Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-ndmmz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-12T18:51:57.487Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Synthesis, processing behavior, and characterization of bismuth superconductors using freeze dried nitrate precursors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

N.V. Coppa ,
W.L. Hults ,
J.L. Smith  and
J. Brynestad
N.V. Coppa
Affiliation:
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
W.L. Hults
Affiliation:
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
J.L. Smith
Affiliation:
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
J. Brynestad
Affiliation:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6100
Get access

Abstract

The synthesis of Bi2−xPbxSr2Ca2Cu3O10 (Bi2223) powders from a freeze dried nitrate precursor is reported here. We examine the composition and morphology of the precursor material, describe the chemistry and kinetics of product formation, and evaluate the phase composition and superconducting properties of the products. A nitrate solution containing the appropriate ratio of cations was rapidly frozen and then freeze dried at low temperatures to form an atomic mixture of the component salts. The thermal processing of the freeze dried material consisted of three steps: (i) dehydration, (ii) denitration, and (iii) solid state reaction to form the Bi2223 superconducting product. Calcium-substituted bismuthates and strontium-substituted calcium cuprate, not Bi2201, are the intermediates between the nitrates and the superconducting products. These highly disordered phases rapidly transform into Bi2212 or Bi2223 at higher temperatures (≍790 °C). The kinetics of product formation was studied using XRD analysis and magnetic susceptibility. The kinetics were shown to follow the nucleation and growth mechanism. Bi2223 formed after only 30 min at a few degrees below the melting point, and after 37 h Bi2223 products exhibited excellent phase composition and magnetic susceptibility characteristics.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 9 , Issue 10 , October 1994 , pp. 2510 - 2518
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1Roehrig, K. F. and Wright, T. R., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 9 (6), 1368 (1972).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2Real, M. W., Br. Ceram. Proc. 38, 59 (1986).Google Scholar
3Dogan, F. and Hausner, H., Ceram. Trans. 1 (Ceram. Powder Sci. 2, Pt. A), 127–134 (1988).Google Scholar
4Coppa, N. V., Myer, G. H., Salomon, R. E., Bura, A., O'Reilly, J. W., Crow, J. E., and Davies, P. K., J. Mater. Res. 7, 2017 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5Brosha, E. L., Sanchez, E., Davies, P. K., Coppa, N. V., Thomas, A. E., and Salomon, R. E., Physica C 184, 353 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Song, K., Liu, H., Dou, S., and Sorrell, C. C., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 73, 1771 (1990).Google Scholar
7Coppa, N. V., Doctoral Thesis, Temple University (Philadelphia, PA, May, 1990).Google Scholar
8Cullity, B. D., Elements of X-ray Diffraction, 2nd ed. (Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, MA, 1978), pp. 411–415.Google Scholar
9Beretka, J. and Brown, T., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 55, 385 (1983), and references therein.Google Scholar
10Taplin, J. H., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 57, 140 (1974).Google Scholar
11Coppa, N. V. and Sikafus, K. E., unpublished.Google Scholar
12Taylor, T. J., Dollimore, D., and Gamlen, G. A., Thermochimica Acta 103, 333 (1986).Google Scholar
13Rawn, C. J., Roth, R. S., and McMurdie, H. F., Powder Diffraction 7, 190 (1992).Google Scholar
14Reardon, B. J. and Hubbard, C. R., Powder Diffraction 7, 96 (1992).Google Scholar
15Roth, R. S., Rawn, C. J., Burton, B. P., and Breech, F., J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 95, 291 (1990).Google Scholar
16Reardon, B. J. and Hubbard, C. R., ORNL/TM-11948, Office of Scientific and Technical Information, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (1992).Google Scholar
17Reardon, B. J. and Hubbard, C. R., ORNL/TM-11949, Office of Scientific and Technical Information, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (1992).Google Scholar
18Hulbert, S. F. and Klawitter, J. J., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 50, 484 (1967).Google Scholar
19Christian, J. W., Theory of Transformations in Metals and Alloys (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1965), pp. 471–495.Google Scholar