Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-2pzkn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-27T05:53:58.920Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Toughening polymer adhesives using nanosized elastomeric particles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 March 2014

Qingshi Meng ,
Sherif Araby ,
Nasser Saber ,
Hsu-Chiang Kuan ,
Jiabin Dai ,
Lee Luong ,
Jun Ma  and
Chun H. Wang
Qingshi Meng
Affiliation:
School of Engineering, University of South Australia, SA 5095, Australia; and Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, SA 5095, Australia
Sherif Araby
Affiliation:
School of Engineering, University of South Australia, SA 5095, Australia
Nasser Saber
Affiliation:
School of Engineering, University of South Australia, SA 5095, Australia
Hsu-Chiang Kuan
Affiliation:
Department of Energy Application Engineering, Far East University, Tainan 744, Taiwan
Jiabin Dai
Affiliation:
School of Engineering, University of South Australia, SA 5095, Australia
Lee Luong
Affiliation:
School of Engineering, University of South Australia, SA 5095, Australia
Jun Ma*
Affiliation:
School of Engineering, University of South Australia, SA 5095, Australia; and Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, SA 5095, Australia
Chun H. Wang*
Affiliation:
Sir Lawrence Wackett Aerospace Research Centre, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
*
a)Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: jun.ma@unisa.edu.au
b)e-mail: chun.wang@rmit.edu.au
Get access

Abstract

Nanoparticles of ∼55 nm in diameter have been found to significantly increase the fracture toughness of nanocomposites with a ductile polymer matrix. This paper presents a comparative study of the effectiveness of micrometer-sized and nanosized elastomeric particles in improving the fracture toughness and strength of polymeric adhesives. Particular focuses are on the effects of particle size, matrix ductility, and adhesive thickness on the shear strength and fracture toughness. The results reveal that for an epoxy adhesive cured with a J400 hardener, nanosized particles can produce nearly 18 times more increase in fracture toughness than what can be achieved using micrometer-sized particles at the same volume fraction of 5.0 vol%. This huge improvement of adhesives' fracture toughness by nanosized particles is similar to that observed in bulk nanocomposites, indicating that the superior toughening mechanism of nanosized elastomeric particles is equally effective in thin adhesives constrained by stiff adherends.

Keywords

nanostructureadhesivefracture toughness
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 29 , Issue 5 , 14 March 2014 , pp. 665 - 674
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Packham, D.E.: Structural Adhesives: Developments in Resins and Primers: Edited by A. J. Kinloch, Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London, 1986. 322 pp. Compos. Sci. Technol. 29(2), 153 (1987).Google Scholar
Kinloch, A.J., Shaw, S.J., Tod, D.A., and Hunston, D.L.: Deformation and fracture behaviour of a rubber-toughened epoxy: 1. Microstructure and fracture studies. Polymer 24(10), 1341 (1983).Google Scholar
Dai, J-B., Kuan, H-C., Du, X-S., Dai, S-C., and Ma, J.: Development of a novel toughener for epoxy resins. Polym. Int. 58(7), 838 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mo, M-S., Wang, D., Du, X., Ma, J., Qian, X., Chen, D., and Qian, Y.: Engineering of nanotips in ZnO submicrorods and patterned arrays. Cryst. Growth Des. 9(2), 797 (2008).Google Scholar
Ma, J., Xu, J., Ren, J-H., Yu, Z-Z., and Mai, Y-W.: A new approach to polymer/montmorillonite nanocomposites. Polymer 44(16), 4619 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zaman, I., Le, Q.H., Kuan, H.C., Kawashima, N., Luong, L., Gerson, A., and Ma, J.: Interface-tuned epoxy/clay nanocomposites. Polymer 52(2), 497 (2011).Google Scholar
Zulfiqar, S., Sarwar, M.I., Lieberwirth, I., and Ahmad, Z.: Morphology, mechanical, and thermal properties of aramid/layered silicate nanocomposite materials. J. Mater. Res. 23(09), 2296 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zaman, I., Kuan, H-C., Meng, Q., Michelmore, A., Kawashima, N., Pitt, T., Zhang, L., Gouda, S., Luong, L., and Ma, J.: A facile approach to chemically modified graphene and its polymer nanocomposites. Adv. Funct. Mater. 22(13), 2735 (2012).Google Scholar
Cheng, Q., Wang, J., Jiang, K., Li, Q., and Fan, S.: Fabrication and properties of aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy composites. J. Mater. Res. 23(11), 2975 (2008).Google Scholar
Tang, L-C., Wan, Y-J., Peng, K., Pei, Y-B., Wu, L-B., Chen, L-M., Shu, L-J., Jiang, J-X., and Lai, G-Q.: Fracture toughness and electrical conductivity of epoxy composites filled with carbon nanotubes and spherical particles. Composites Part A 45(0), 95 (2013).Google Scholar
Ma, J., Mo, M.S., Du, X.S., Rosso, P., Friedrich, K., and Kuan, H.C.: Effect of inorganic nanoparticles on mechanical property, fracture toughness and toughening mechanism of two epoxy systems. Polymer 49(16), 3510 (2008).Google Scholar
Ma, J., Mo, M-S., Du, X-S., Dai, S-R., and Luck, I.: Study of epoxy toughened by in situ formed rubber nanoparticles. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 110(1), 304 (2008).Google Scholar
Kinloch, A.J., Lee, J.H., Taylor, A.C., Sprenger, S., Eger, C., and Egan, D.: Toughening structural adhesives via nano- and micro-phase inclusions. J. Adhes. 79(8–9), 867 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guild, F., Kinloch, A., and Taylor, A.: Particle cavitation in rubber toughened epoxies: The role of particle size. J. Mater. Sci. 45(14), 3882 (2010).Google Scholar
Kim, J-K., MacKay, D.B., and Mai, Y-W.: Drop-weight impact damage tolerance of CFRP with rubber-modified epoxy matrix. Composites 24(6), 485 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le, Q-H., Kuan, H-C., Dai, J-B., Zaman, I., Luong, L., and Ma, J.: Structure–property relations of 55nm particle-toughened epoxy. Polymer 51(21), 4867 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhenyi, M., Langford, S.C., Dickinson, J.T., Engelhard, M.H., and Baer, D.R.: Fractal character of crack propagation in epoxy and epoxy composites as revealed by photon emission during fracture. J. Mater. Res. 6(01), 183 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, C.H.: On the fracture of constrained layers. Int. J. Fracture 93(1–4), 227 (1998).Google Scholar
Kinloch, A.J. and Shaw, S.J.: The fracture resistance of a toughened epoxy adhesive. J. Adhes. 12(1), 59 (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, V., Ivankovic, A., Karac, A., McAuliffe, D., and Murphy, N.: Effects of bond gap thickness on the fracture of nano-toughened epoxy adhesive joints. Polymer 53(24), 5540 (2012).Google Scholar
Choi, S.T.: Extended JKR theory on adhesive contact of a spherical tip onto a film on a substrate. J. Mater. Res. 27(01), 113 (2012).Google Scholar
Cook, R.F.: Crack propagation thresholds: A measure of surface energy. J. Mater. Res. 1(06), 852 (1986).Google Scholar
Takeda, M., Matoba, N., Matsuda, K., Seki, H., Inoue, K., Oishi, M., and Sakai, M.: Effect of ultraviolet cure on the interfacial toughness and structure of SiOC thin film on Si substrate. J. Mater. Res. 25(10), 1910 (2010).Google Scholar
Imanaka, M., Nakamura, Y., Nishimura, A., and Iida, T.: Fracture toughness of rubber-modified epoxy adhesives: Effect of plastic deformability of the matrix phase. Compos. Sci. Technol. 63(1), 41 (2003).Google Scholar
da Silva, L.F., Rodrigues, T., Figueiredo, M., De Moura, M., and Chousal, J.: Effect of adhesive type and thickness on the lap shear strength. J. Adhes. 82(11), 1091 (2006).Google Scholar
Kinloch, A.: Adhesion and Adhesives: Science and Technology (Chapman and Hall, London, 1987).Google Scholar
ASTM: D3433-99 Standard Test Method for Fracture Strength in Cleavage of Adhesives in Bonded Metal Joints, 15.06 (2005).Google Scholar
ISO: ISO 25217 Adhesives – Determination of the mode 1 adhesive fracture energy of structural adhesive joints using double cantilever beam and tapered double cantilever beam specimens, 24 (2009).Google Scholar
Ma, J., Qi, Q., Bayley, J., Du, X-S., Mo, M-S., and Zhang, L-Q.: Development of SENB toughness measurement for thermoset resins. Polym. Test. 26(4), 445 (2007).Google Scholar
Meng, Q., Zaman, I., Hannam, J.R., Kapota, S., Luong, L., Youssf, O., and Ma, J.: Improvement of adhesive toughness measurement. Polym. Test. 30(2), 243 (2011).Google Scholar
ISO: ISO 4587 Adhesives – Determination of tensile lap-shear strength of rigid-to-rigid bonded assemblies (2003).Google Scholar
Jancar, J., Douglas, J.F., Starr, F.W., Kumar, S.K., Cassagnau, P., Lesser, A.J., Sternstein, S.S., and Buehler, M.J.: Current issues in research on structure-property relationships in polymer nanocomposites. Polymer 51(15), 3321 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, J., Feng, Y.X., Xu, J., Xiong, M.L., Zhu, Y.J., and Zhang, L.Q.: Effects of compatibilizing agent and in situ fibril on the morphology, interface and mechanical properties of EPDM/nylon copolymer blends Polymer 43(3), 937 (2002).Google Scholar
Xia, X.X., Wang, W.H., and Greer, A.L.: Plastic zone at crack tip: A nanolab for formation and study of metallic glassy nanostructures. J. Mater. Res. 24(09), 2986 (2009).Google Scholar
Atkins, A.G. and Mai, Y.W.: Elastic and Plastic Fracture: Metals, Polymers, Ceramics, Composites, Biological Materials (Ellis Horwood, Hemel Hemstead, UK, 1985).Google Scholar
Kramer, D.E., Volinsky, A.A., Moody, N.R., and Gerberich, W.W.: Substrate effects on indentation plastic zone development in thin soft films. J. Mater. Res. 16(11), 3150 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Meng et al. supplementary material

Supplementary table and figure

Download Meng et al. supplementary material(File)
File 203.8 KB