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Reverse Marangoni surfing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 December 2016

Vahid Vandadi ,
Saeed Jafari Kang  and
Hassan Masoud
Vahid Vandadi
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
Saeed Jafari Kang
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
Hassan Masoud*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: hmasoud@unr.edu
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Abstract

We theoretically study the surfing motion of chemically and thermally active particles located at a flat liquid–gas interface that sits above a liquid layer of finite depth. The particles’ activity creates and maintains a surface tension gradient resulting in the auto-surfing. It is intuitively perceived that Marangoni surfers propel towards the direction with a higher surface tension. Remarkably, we find that the surfers may propel in the lower surface tension direction depending on their geometry and proximity to the bottom of the liquid layer. In particular, our analytical calculations for Stokes flow and diffusion-dominated scalar fields (i.e. chemical concentration and temperature fields) indicate that spherical particles undergo reverse Marangoni propulsion under confinement whereas disk-shaped surfers always move in the expected direction. We extend our results by proposing an approximate formula for the propulsion speed of oblate spheroidal particles based on the speeds of spheres and disks.

JFM classification

Interfacial Flows (free surface): Interfacial Flows (free surface) Low-Reynolds-number flows: Low-Reynolds-number flows Convection: Marangoni convection
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 811 , 25 January 2017 , pp. 612 - 621
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Copyright
© 2016 Cambridge University Press 

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