guiness, M, Levey, J: Contamination of aqueous dilutions of resiguard disinfectant with pseudomonas. Med J Aust 1976;2:392.Google Scholar
48.Morris, S, Gibbs, M, Hansman, D, et al: Contamination of aqueous dilutions of resiguard disinfectant with pseudomonas. Med J Aust 1976;2:110–111.Google Scholar
49.Borghans, JGA, Marja, TH, Hoslic, , et al: Pseudomonas cepacia bacteraemia due to intrinsic contamination of an anaesthetic: Bacteriological and serological observations. Acta Path Microbiol Scand 1979;87(Suppl B): 15–20.Google Scholar
50.Nosocomial Pseudomonas cepacia infection. MMWR 1979;28:289–290.Google Scholar
51.Pappalardo, G, Roussionos, D, Tanner, F, Hospital infections by J Pseudomonas cepacia. Experientia 1980;36:493.Google Scholar
52.Ysbuuchi, E, Miyajima, N, Hotta, A, et al: Pseudomonas cepacia from blood of a burn patient. Med J Osaka Univ 1970;21:1–6.Google Scholar
53.Berkelman, RL, Godley, J, Weber, JA, et al: Pseudomonas cepacia peritonitis associated with contamination of automatic peritoneal dialysis machines. Ann Intern Med 1982;96:456–458.Google Scholar
54.Darby, CP, Treating Pseudomonas cepacia meningitis with Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole. Am J Du Child 1976;130:1365–1366.Google Scholar
55.Levitz, RE, Quintiliani, R, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole for bacterial meningitis. Ann Intern Med 1984;100:881–890.Google Scholar
56.Weinstein, RA, Jones, EL, Schwarzmann, SW, et al: Sternal osteomyelitis and mediastinitis after open-heart operation: Pathogenesis and prevention. Ann Thorac Surg 1976;21:442–444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
57.Weinstein, AJ, Moellering, RC, Hopkins, CC, et al: Pseudomonas cepacia pneumonia. Am J Med Sci 1973;265:491–494.Google Scholar
58.Dailey, RH, Benner, EJ, Necrotizing pneumonitis due to the pseudomonad “Eugonic Oxidizer-Group I”. N Engl J Med 1968;279:361–362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
59.Taplin, D, Bassett, DCJ, Mertz, PM, Foot lesions association with Pseudomonas cepacia. Lancet 1971;2:568–571.Google Scholar
60.Sieber, OF, Fulginiti, NA, Pseudomonas cepacia pneumonia in a child with chronic granulomatous disease and selective IgA deficiency. Acta Paediatr Scand 1976;65:519–520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
61.Bottone, EJ, Douglas, SD, Rausen, AR, et al: Association of Pseudomonas cepacia with chronic granulomatous disease. J Clin Microbiol 1975;1:425–428.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
62.Rosenstein, BJ, Hall, DE, Pneumonia and septicemia due to Pseudomonas cepacia in a patient with cystic fibrosis. Johns Hopkins Medical Journal 1980;147:88–189.Google Scholar
63.Isles, A, Maclusky, I, Corey, M, et al: Pseudomonas cepacia infection in cystic fibrosis: An emerging problem. J Pediatr 1984;104:206–210.Google Scholar
64.Hamilton, J, Burch, W, Grimmett, G, et al: Successful treatment of Pseudomonas cepacia endocarditis with Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1973;4:551–554.Google Scholar
65.Neu, HC, Garvey, GJ, Beach, MP, Successful treatment of Pseudomonas cepacia endocarditis in a heroin addict with Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole. J Infect Dis 1973;128(Suppl):S768–S770.Google Scholar
66.Seligman, SJ, Madhaven, T, Alcid, D, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of bacterial endocarditis. J Infect Du 1973;128(Suppl):S754–S761.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
67.Noriega, ER, Rubinstein, E, Simberkoff, MS, et al: Subacute and acute endocarditis due to Pseudomonas cepacia in heroin addicts. Am J Med 1975;59:29–36.Google Scholar
68.Gonzalez, CF, Vidaver, AK, Bacteriocin, plasmid, and pectolytic diversity in Pseudomonas cepacia of clinical and plant origin. J Gen Microbiol 1979;110:161–170.Google Scholar
69.Moody, MR, Young, VM, Kenton, DM, In vitro antibiotic susceptibility of pseudmonads other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa recovered from cancer patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1972;2:344–349.Google Scholar
70.Nord, C-E, Wadstrom, T, Wretlind, B, Antibiotic sensitivity of two aeromonas and nine pseudomonas species. Med Microbiol Immunol 1979;161:89–97.Google Scholar
71.Moody, MR, Young, VM, In vitro susceptibility of Pseudomonas cepacia and Pseudomonas maltophilia to Trimethoprim and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1975;7:836–839.Google Scholar
72.Nord, C-E, Wadstrom, T, Wretlind, B, Synergistic effect of combinations of Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim, and Colistin against Pseudomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas cepacia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1974;6:521–523.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
73.Gilardi, GL, Infrequently encountered pseudomonas species causing infection in humans. Ann Intern Med 1972;77:211–215.Google Scholar
74.Jacobus, NV, Ferreira, MC, Barza, M, In vitro activity of Azthreonam, a mono-bactam antibiotic. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1982;22:832–838.Google Scholar
75.Fass, RF, Comparative in vitro activities of third-generation cephalosporins. Arch Intern Med 1983;143:1743–1745.Google Scholar
76.Masuyoshi, S, Arai, S, Miyamoto, M, et al: In vitro antimicrobial activity of cefotaxime, a new cephalosporin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1980;18:1–8.Google Scholar
77.Heidt, A, Monteil, H, Richard, C, O and H serotyping of Pseudomonas cepacia. J Clin Microbiol 1983;18:738–740.Google Scholar
78.Gold, R, Jim, E, Levison, Het al: Ceftazidime alone and in combination in patients with cystic fibrosis: Lack of efficacy in treatment of severe respiratory infections caused by J Pseudomonas cepacia. J Antimicrob Chemother 1983, 12(Suppl A):331–336.Google Scholar