Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-wg55d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-01T21:00:50.696Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Parent Beliefs about Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: Implications for Ethical Communication by Healthcare Providers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2021

Emily Kroshus ,
Sara P.D. Chrisman  and
Frederick P. Rivara
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The objective of this study was to assess the beliefs of parents of youth soccer players about Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE), concussion, and retirement from sport decisions and compare them to those of concussion-specialized clinicians. An electronic survey was completed by parents of youth club soccer players (n=247/1600, 15.4% response rate) and concussion-specialized clinicians (n=18/47, 38.3% response rate) located in a large U.S. urban center. Parents believed more strongly in the causal relationship between concussions and CTE, and between CTE and harm than did clinicians. Parents who themselves had participated in sport at a high level had more conservative beliefs than other parents about the number of concussions after which an athlete should retire from contact or collision sport. Results are discussed in the context of ethical risk communication between clinicians and parents. This includes the importance of communicating information about CTE to parents and youth athletes in an understandable way so that they can make informed choices about contact and collision sport participation. Further research is encouraged to evaluate approaches of communicating evidence about CTE to a diverse population of families of youth athletes.

Type
Independent Articles
Information
Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics , Volume 45 , Issue 3: Symposium - Controversies in Clinical Research Ethics , Fall 2017 , pp. 421 - 430
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

See, for example, CNN,“Athletes and CTE,” available at <http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/22/health/gallery/cte-athletes/> (last visited August 22, 2017) and Dargis, M., “Review: In ‘Concussion,’ a Doctor's Cri de Coeur Against Football's Risks,” New York Times, available at <http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/25/movies/review-in-concussion-a-doctors-cri-de-coeur-against-footballs-risks.html?_r=0> (last visited August 22, 2017). (last visited August 22, 2017).' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=See,+for+example,+CNN,“Athletes+and+CTE,”+available+at++(last+visited+August+22,+2017)+and+Dargis,+M.,+“Review:+In+‘Concussion,’+a+Doctor's+Cri+de+Coeur+Against+Football's+Risks,”+New+York+Times,+available+at++(last+visited+August+22,+2017).>Google Scholar
Hinyard, L. J. and Kreuter, M. W., “Using Narrative Communication as a Tool for Health Behavior Change: A Conceptual, Theoretical, and Empirical Overview,” Health Education & Behavior 34, no. 5 (2006): 777-792.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, S. T., Frank, L. B., Chatterjee, J. S., and Baezcondo-Garbanati, L., “Narrative versus Nonnarrative: The Role of Identification, Transportation, and Emotion in Reducing Health Disparities,” Journal of Communication 63, no. 1 (2013): 116-137.Google Scholar
Meehan, W., Mannix, R., Zafonte, R., and Pascual-Leone, A., “Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy and Athletes,” Neurology 85, no. 17 (2015): 1504-1511.Google Scholar
Id. Iverson, G. L., Gardner, A. J., McCrory, P., Zafonte, R., and Castellani, R. J., “A Critical Review of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy,” Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Review 56 (2015): 276-293; Bailes, J. E., Turner, R. C., Lucke-Wold, B. P., Patel, V., and Lee, J. M., “Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: Is It Real? The Relationship between Neurotrauma and Neurodegeneration,” Neurosurgery 62, Suppl. 1 (2015): 15-24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, R., Rivara, F. P., Ford, M. A., Spicer, C. M., eds., Sports-Related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture (Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2014).Google Scholar
McCrory, P., Meeuwisse, W., Aubry, M., Cantu, B., Dvorak, J., Echemendia, R., and Sills, A., “Consensus statement on Concussion in Sport—the 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2012,” Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 16, no. 3 (2013): 178-189.Google Scholar
Bandura, A., Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1986).Google Scholar
Hu, L. T. and Bentler, P. M., “Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives,” Structural Equation Modeling 6, no. 1 (1999): 1-55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, J., “A Power Primer,” Psychological Bulletin 112, no. 1 (1992): 155-159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kerr, Z. Y., Register-Mihalik, J. K., Marshall, S. W., Evenson, K. R., Mihalik, J. P., Guskiewicz, K. M., “Disclosure and Non-disclosure of Concussion and Concussion Symptoms in Athletes: Review and Application of the Socio-ecological Framework,” Brain Injury 28, no. 8 (2014): 1009-1021.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirschen, M. P., Tsou, A., Nelson, S. B., Russell, J. A., and Larriviere, D., “Legal and Ethical Implications in the Evaluation and Management of Sports-Related Concussion,” Neurology 83, no. 4 (2014): 352-358.Google Scholar
Wennberg, J. E., “Unwarranted Variations in Healthcare Delivery: Implications for Academic Medical Centres,” British Medical Journal 32, no. 7370 (2002): 961-964.Google Scholar
See Kirschen, et al., supra note 12.Google Scholar
Id.Google Scholar
Ellis, M. J., McDonald, P. J., Cordingley, D., Mansouri, B., Essig, M., and Ritchie, L., “Retirement-from-Sport Considerations Following Pediatric Sports-Related Concussion: Case Illustrations and Institutional Approach,” Neurosurgical Focus 40, no. 4 (2016): E8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keirns, C. C. and Goold, S. D., “Patient-Centered Care and Preference-Sensitive Decision Making,” JAMA 302, no. 16 (2009): 1805-1806.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Love, S. and Solomon, G. S., “Talking with Parents of High School Football Players about Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A Concise Summary,” American Journal of Sports Medicine 43, no. 5 (2015): 1260-1264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fagerlin, A., Zikmund-Fisher, B. J., and Ubel, P.A., “Helping patients decide: ten steps to better risk communication,” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 103 (2011): 1436-1443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar