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A simple prediction of time-mean and wave orbital velocities in submerged canopy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 February 2024

Xiaoxia Zhang Open the ORCID record for Xiaoxia Zhang [Opens in a new window] ,
Chuyan Zhao  and
Heidi Nepf
Xiaoxia Zhang*
Affiliation:
Water Science and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Chuyan Zhao
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Heidi Nepf
Affiliation:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: xiaoxiazhang@szu.edu.cn
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Abstract

Flow within submerged canopies influences the transport of nutrients, sediment, pollutants, plant seeds and the settlement of larvae. To improve our understanding of mass transport within canopies, a simple model is proposed to predict the total time-varying velocity within submerged rigid canopies (representing coral reefs) and flexible canopies (representing seagrasses and saltmarshes). The model divides the momentum equations into a canopy layer and free-stream layer. The difference in the time derivative of the velocity between the two layers is balanced by the sum of the shear stress and canopy drag, both of which depend on the in-canopy total velocity. The present model extended the shear stress model developed for steady current to combined current and wave conditions without additional calibrating coefficients. The model agreed well with the in-canopy velocity measured in the present and several previous studies. Importantly, the proposed model significantly improved the accuracy of canopy time-mean velocity prediction, which reduced the root mean square error by more than 50 %, compared with previous models. The model revealed that the addition of waves can significantly decrease the in-canopy time-mean velocity.

JFM classification

Waves/Free-surface Flows: Wave-structure interactions Geophysical and Geological Flows: Coastal engineering Aerodynamics: Flow-structure interactions
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 982 , 10 March 2024 , A3
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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