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Formation of carbon capsules from an amorphous carbon film by Ga and Ni/Co catalysts in a transmission electron microscope

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Cheng-Yu Wang ,
Yen-Chih Chen ,
Wen-Huei Chu ,
Chuan-Pu Liu  and
C.B. Boothroyd
Cheng-Yu Wang
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701
Yen-Chih Chen
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701
Wen-Huei Chu
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701
Chuan-Pu Liu*
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701; and Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701
C.B. Boothroyd
Affiliation:
Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore, 117602
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: cpliu@mail.ncku.edu.tw
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Abstract

Direct conversion of an amorphous carbon (C) film to capsules by gallium (Ga), and nickel and cobalt (NiCo) alloy particles upon heating is investigated in situ by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Capsules are catalyzed in an NH3 atmosphere when the temperature is raised to 1050 °C. High resolution TEM reveals that graphene flakes initially nucleate at the surface of the catalysts, then segregate and transform into faceted multi-shell capsules upon continued heating. The solubility of carbon in the NiCo alloy particles can be differentiated from the solubility of carbon in Ga particles by the thickness of the walls. The C/Ga binary phase in nanoparticles is discussed regarding the formation of thin-walled carbon capsules.

Keywords

CatalyticNanostructureTransmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 24 , Issue 4 , April 2009 , pp. 1388 - 1394
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2009

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