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Effect of bulk viscosity on the hypersonic compressible turbulent boundary layer

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 March 2024

Chaoyu Zheng Open the ORCID record for Chaoyu Zheng [Opens in a new window] ,
Yongliang Feng Open the ORCID record for Yongliang Feng [Opens in a new window]  and
Xiaojing Zheng Open the ORCID record for Xiaojing Zheng [Opens in a new window]
Chaoyu Zheng
Affiliation:
School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
Yongliang Feng*
Affiliation:
School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China Institute of Extreme Mechanics, School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
Xiaojing Zheng
Affiliation:
Research Center for Applied Mechanics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, PR China
*
†Email address for correspondence: yongliang.feng@nwpu.edu.cn
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Abstract

The impact of bulk viscosity is unclear with considering the increased dilatational dissipation and compressibility effects in hypersonic turbulence flows. In this study, we employ direct numerical simulations to conduct comprehensive analysis of the effect of bulk viscosity on hypersonic turbulent boundary layer flow over a flat plate. The results demonstrate that the scaling relations remain valid even when accounting for large bulk viscosity. However, the wall-normal velocity fluctuations $v_{rms}^{\prime \prime }$ decrease significantly in the viscous sublayer due to the enhanced bulk dilatational dissipation. The intensity of travelling-wave-like alternating positive and negative structures of instantaneous pressure fluctuations $p_{rms}^{\prime }$ in the near-wall region decreases distinctly after considering the bulk viscosity, which is attributed mainly to the reduction of compressible pressure fluctuations $p_{c,rms}^{+}$. Furthermore, the velocity divergence $\partial u_{i} / \partial x_{i}$ undergoes a significant decrease by bulk viscosity. In short, our results indicate that bulk viscosity can weaken the compressibility of the hypersonic turbulent boundary layer and becomes more significant as the Mach number increases and the wall temperature decreases. Notably, when the bulk-to-shear viscosity ratio of the gas reaches a few hundred levels ($\mu _b/\mu =O(10^2)$), and mechanical behaviour of the near-wall region ($\kern 0.06em y^+\le 30$) is of greater interest, the impact of bulk viscosity on the hypersonic cold-wall turbulent boundary layer may not be negligible.

JFM classification

Compressible Flows: Hypersonic Flow Turbulent Flows: Turbulent boundary layers Boundary Layers: Boundary layer structure
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 982 , 10 March 2024 , A24
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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