Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-5nwft Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-18T02:31:30.260Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Supporting Fathers in Multi-Ethnic Societies: Insights from British Asian Fathers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 January 2013

PUNITA CHOWBEY
Affiliation:
Centre for Health and Social Care Research, 32 Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BJ email: p.chowbey@shu.ac.uk
SARAH SALWAY
Affiliation:
Centre for Health and Social Care Research, 32 Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BJ email: s.salway@shu.ac.uk
LYNDA CLARKE
Affiliation:
Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT email: lynda.clarke@lshtm.ac.uk

Abstract

There is concern that current UK policy and intervention aimed at supporting fathers remains primarily informed by dominant White middle-class values and experiences, and therefore fails to respond adequately to the needs of Britain's diverse fathers. This paper contributes to understanding of ethnic diversity in fathering contexts, practices and experiences, by reporting findings from a qualitative study of British Asian fathers, involving in-depth interviews with fifty-nine fathers and thirty-three mothers from Bangladeshi Muslim, Pakistani Muslim, Gujarati Hindu and Punjabi Sikh background, and over eight additional respondents engaged through Key Informant interviews, ethnographic interviews and group discussions. The paper highlights four areas that require greater recognition by policy-makers and practitioners to appropriately meet the needs of fathers from diverse ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds. These are: recognising that fathers and mothers do not necessarily constitute an autonomous unit; appreciating diversity in fathers’ understandings of desirable child outcomes; addressing additional obstacles to achieving similar outcomes for children; and understanding that the boundaries and content of fathering are not universally recognised. Policies that are less normative and more responsive to diversity are essential to ensure that all fathers can be effectively supported.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Archer, L. (2011), ‘Constructing minority ethnic middle class identity: an exploratory study with parents, pupils and young professionals’, Sociology, 45: 134–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atkin, K. and Chattoo, S. (2007), ‘The dilemmas of providing welfare in an ethnically diverse state: seeking reconciliation in the role of a reflexive practitioner’, Policy and Politics, 35: 3, 377–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ball, J. and Moselle, K. (2007), ‘Fathers’ contributions to children's well-being’, Population Health Fund Project, Father involvement for healthy child outcomes, Partners Supporting Knowledge Development and Transfer, Public Health Agency of Canada.Google Scholar
Behnke, A. O. and Allen, W. (2006), ‘Beating the odds: how ethnically diverse fathers matter’, in Brotherson, S. E. and White, J. M. (eds.), Why Fathers Count, Harriman, TN: Men's Studies Press, pp. 326–54.Google Scholar
Bhavani, K. and Phoenix, A. (1994), ‘Shifting identities shifting racisms: an introduction’, in Bhavani, K. and Phoenix, A. (eds.), Shifting Identities Shifting Racisms: A Feminism and Psychology Reader, London: Sage, pp. 518.Google Scholar
Braun, A., Vincent, C. and Ball, S. J. (2011), ‘Working-class fathers and childcare: the economic and family contexts of fathering in the UK’, Community, Work and Family, 14: 1, 1937.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cabrera, N., Tamis-LeMonda, C., Bradley, R., Hofferth, S. and Lamb, M. (2000), ‘Fatherhood in the 21st century’, Child Development, 71: 127–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cabrera, N., Ryan, R., Shannon, J., Brooks-Gunn, J., Vogel, C., Raikes, H. and Tamis-LeMonda, C. (2004), ‘Low-income biological fathers’ involvement in their toddlers lives: the Early Head Start National Research and Evaluation study’, Fathering: A Journal of Theory, Research, and Practice about Men as Fathers, 2: 530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chuang, S. and Tamis-LeMonda, C. S. (2009), ‘Gender roles in immigrant families: parenting views, practices, and child development’, Sex Roles, 60: 451–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Craig, G. (2007), Sure Start and Black and Minority Ethnic Children, London: DfES.Google Scholar
Department for Education (DfE) (2007a), The Children's Plan: Building Brighter Futures, CM 7280, The Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Department for Education (DfE) (2007b), Every Parent Matters, DFES-LKAW-2007, The Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Department for Education and Department of Health (DfE & DoH) (2011), Supporting Families in the Foundation Years, www.education.gov.uk/publications.Google Scholar
Department of Health (DH) (1998), Supporting Families: A Consultation Document, The Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Department for Education and Skills (2004), Every Child Matters: Change for Children, DfES/1081/2004, The Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Department of Education and Skills (December 2006), Sure Start Children's Centres Planning and Performance Management Guidance, The Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Department for Education and Skills (DfES) and Department of Health (DH) (2004), National Service Framework for Children, Young People and Maternity Services, The Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Edwards, R. and Gillies, V. (2004), ‘Support in parenting: values and consensus concerning who to turn to’, Journal of Social Policy, 33: 4, 627–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, G. (2006), Educational Failure and Working Class White Children in Britain, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flouri, E. and Buchanan, A. (2003), ‘What predicts fathers’ involvement with their children? A prospective study of intact families’, British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 21: 8198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gewirtz, S. (2001), ‘Cloning the Blairs: New Labour's programme for the re-socialization of working-class parents’, Journal of Education Policy, 16: 365–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghate, D., Shaw, C. and Neal, H. (2000), Fathers and Family Centres: Engaging Fathers in Preventive Services, York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation and York Publishing Services.Google Scholar
Gillies, V. (2005), ‘Meeting parents’ needs? Discourses of “support” and “inclusion” in family policy’, Critical Social Policy, 25: 70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gillies, V. (2006), ‘Parenting and social class: exploring the context of childrearing’, Community Practitioner, 79: 114–17.Google ScholarPubMed
Gillies, V. (2009), ‘Understandings and experiences of “involved fathering” in the UK: exploring classed dimensions’, American Annuls, 624: 4960.Google Scholar
Gunaratnam, Y. (2003), Researching ‘Race’ and Ethnicity: Methods, Knowledge and Power, London: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, S. (1992), ‘The question of cultural identity’, in Hall, S., Held, D. and McGrew, T. (eds.), Modernity and Its Futures, Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Harwood, R. L., Handwerker, W. P., Schoelmerich, A. and Leyendecker, B. (2001), ‘Ethnic category labels, parental beliefs, and the contextualized individual: an exploration of the individualism-sociocentrism debate’, Parenting: Science and Practice, 1: 217–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HM Treasury and DfES (2007), Aiming High for Children: Supporting Families Reference, PU188, The Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Jenkins, R. (1994), ‘Rethinking ethnicity: identity, categorization and power’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 17: 197223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karlsen, S. (2004), ‘Black like Beckham? Moving beyond definitions of ethnicity based on skin colour and ancestry’, Ethnicity and Health, 9: 107–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lamb, M. and Lewis, C. (2004), ‘The development and significance of father–child relationships in two-parent familiesI’, in Lamb, M. E. (eds.), The Role of the Father in Child Development, New York: Wiley, pp. 272307.Google Scholar
Lareau, A. (2002), ‘Invisible inequality: social class and childrearing in black families and white families’, American Sociological Review, 67: 747–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, C. (2000), A Man's Place in the Home: Fathers and Families in the UK, York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.Google Scholar
Lewis, C. and Lamb, M. E. (2007), Understanding Fatherhood: A Review of Recent Research, York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.Google Scholar
Lloyd, N., O'Brien, M. and Lewis, C. (2003), Fathers in Sure Start London: National Evaluation of Sure Start, Birkbeck College.Google Scholar
Mac an Ghaill, M. (1999), ‘Introduction’, in Mac an Ghaill, M. (eds.), Contemporary Racisms and Ethnicities: Social and Cultural Transformations, Buckingham: Open University Press, pp. 314.Google Scholar
Mahtani Stewart, S. and Harris Bond, M. (2002), ‘A critical look at parenting research from the mainstream: problems uncovered while adapting Western research to non-Western cultures’, British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 20: 379–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marsiglio, W., Amato, P., Day, R. D. and Lamb, M. E. (2000), ‘Scholarship on fatherhood in the 1990s and beyond’, The Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62: 1173–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, W. and Maiter, S. (2008), ‘Fatherhood and culture: moving beyond stereotypical understandings’, Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 17: 279300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Modood, T. (1988), ‘“Black”, racial equality and Asian identity’, New Community, 14: 3, 397404.Google Scholar
Modood, T. (1998), ‘Anti-essentialism, multiculturalism and the “recognition” of religious groups’, The Journal of Political Philosophy, 6: 378–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Modood, T., Beishon, S. and Virdee, S. (1998), Ethnic Minority Families, London: Policy Studies Institute.Google Scholar
Modood, T. (2007), Multicuturalism: A Civic Idea, Cambridge: Polity Press, p. 115. National Statistics Online, http://www.ons.gov.uk (accessed April 2012).Google Scholar
Nazroo, J. Y. (ed.) (2006), Health and Social Research in Multiethnic Societies, London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Page, J., Whitting, G. and Mclean, C. (2008), A Review of How Fathers Can be Better Recognised and Supported Through DCSF Policy, DCSF Research Report RR040, The Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Pollack, S. (2003), ‘Focus-group methodology in research with incarcerated women: race, power, and collective Experience’, Affilia, 18: 461–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roer-Strier, D., Strier, R., Este, D., Shimoni, R. and Clarke, D. (2005), ‘Fatherhood and mmigration: challenging the deficit theory’, Child and Family Social Work, 10: 315–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roopnarine, J. L. (2002), ‘Father involvement in English speaking Caribbean families’, in Tamis-LeMonda, C. S. and Cabrera, N. (eds.), Handbook of Father Involvement: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Salway, S., Chowbey, P. and Clarke, L. (2009), Parenting in Modern Britain: Experiences of Asian Fathers in the UK, York Publishing.Google Scholar
Shaw, A. (2000), Kinship and Continuity: Pakistani Families in Britain, London: Routledge/Harwood.Google Scholar
Shears, J. (2007), ‘Fathering activities and attitudes across race and ethnicity’, Journal of Early Childhood Research, 5: 245–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tett, L. (2001), ‘Parents as problems or parents as people? Parental involvement programmes, schools and adult educators’, International Journal of Lifelong Learning, 20: 3, 188–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ville, I. and Guerin-Pace, F. (2005), ‘Identity in question: the development of a survey in France’, Population-E, 60: 3, 231–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wainwright, D. (1997), ‘Can sociological research be quantitative, critical and valid?’, The Quantitative Report, 3: 2.Google Scholar