Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-wzw2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-31T08:56:12.542Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nutrient relations of winter wheat: 2. Movement of nutrients to the root and their uptake

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

P. J. Gregory ,
D. V. Crawford  and
M. McGowan
M. McGowan
Affiliation:
University of Nottingham School of Agriculture, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leics.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The purpose of this work was to determine the relative importance of mass flow and diffusion in supplying nutrients to wheat plants and to calculate nutrient uptake rates by roots (inflow). Winter wheat was grown in the field and measurements of plant Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, S and N contents, root length, plant water uptake and soil solution concentration made at regular intervals during growth. The apparent contribution of mass flow to plant uptake of nutrients between mid- April and mid-June was greater than the measured plant uptake for sodium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur (14, 9, 2 and 4 times respectively); however, only 50 % of the measured plant uptake of nitrogen and potassium and 5% of the phosphorus was supplied in this way. There were some 7 day periods when mass flow was able to supply the measured uptake of nitrogen and potassium, and it is possible that for these nutrients the importance of mass flow and diffusion may change during growth. Mean inflows (uptake in mol/cm root/sec) were calculated from sowing until mid- June. Inflow decreased for all nutrients from high initial values to low values during the winter and rose again in mid-April and May before falling in June. The increase in inflow in mid-April was concomitant with increased shoot growth but the precise factors controlling plant demand for nutrients and uptake in the field are still ill-defined.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 93 , Issue 2 , October 1979 , pp. 495 - 504
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1979

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barber, S. A. (1962). A diffusion and mass-flow concept of soil nutrient availability. Soil Science 93, 39–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, S. A. (1978). Growth and nutrient uptake of soybean roots under field conditions. Agronomy Journal 70, 457–461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, S. A., Walker, J. M. & Vasey, E. H. (1963). Mechanisms for the movement of plant nutrients from the soil and fertilizer to the plant root. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 11, 204–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhat, K. K. S. & Nyb, P. H. (1973). Diffusion of phosphate to plant roots in soil. I. Quantitative autoradiography of the depletion zone1. Plant and Soil 38, 161–175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bray, R. H. (1954). A nutrient mobility conoept of soil-plant relationships. Soil Science 78, 9–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewster, J. L. & Tinker, P. B. (1970). Nutrient cation flows in soil around plant roots. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 34, 421–426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewster, J. L. & Tinker, P. B. (1972). Nutrient flow rates into roots. Soils and Fertilizers 35, 355—359.Google Scholar
Burd, J. S. & Martin, J. C. (1931). Secular and seasonal changes in soils. Hilgardia 5, 455–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarkson, D. T., Mercer, E. R., Johnson, M. G. & Mattam, D. (1975). The uptake of nitrogen (ammonium and nitrate) by different segments of the roots of intact barley plants. Agricultural Research Council Letcombe Laboratory Annual Report1974, pp. 10–13.Google Scholar
Clarkson, D. T. & Sanderson, J. (1971). Relationship between the anatomy of cereal roots and'the absorption of nutrients and water. Agricultural Research Council Letcombe Laboratory Annual Report 1970, 16–25.Google Scholar
Clarkson, D. T. & Sanderson, J. (1974). The uptake of iron and its distribution in the root tissues of barley. Agricultural Research Council Letcombe Laboratory Annual Report1973, pp. 15–19.Google Scholar
Fowler, D. & Unsworth, M. H. (1974).Dry deposition of sulphur dioxide on wheat. Nature, London 249, 389–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, P. J., Crawford, D. V. & Mcgowan, M. (1979). Nutrient relations of winter wheat. 1. Accumulation and distribution of Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, S and N. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 93, 485–494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, P. J., Mcgowan, M. & Biscoe, P. V. (1978). Water relations of winter wheat. 2. Soil water relations. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 91, 103–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, P. J., Mcgowan, M., Biscoe, P. V. & Htinter, B. (1978). Water relations of winter wheat. 1. Growth of the root system. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 91, 91–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, J. (1963). Some investigations on plant uptake of sulphur. Soil Science 95, 63–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knowles, F. & Watkin, J. W. (1931). The assimilation and translocation of plant nutrients in wheat during growth. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 21, 612–637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lanczos, C. (1957). In Applied Analysis. London: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Larsen, S. & Widdowson, A. E. (1968). Chemical composition of soil solution. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 19, 693–695.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, D. G. & Quirk, J. P. (1967). Phosphate diffusion in soil and uptake by plants. III. p s l movement and uptake by plants as indicated by p32 autoradiography. Plant and Soil 26, 445–453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mengel, D. B. & Barber, S. A. (1974). Rate of nutrient uptake per unit of corn root under field conditions. Agronomy Journal 66, 399–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moss, P. (1963). Some aspects of the cation status of moisture. I. The ratio law and soil moisture content. Plant and Soil 18, 99–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nair, P. K. R. & Talibtoeen, O. (1973). Dynamics of K and NO3 concentrations in the root zone of winter wheat at Broadbalk using specific-ion electrodes. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 81, 327–337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nanagara, T., Phillips, R. E. & Leggett, J. E. (1976). Diffusion and mass flow of nitrate-nitrogen into corn roots grown under field conditions. Agronomy Journal 68, 67–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nye, P. H. (1969). The soil model and its application to plant nutrition. In Ecological Aspects of the Mineral Nutrition of Plants(ed. Rorison, I. H.), pp. 105–114. London: Blackwell Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
Nye, P. H. & Tinker, P. B. (1969). The concept of a root demand coefficient. Journal of Applied Ecology 6, 293–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nye, P. H. & Tinker, P. B. (1977). Solute Movement in the Soil-root System. London: Blackwell Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
Olsen, S. R. & Kemper, W. D. (1968). Movement of nutrients to plant roots. Advances in Agronomy 20, 91–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Passioura, J. B. (1963). A mathematical model for the uptake of ions from the soil solution. Plant and Soil 18, 225–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pitman, M. G. (1972). Uptake and transport of ions in barley seedlings. III. Correlation between transport to the shoot and relative growth rate. Australian Journal of Biological Science 25, 905–919.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powell, C. L. (1977). Effect of phosphate fertiliser and plant density on phosphate inflow into ryegrass roots in soil. Plant and Soil 47, 383–393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rapeb, C. D., Pabsons, L. B., Pattebson, D. T. & Kbameb, P. J. (1977). Relationship between growth and nitrogen accumulation for vegetative cotton and soybean plants. Botanical Gazette 138, 129–137.Google Scholar
Rapeb, C. D., Pattebson, D. T., Pabsons, L. R. & Kbameb, P. J. (1977). Relative growth and nutrient accumulation rates for tobacco. Plant and Soil 46, 473–486.Google Scholar
Russell, R. S. & Clabkson, D. T. (1976). Ion Transport in root systems. In Perspectives in Experimental Biology, vol. 2, Botany(ed. Sunderland, N.), pp. 401–411. Oxford: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Sims, J. R. & Jackson, G. D. (1971). Rapid analysis of soil nitrate with chromotropio acid. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 35, 603–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sivakumar, M. V. K. (1979). Evaluation of nutrient uptake by soybean roots. (In preparation.)Google Scholar
Vogel, A. I. (1961). In A Text-book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis,3rd edn, pp. 783–784. London: Longmans.Google Scholar
Walker, J. M. & Barbeb, S. A. (1961). Ion uptake by living plant roots. Science, N.Y. 133, 881–882.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
White, R. E. (1973). Studies on mineral ion absorption by plants. II. The interaction between metabolic activity and the rate of phosphorus uptake. Plant and Soil 38, 509–523.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, R. F. (1948). The effects of phosphorus supply on the rates of intake of phosphorus and nitrogen and upon certain aspects of phosphorus metabolism in gramineous plants. Australian Journal of Biological Science Series B,, 1 333–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wray, F. J. & Tinker, P. B. (1969). A scanning apparatus for detecting concentration gradients around single plant roots. In Root Growth(ed. Whittington, W. J.), pp. 418–422. London: Butterworths.Google Scholar