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Attached eddy-like particle clustering in a turbulent boundary layer under net sedimentation conditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 June 2021

Hangyu Zhu Open the ORCID record for Hangyu Zhu [Opens in a new window] ,
Chong Pan ,
Guohua Wang Open the ORCID record for Guohua Wang [Opens in a new window] ,
Yirui Liang ,
Xiaocang Ji  and
Jinjun Wang Open the ORCID record for Jinjun Wang [Opens in a new window]
Hangyu Zhu
Affiliation:
Fluid Mechanics Key Laboratory of Education Ministry, Beihang University, Beijing100191, PR China
Chong Pan*
Affiliation:
Fluid Mechanics Key Laboratory of Education Ministry, Beihang University, Beijing100191, PR China Aircraft and Propulsion Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Beihang University, Ningbo315800, PR China
Guohua Wang
Affiliation:
Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China Key Laboratory of Education Ministry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, PR China
Yirui Liang
Affiliation:
Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China Key Laboratory of Education Ministry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, PR China
Xiaocang Ji
Affiliation:
Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China Key Laboratory of Education Ministry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, PR China
Jinjun Wang
Affiliation:
Fluid Mechanics Key Laboratory of Education Ministry, Beihang University, Beijing100191, PR China
*
†Email address for correspondence: panchong@buaa.edu.cn
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Abstract

Characteristics of particle clustering in a particle-laden turbulent boundary layer at a moderate frictional Reynolds number ($Re_\tau =5500$) are experimentally investigated based on Voronoï analysis. High-inertia sand grains with a large viscous-time-based Stokes number, i.e. $St_p=10^2 - 10^3$, are used as the dispersed phase. The bulk particle volume fraction is $\varPhi _V\sim O(10^{-5})$. Two-dimensional velocity fields of the fluid and particle phases in the streamwise–wall-normal plane are simultaneously measured via particle image/tracking velocimetry. Under the net sedimentation condition, a self-similarity of the geometries of particle clusters is clearly seen in the log layer. This can be characterized by the $-5/3$ power law of the probability density functions of the particle cluster areas and the $y$-scaling of their first- and second-order moments. Considering the self-similarity of wall-attached structures in the attached eddy hypothesis, we propose a conceptual model in which a large proportion of particle clusters prefer to reside on the back ridges of low-momentum attached $u$-structures due to the high-strain effect caused by converging sweep–ejection events. Such a scenario can be partly evidenced by the conditional streamwise spectra of the streamwise and wall-normal fluid-phase velocity components being conditioned inside cluster-occupied regions, which present a distinct $y$-scaling in the log layer. Furthermore, the fluid-phase sweep and ejection events inside particle clusters are observed to be weaker than the cases outside cluster-occupied regions, and the local rate of strain inside cluster-occupied regions is relatively higher than in all unconditional statistics. Finally, conditional statistics reveal that those sand grains with relatively small slip velocities are prone to be captured by low-momentum turbulent motions to form particle clusters.

JFM classification

Boundary Layers: Boundary layer structure Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Particle/fluid flow Turbulent Flows: Turbulent boundary layers
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 920 , 10 August 2021 , A53
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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