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Comparative studies of upland and swamp rice varieties (Oryza sativa L. ). I. Effect of soil moisture on growth and nutrient uptake

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

B. A. C. Enyi
B. A. C. Enyi
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, E. Nigeria
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Summary

Growth and nutrient uptake by an upland rice variety, Agbede and a swamp rice variety, BG 79, were studied under four different soil moisture regimes (60, 80, 100% soil moisture saturation and flooding).

BG 79 (Swamp rice) ultimately attained greater mean total dry weight than Agbede (Upland rice), except in the flooding treatment, where the reverse applied. For both, 100% soil moisture saturation gave the greatest total dry weight increase, whereas the driest soil depressed dry-matter production: plants grown on soil maintained at 80% moisture saturation ultimately attained greater mean total dry weight than those grown on flooded soil. Flooded plants of the swamp rice outyielded plants grown on soil maintained at 80% moisture saturation, but the reverse applied to the upland rice.

Total leaf numbers were usually greater in BG 79 than in Agbede during the tillering and mid-vegetative stages. Increase in the soil moisture up to complete saturation increased the total leaf number in both varieties.

Mean leaf area was greater in Agbede than in BG 79 during the tillering and midvegetative stages. During these two periods of growth the 100% saturation treatment produced plants with the greatest leaf area, whereas 60% soil moisture saturation produced plants with the smallest leaf area in both varieties.

BG 79 had more shoots than Agbede. During tillering saturated and flooded soil encouraged the production of shoots in both varieties, but the driest soil prolonged the tillering period, especially in BG 79. Final shoot number tended to decrease with decreasing soil moisture. The percentage shoot mortality in Agbede was not significantly affected by soil moisture regimes, but BG 79 plants grown on the driest and saturated soil had significantly greater percentages of shoot mortality than flooded plants. In both varieties, plants grown on the driest soil had significantly greater percentage shoot mortality than those grown on soil maintained at 80% moisture saturation.

Mean Relative Leaf Growth Rate and Net Assimilation Rate were significantly faster in BG 79 than in Agbede variety, but the reverse applied with regard to Leaf Weight Ratio.

In both varieties flooded plants had the lowest concentration of manganese, especially during tillering. The small adsorption of Mn with flooding is attributed to a probable antagonism between iron and manganese.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 71 , Issue 1 , August 1968 , pp. 1 - 13
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1968

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