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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 April 2011
The establishment of diplomatic ties by the Soviet Union with all the countries of Southeast Asia except the Philippines and South Vietnam, and the growing influence sought by it in the area, indicates that the publication of more work on Russian relations with Southeast Asia would be of interest, and it is the purpose of this article to survey the course of these relations to date, to see what general picture emerges and what possibilities of further research exist. This survey is, of necessity, extremely superficial.
1 (a) Politika evropeiskikh derzhav v Iugo-Vostochnoi Azii 1760–1860. (The Policy of the European Powers in Southeast Asia 1760–1860), Moscow, Publishing House for Oriental Literature, 1962.
(b) Politika kapitalisticheskikh derzhav i natsional'noosvoboditel-ʼnoe dvizhenie v Iugo-Vostochnoi Azii (The Policy of the Capilalist Powers and the National Liberation Movement in Southeast Asia), Moscow, the Science Publishing House, Vol. I, 1965, Vol. II, 1967.
(c) Solovʼev, O.F. “Iz istorii russko-tailandskikh otnoshenii” (Excerpts from the history of Russo-Thai Relations”) in Istoricheskii Arkhiv No. 6, 1967, pp. 111–130.Google Scholar
(d) Solovʼev, O.F. “Otnoshenia Mezhdu Rossiei i Birmoi v 19 v” (Relations between Russia and Burma in the 19th century) in Sovetskoe Vostokovedenie, No. 4, 1956, pp. 126–134.Google Scholar
(e) Alyoshin, Ju, Sovetsko-Indoneziiskie omoshenie (Soviet-Indonesian Relations), Publishing House or the Institute of International Relations, Moscow, 1963.Google Scholar
2 See Politika evropeiskikh derzhav … documents 242–288; and Reports of the International Conference of Orientalists held in Moscow in 1960, vol. 4, paper by A.A. Guber, A.N. Uzianov, G. Levinson and A. Tartarovskii.
3 Buckley, C.B., A History of Singapore. Vol. 2, pp. 658–9Google Scholar.
4 Tay, J.S., “The Attempts of Raffles to Establish a British Base in South-east Asia, 1818–1819”, Journal of Southeast Asian History, Vol. 1, No. 2. 1960, pp. 31–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5 Quested, R., The Expansion of Russia in East Asia. Kuala Lumpur, 1968, pp. 70–71.Google Scholar
6 Straits Settlements Records, minute of 12 January 1886.
7 Ibid., confidential minute of 31 May 1889
8 Barker, P.W., Rubber Statistics 1900–1937, published by U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington 1938Google Scholar; Politika kapitalisticheskikh derzhav … Vol. 1, document No. 117.
9 Straits Settlements Records, confidential letter Smith-Knutsford, under cover of minute of 31 May 1889.
10 Politika kapitalisticheskikh derzhav … Vo. I, documents nos. 123, Notes 369 and 542.
11 Ibid., documents nos. 127–134.
12 See Reid, Anthony, The Contest for North Sumatra, Kuala Lumpur 1969, chapter 4Google Scholar; Alioshin Iu., Sovetsko-Indoneziiskie otnoshenia, pp. 8–9; and Politika kapitalisticheskikh derzhav … Vol. I, documents 13–18.
13 Politika kapitalisticheskikh derzhav … Vol. I, documents 32 and 40.
14 Alioshin, op. cit., pp. 9–11, quoting, for the reference to the Achenese Sultan in 1904, from the Archiv vneshnei politiki Rossii, f. Tikhookeanskii stol, d. 1358, 1.1 and 1.9. (This is the main Russian foreign policy archive for Tsarist times). See also Politika kapitalisticheskikk derzhav … Vol. I, documents 8–12, 19–41, Introduction pp. 8–9, and Note 119 p. 522, for references to Bakunin's reports.
15 Politika kapitalisticheskikh derzhav … Vol. 1. Documents 62 and 63.
16 Ibid., document No. 79. The high price of coal in Singapore had motivated this. Whether Russian warships continued to coal there afterwards is not known.
17 Ibid., documents 65–67, 70–73.
18 Straits Settlements Records, minute of 3 February 1903, with enclosures.
19 “De Levensgeschiednis van W.P. Mamalyga (Malygin), ‘Rustverstoorder’ in Nederlands-Indie”, Bijdragen tot den Taal-Land-en-Volkenkunde 121 (1965), part 3.Google Scholar
20 “A Russian in Kelantan?” Peninjau Sejarah, Vol. I, No. 2, 1966.Google Scholar
21 See article by Solovʼev, O.F., in Istoricheskii Arkhiv [see Footnote 1(c)] and Politika kapitalisticheskikh derzhav …, Vol. 2, p. 101.
22 Ibid.
23 Correspondence relating to Affairs of Slam, Vol. 3, Nos. 339, 349. (Foreign Office Confidential Print). Vyvodtsev's attempt was renewed early in 1893, and rejected by the Thais, according to this source.
24 Solovʼev, op. cit., and Politika kapitalisticheskikh derzhav. Vol. 2, p. 131.
25 See Chakrabongse, Chula, Lords of Life, London, 1960Google Scholar, and Politika kapitalisticheskikh derzhav. Vol. 2, document no. 51.
26 Solovʼev, op. cit.
27 See Chandran, M.J., “The Dual Alliance of 1894: a Siamese aspect”, Journal of the Historical Society of the University of Malaya, Vol. 3, 1964/1965.Google Scholar
28 Politika kapitalisticeskikh derzhav … Vol. 2, commentary p. 131 and document no. 72.
29 Chandran, op. cit., p. 66.
30 Politika kapitalisticheskikh derzhav … Vol. 2, documents 67–93, especially nos. 74. 85, 90.
31 Chandran, op. cit., p. 66.
32 Solovʼev, op. cit.
33 Politika kapitalisticheskikh derzhav … Vol. 2, document No. 95.
34 Solovʼev, op. cit.
35 Politika kapitalisticheskikh derzhav … Vol. 2, document nos. 30, 96–171, also commentary pp. 130–5, 230–2, 263–5.
36 Solovʼev, O., article in Sovetskoe rostokovedenie [See Note 1 (d)]. Also Politika kapitalisticheskikh derzhav … Vol. 2, commentary pp. 63–66, document nos. 25–43.
37 Ibid.
38 Politika kapitalisticheskikh derzhav … Vol. 1, document no. 136, note 385, p. 544.
39 Gnevusheva, E.I., V. strane 3,000 ostrovov (In the Land of 3,000 Islands), Moscow, Publishing House Cor Oriental Literature, 1962.
40 Information obtained from the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the Hague by the Netherlands Embassy in Kuala Lumpur. But according to Alioshin, op. cit., the vice-consulate was closed in 1913.
41 Information supplied by the French Embassy in Kuala Lumpur, the Public Record Office and the Foreign Office Library.
42 Rubber Industry Statistics, Rubber Research Institute, Kuala Lumpur, 1968.Google Scholar
43 Information supplied by Academician A.A. Guber, head of the History Section of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, when on a visit to the University of Malaya in May 1969.
44 Vasilʼev, D. and L'vov, K., Torgovlia sovetskogo soiuza so stranami Iugo-vostochnol Azii. Moscow, Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1959, 157 pp.Google Scholar
45 Indonesian Communism: a history, N.Y., 1963. p. 294.
46 Rubber Industry Statistics, 1968.
47 See Berton and Rubinstein, Soviet Works on Southeast Asia. Chapter 1.
