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Transmission of acoustic-gravity waves through gas–liquid interfaces

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 August 2012

Oleg A. Godin  and
Iosif M. Fuks
Oleg A. Godin*
Affiliation:
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0216, USA NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, USA
Iosif M. Fuks
Affiliation:
NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, USA Zel Technologies LLC, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: oleg.godin@noaa.gov
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Abstract

It was demonstrated recently that gas–liquid interfaces, which are usually almost perfect reflectors of acoustic waves, become anomalously transparent, and the power flux in the wave transmitted into the gas increases dramatically, when a compact sound source in the liquid approaches the interface within a fraction of the wavelength (Godin, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 97, 2006b, 164301). Powerful underwater explosions and certain natural sources, such as underwater landslides, generate very low-frequency waves in water and air, for which fluid buoyancy and compressibility simultaneously serve as restoring forces. In this paper, analysis of sound transmission through gas–liquid interfaces is extended to acoustic-gravity waves (AGWs) and applied to the air–water interface. It is found that, as for sound, the interface becomes anomalously transparent for sufficiently shallow compact sources of AGWs. Depending on the source type, the increase of a wave power flux into gas due to diffraction effects can reach several orders of magnitude. The physical mechanisms responsible for the anomalous transparency are discussed. Excitation of an interface wave by a point source in the liquid is shown to be an important channel of AGW transmission into the gas, which has no counterpart in the case of sound.

JFM classification

Geophysical and Geological Flows: Air/sea interactions Waves/Free-surface Flows: Surface gravity waves Waves/Free-surface Flows: Wave scattering
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 709 , 25 October 2012 , pp. 313 - 340
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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