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Efficacy of a sleep health intervention to optimize standard smoking cessation treatment response: results from a pilot randomized controlled trial

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2020

Freda Patterson Open the ORCID record for Freda Patterson [Opens in a new window] ,
Michael A. Grandner ,
Susan K. Malone ,
Ryan T. Pohlig ,
Rebecca L. Ashare  and
David G. Edwards
Freda Patterson*
Affiliation:
College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
Michael A. Grandner
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Susan K. Malone
Affiliation:
School of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
Ryan T. Pohlig
Affiliation:
College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
Rebecca L. Ashare
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
David G. Edwards
Affiliation:
College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Freda Patterson, E-mail: fredap@udel.edu
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Abstract

Background

We tested if an adjunctive sleep health (SH) intervention improved smoking cessation treatment response by increasing quit rates. We also examined if baseline sleep, and improvements in sleep in the first weeks of quitting, were associated with quitting at the end of treatment.

Methods

Treatment-seeking smokers (N = 29) aged 21–65 years were randomized to a SH intervention (n = 16), or general health (GH) control (n = 13) condition. Participants received six counseling sessions across 15-weeks: SH received smoking cessation + SH counseling; GH received smoking cessation + GH counseling. Counseling began 4-weeks before the target quit date (TQD), and varenicline treatment began 1-week prior to TQD. Smoking status and SH were assessed at baseline (week 1), TQD (week 4), 3 weeks after cessation (week 7), week 12, and at the end of treatment (EOT; week 15).

Results

SH versus GH participants had higher Carbon Monoxide (CO) -verified, 7-day point prevalence abstinence at EOT (69% vs. 54%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.40–10.69, P = 0.77). Higher baseline sleep efficiency (aOR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.03–1.96, P = 0.03), predicted higher EOT cessation. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, and baseline nicotine dependence.

Conclusions

Improving SH in treatment-seeking smokers prior to cessation warrants further examination as a viable strategy to promote cessation.

Keywords

Sleep healthsmoking cessationvarenicline
Type
Brief Report
Information
Journal of Smoking Cessation , Volume 15 , Issue 2 , June 2020 , pp. 113 - 117
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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