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Perceived discrimination and nativity status: risk of cognitive impairment among Latin American older adults

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2023

Lize Tibiriçá Open the ORCID record for Lize Tibiriçá [Opens in a new window] ,
Dylan J. Jester ,
Jordan N. Kohn Open the ORCID record for Jordan N. Kohn [Opens in a new window] ,
Allison P. Williams ,
Linda K. McEvoy  and
Barton W. Palmer Open the ORCID record for Barton W. Palmer [Opens in a new window]
Lize Tibiriçá*
Affiliation:
Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
Dylan J. Jester
Affiliation:
Women’s Operational Military Exposure Network (WOMEN), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
Jordan N. Kohn
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
Allison P. Williams
Affiliation:
Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
Linda K. McEvoy
Affiliation:
Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
Barton W. Palmer
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), San Diego, CA, USA
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Lize Tibiriçá, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr MC 0664, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. Email: ldecarvalho@ucsd.edu.
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Abstract

Objectives:

We examined the association between perceived discrimination and the risk of cognitive impairment with no dementia (CIND) and Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) while considering the potential effects of nativity status.

Design:

A prospective analysis of discrimination and nativity status with dementia and cognitive impairment was conducted among Latinx adults aged 51 years and older who participated in the Health and Retirement Study.

Setting:

A national representative sample.

Participants:

A sample of 1,175 Latinx adults aged 51 years and older.

Measurements:

Demographics, cognitive functioning, perceived discrimination, and nativity status (US-born vs. non-US born) were assessed. Traditional survival analysis methods (Fine and gray models) were used to account for the semi-competing risk of death with up to 10 years of follow-up.

Results:

According to our results, neither everyday discrimination nor nativity status on their own had a statistically significant association with CIND/ADRD; however, non-US-born Latinx adults who reported no discrimination had a 42% lower risk of CIND/ADRD (SHR = 0.58 [0.41, 0.83], p = .003) than US-born adults.

Conclusions:

These results highlight the need for healthcare providers to assess for discrimination and provide support and resources for those experiencing discrimination. It also highlights the need for better policies that address discrimination and reduce health disparities.

Keywords

Latinxcognitiondiscriminationnativity status
Type
Original Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , First View , pp. 1 - 13
Copyright
© International Psychogeriatric Association 2023

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